Pulvinaria

Joshi, Sunil, 2017, First record of Pulvinaria urbicola Cockerell (Hemiptera: Coccidae) from India, with a key to the Indian species of Pulvinaria Targioni Tozzetti, Zootaxa 4236 (3), pp. 533-542 : 539-540

Key to adult females of the Indian species of Pulvinaria

Note: Although Pulvinaria obscura Newstead has been recorded from India, it could not be included in the key as its original description by Newstead (1894) is scanty and does not yield any precise morphological characters for separating it from other species of Pulvinaria . Slides of P. obscura , mounted and identified by Dr. R. Newstead from Natural History Museum, London, UK, were received on loan for the study but were found to have deteriorated and it was not possible to remount them.

1. Marginal setae with apex clubbed, acutely pointed, rounded or capitate, never notched..............................2

- Most or all marginal setae with apex notched, bifid or fimbriate.................................................5

2. Submarginal tubercles always present; marginal setae with rounded or capitate apices; dorsal setae small and spine like; mul- tilocular pores each with 7 loculi............................................................. P. ixorae Green

- Submarginal tubercles absent or, rarely, a few present; marginal and dorsal setae variably shaped but not as above; multilocular disc pores with 7, 8 or 10 loculi..........................................................................3

3. Prevulvar setae numbering 3 pairs, on abdominal segments V, VI and VII; marginal setae pointed; dorsal setae lanceolate; mul- tilocular pores each with 8 loculi........................................................... P. iceryi (Signoret)

- Prevulvar setae numbering more than 3 pairs; marginal and dorsal setae differently shaped; multilocular pores with 7 or 10 loc- uli................................................................................................. 4

4. Prevulvar setae numbering 7 pairs on all abdominal segments anterior to vulva and on metathorax; marginal setae slender with clubbed apices; with 3 stigmatic setae; dorsal setae lanceolate; multilocular pores each with 10 loculi.............................................................................................. P. aligarhensis Avasthi &Shafee

- Prevulvar setae numbering 5 pairs, on abdominal segments III-VII; marginal setae pointed; each spiracular cleft with 5 stig- matic setae; dorsal setae thin and spine like; multilocular pores each with 7 loculi........ P. portblairensis Yousuf &Shafee

5. Submarginal tubercles present (always numbering more than 2)................................................ 6

- Submarginal tubercles absent or rarely with only 1 or 2 present................................................ 9

6. Each stigmatic cleft with only 4 or 5 stigmatic setae....................................... P. polygonata Cockerell

- Each stigmatic cleft with only 3 stigmatic setae..............................................................7

7. Each spiracle surrounded with a sclerotic plate................................................. P. psidii Maslkell

- Each spiracle not surrounded with a sclerotic plate.......................................................... 8

8. Each anal plate with 4 pairs of apical setae, 3 pairs of subapical setae and 2 pairs of fringe setae; dorsal tubular ducts sparsely scattered; multilocular pores, each with 7 loculi, present around genital opening and on medio-lateral areas of preceding 3 or 4 abdominal segments; with 3 pairs of prevulvar setae on abdominal segments V–VII............ P. floccifera (Westwood)

- Each anal plate with 3 pairs of apical setae, 3 pairs of subapical setae and 3 pairs of fringe setae; dorsal tubular ducts absent; multilocular pores, each with 10 loculi, present around anal area and in rows on preceding 3 abdominal segments; with 2 pairs of prevulvar setae............................................................... P. avasthii Yousuf & Shafee

9. Multilocular pores each with 10 loculi; dorsal setae each stiletto shaped......................... P. durantae Takahashi

- Multilocular pores each with 7 loculi; dorsal setae not stiletto shaped.......................................... 10

10. Dermal areolations very few or absent; dorsal tubular ducts absent; dorsal setae thick spinose and sparsely distributed; ventral setae thin and pointed; submarginal tubercles absent.................................... P. indica Avasthi & Shafee

- Dermal areolations present; dorsal tubular ducts present, scattered; dorsal setae spine like and scattered; ventral setae long, slender, straight and acute; occasionally with 1 or 2 submarginal tubercles present................. P. urbicola Cockerell