Coelioxoides piscicauda Rocha-Filho, 2017

Rocha-Filho, Léo Correia Da, Serrano, José Carlos & Garófalo, Carlos Alberto, 2017, Coelioxoides piscicauda sp. nov., a new cuckoo bee from southeastern Brazil with a key to the species of Coelioxoides Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Zootaxa 4363 (4), pp. 535-543 : 536-541

Coelioxoides piscicauda Rocha-Filho sp. nov.

( Figs. 1 , 2 )

Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from all others in the genus by the unique subacute tubercles partially hidden by pale hairs laterobasally on labrum (in the other three species there are no tubercles on the basal margin of labrum). Additionally, females are characterized by the presence of two discrete ridges apicomedially on clypeus, forming a small concavity, and in males the clypeus is slightly concave apicomedially (in the other three Coelioxoides species the apical margin of clypeus is truncate, without concavity or ridges). Coelioxoides piscicauda sp. nov. and C. exulans ( Holmberg, 1887) share some distinctive characters such as the diagonal hyaline band in forewing, the bifid S6 apex in females and the S6 disc in males covered with pale, subappressed hairs (in C. waltheriae and C. punctipennis Cresson, 1878 the forewing has an elliptical hyaline spot beyond the apex of marginal cell, the S 6 in females is cylindrical and subacute, and the S6 disc in males is covered with brownish, subappressed hairs). Coelioxoides piscicauda can be differentiated by the conspicuous pale pubescence that contrasts to the scarce, brownish to black hairs of C. exulans . In addition, the S 5 in C. exulans females is carinate medially whereas in females of the new species the S5 is never carinate, but with a discrete ridge. In males of C. exulans the apical margins of S4–S5 are projected into a triangle process whereas in C. piscicauda the apical margins of S4–S5 are slightly concave and characterized by a dense fringe of brown hairs curved apically.

Description. Female, holotype (RPSP). “Faz. Sta Carlota, CAJURU-SP-Brasil, F10 - cel.1, 26.II.1988 ”. “Garofalo-Camillo, Serrano leg.”. “ Coelioxoides sp. n., Det. Camargo 1990”.

Measurements. Approximate body length: 11.9 mm; forewing length: 7.4 mm; head width: 2.9 mm.

Integument. Black except as follows: clypeus, labrum, mandible except apex, lateral and ventral surfaces of mesepisternum dark red; scape, pedicel, F1, F2 basally, tegula orange; F2 apically, F3–F10, metasomal terga dark brown; metasomal sterna orange to brownish; S6 apex reddish to dark brown; dorsal surface of legs brownish; mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum, and propodeum blackish; forewing infuscate with a diagonal hyaline band extending from apex of marginal cell to the apex of second cubital cell, hindwing subhyaline, veins dark brown to piceous.

Pubescence. Pale, appressed/subappressed hairs on: paraocular and supraclypeal areas, clypeus except a small spot medially, labrum basally, gena, apical fascia dorsally on pronotum, anterior and posterior margins of tegula, lateral and ventral surfaces of mesepisternum, apical half on axilla, one quarter laterally on scutellum, basal fascia on metanotum, dorsolateral, ventrolateral and anterolateral margins of propodeum, dorsal and ventral surfaces of legs, posterior surface of fore femur, apical fasciae enlarged laterally on T1–T5, apical fasciae enlarged laterally on S1–S4. Long, thin, suberect, golden setae on mandible lateroventrally. Long, thin, suberect, yellowish setae scattered on clypeus, frons below mid ocellus, vertex, mesoscutum, scutellum, apically on S1–S4. Long, thick, suberect brown setae adjacent to pygidial plate and on S5 subapically.

Surface sculpture. Clypeus moderately punctate, interspaces between punctures larger than puncture diameter, strigate medially, interspaces polished, shiny. Vertex moderately punctate, coarse punctures intermingled with micropunctures, interspaces smooth and shiny. Mesoscutum densely punctate, coarse punctures intermingled with micropunctures, interspaces smooth and shiny. Scutellum densely punctate, coarse punctures intermingled with micropunctures, interspaces imbricate. Metanotum and propodeum imbricate. Lateral surface of mesepisternum densely punctate, coarse punctures intermingled with micropunctures, interspaces polished and shiny. Metasomal terga densely micropunctate, interspaces smooth, shiny. Pygidial plate moderately punctate, few coarse punctures intermingled with micropunctures, interspaces smooth, shiny. S6 apex polished, shiny.

Structure. Clypeus apicomedially with two discrete ridges forming a small concavity. Ridge 1.1x longer than concavity depth. Labrum laterobasally with two small, subacute tubercles partially covered with pubescence. Labrum trapezoidal, basal and apical margins truncate. Interalveolar area elevated medially and forming a ridge. Supra-antennal area strongly concave. F1 length 1.5x as long as F2. Posterior surface of gena carinate. Depression before pronotal lobe elongate, linear, 4 times as long as broad. Scutellum slightly slanting, nearly horizontal in profile. Medial carina on scutellum weak, restricted to basal area. Axilla subtriangular, not projected. Second abscissa of M+Cu of hindwing 4 times as long as cu-v. Hind tibiae apicomedial spines compressed, subacute, 1.1x longer than broad. Pygidial plate elongate, 4.2x longer than broad, rounded apically. S3–S4 apical margins slightly concave. S5 elongate, slightly truncate apically, with a discrete ridge medially. S6 compressed laterally, apex bifid with two cylindrical, subacute processes, dorsal process slightly longer than ventral process.

Description. Male (RPSP). “Faz. Sta Carlota, CAJURU-SP-Br., 1.13, 14.X.1990 ”. “Garófalo, Camillo, Serrano leg.” “C”.

Measurements. Approximate body length: 9.9 mm; forewing length: 7.2 mm; head width: 2.6 mm.

Integument. As in female except as follows: clypeus and mesosoma black; hyaline band on forewing extending from apex of marginal cell to apex of second medial cell.

Pubescence. As in female except as follows: tegula lacking pale pubescence; pale, appressed/subappressed hairs only on lateral margins of scutellum; apical fascia on T1 complete, apical fascia on T2–T3 narrowed medially, apical fascia on T4–T6 only laterally, apical fascia on S1–S6, medially and subapically on S2–S5 discs and on S6 disc. T7 densely covered with long, subappressed, brown hairs; apical processes hidden by pubescence. S3–S4 apicomedially and S2 and S5 only apically covered with long, suberect, brown hairs curved apically.

Surface sculpture. As in female except as follows: T5 subapically and T6 moderately micropunctate, interspaces shiny and polished.

Structure. As in female except as follows: clypeus slightly concave apicomedially, with two minute ridges. Concavity 2.6x broader than ridge length. Hind tibia lacking spurs. T7 with two cylindrical, acute, slightly divergent, apical processes. Apical margin of S6 convex, slightly triangular. Apical margin of S7 convex, with a few minute, plumose hairs medially. Apical margin of S8 weakly sclerotized, elongate, its length about 1.5 times longer than its width, subtriangular, with long, erect hairs medially. Basal margin of S8 triangular, broad, its width about 1.75 times broader than long. Gonocoxa strongly compressed laterally, apex subacute, with long, erect hairs, subequal to penis valve in length. Penis valve heavily sclerotized.

Etymology. The specific epithet is a compound noun in apposition, made from the Latin words piscis = fish + cauda = tail, in reference to the bifid apex of S 6 in females.

Phenology. According to the emergence dates given on labels, this species is active from September to March, a period characterized as the hot/wet season in the locality where the Tetrapedia nests were attacked ( Camillo 2005).

Floral Records. Unknown.

Host Records. Specimens of C. piscicauda sp. nov. were reared from nests of Tetrapedia curvitarsis Friese (13 nests), T. diversipes (1 nest), T. garofaloi Moure (3 nests), and 12 nests in which no Tetrapedia specimen has emerged so the host species could not be identified ( Table 1).

Uberlândia, MG, Brazil Mesquita & Augusto 2011 *

Tetrapedia diversipes Klug Cajuru, SP, Brazil Camillo 2005 *

Gália, SP, Brazil Garófalo 2008

Patrocínio Paulista, SP, Brazil Gazola & Garófalo 2009

Tetrapedia garofaloi Moure Cajuru, SP, Brazil Camillo 2005

Tetrapedia rugulosa Friese Cajuru, SP, Brazil Camillo 2005 Coelioxoides Tetrapedia curvitarsis Cajuru, SP, Brazil Camillo 2005* piscicauda sp. nov.

Tetrapedia diversipes Cajuru, SP, Brazil Camillo 2005*

Tetrapedia garofaloi Cajuru, SP, Brazil Camillo 2005* Coelioxoides Tetrapedia aff. garofaloi Jundiaí, SP, Brazil Garófalo, unpubl. data waltheriae Ducke

Tetrapedia aff. peckoltii Gália, SP, Brazil Garófalo 2008

Tetrapedia curvitarsis Cajuru, SP, Brazil Camillo 2005*

Gália, SP, Brazil Garófalo, unpubl. data

Tetrapedia rugulosa Cajuru, SP, Brazil Camillo 2005 *

Gália, SP, Brazil Garófalo 2008

Tetrapedia diversipes Cajuru, SP, Brazil Camillo 2005 **

Baixa Grande, BA, Brazil Aguiar et al. 2005

Gália, SP, Brazil Rocha-Filho & Garófalo 2015

Patrocínio Paulista, SP, Brazil Gazola & Garófalo 2009

São Paulo, SP, Brazil Alves-dos-Santos 2003

São Paulo and Ilhabela, SP, Brazil Cordeiro et al. 2011

São Paulo and Ribeirão Preto, SP, Alves-dos-Santos et al. 2002

Brazil

Tetrapedia sp. Patrocínio Paulista, SP, Brazil Gazola & Garófalo 2009

Coelioxoides cf. Tetrapedia aff. curvitarsis Diamantina, MG, Brazil Araújo et al. 2016 waltheriae

Tetrapedia aff. peckoltii Diamantina, MG, Brazil Araújo et al. 2016

*Cited as Coelioxys sp.; **Cited as Coelioxoides sp.

Acari Records. Phoretic deutonymphs of Roubikia sp. nov. (Acari: Chaetodactylidae ) were found mostly on the mesosoma of two male specimens, one of them was reared from a T. curvitarsis nest whereas the other emerged from a nest that the host Tetrapedia species could not be identified. Deutonymphs of Roubikia imberba Klimov & O'Connor and R. panamensis (Baker, Roubik & Delfinado-Baker) were found dispersing on specimens of C. exulans and C. waltheriae collected in Argentina and Bolivia, respectively (Klimov & O'Connor 2007, 2008). The four recognized species of Roubikia O'Connor are associated exclusively with the genus Tetrapedia and can be phoretic on Coelioxoides species (Klimov & O'Connor 2008).

Geographical Distribution. São Paulo State ( Brazil).

Material Examined. Fazenda Santa Carlota (21°18’–27’S, 47°12’–17’ W), Cajuru , São Paulo, Brazil. ( CAVS) 1 ♂. K55, 19.X.1990. 1 ♂. 1.68g, 2.II.1990, 1,68g, 19-12, 2-2-90. 1 ♂. 2.43g, 18.IX.1990. 1 ♂. 1.13, 14.X.1990. 1 ♀. 1.4, 26.X.1990. 1 ♂. 1.61g, 29.I.1990. 1 ♂. 108b, 3.II.1990. 1 ♂. 3.27g, 30.IX.1990. 1 ♂. 1.13g, 11.X.1990. 1 ♀. 1.11g, 26.III.1990. 1 ♀. 152 cel 1, 19 . X.1 989, ex. 1 ♀. F7-cel.4/5, 18.I.1990. 1 ♂. 58B cel.4, 3.II.1988. 1 ♂. 70B-cel.4, 11.I.1988, 3. 1 ♂. 20B cel?, 8.II.1989. 1 ♀. 123 cel 3, morto. 1 ♂. 23B-cel.1/2, 24.I.1988. 1 ♂. C15-cel.2, 27.I.1988. 1 ♂. 41a-cel.2, 18.I.1988. 1 ♂. 70B-cel.2, 6.II.1988. 1 ♀. 119 cel.2, morto. 1 ♂. 2.129P, 15.III.1990. 1 ♂. 3.3bl, 5.II.1990. 1 ♂. 1.133P, 21.II.1990. 1 ♂. 3.9P, 13.II.1990. (RPSP) 1 ♀. 55A-cel 2, 19-IX-88. 1 ♂. 73B, 29.I.1988.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Coelioxoides piscicauda sp. nov. Female, holotype: (A) lateral view; (B) frontal view; (C) dorsal view. Male:(D) lateral view; (E) frontal view; (F) dorsal view. Scale bars = 2mm. Ownership rights to these images and their copyright belong to Coleção Entomológica “Prof. J.M.F.Camargo” (RPSP); photos by E.A.B. Almeida.

FIGURE 2. Coelioxoides piscicauda sp. nov. Female: (A) oblique view of clypeus and labrum (labrum tubercle and clypeus ridge indicated by black arrows); (B) dorsal view of scutellum; (C) ventral view of S5; (D) lateral view of S6. Male: (E) dorsal view of T7; (F)ventral view of S4 –S5; (G) S7; (H) S8; (I) dorsal view of genitalia.Photos by L.C.Rocha-Filho.