Brachineura Rondani, 1840

Fedotova, Z. A. & Perkovsky, E. E., 2014, New Gall Midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Brachineurini, Ledomyiini) From The Late Eocene Rovno Amber, Vestnik Zoologii 48 (1), pp. 35-50 : 38-39

Brachineura Rondani, 1840

T y p e s p e c i e s: Brachineura fuscogrisea Rondani, 1840: 17 (monotypy).

D i a g n o s i s ( fig. 2 , 1 –11; 7, 4, 5). Body and appendages are covered by very dense dark scales (flagellomeres and tarsi particularly so). Antennae 2+10-segmented: male flagellomeres subcylindrical with short neck; female ones cylindrical, rarely with swollen peritremae. Length of flagellomeres increases toward apex. Claws with denticle, empodium is developed. Palpi 1–3-segmented. Vein R 1+2 joins C before middle of wing, R 4+5 straight or curved, join C very far before wing apex; Cu simple, almost invisible distally. Cerci of male genitalia often cordiform, with very deep triangular excision. Hypoproct is almost as long as cerci and gonocoxites, deep excavated, with oval or semiround excision. Basal outgrouths of gonocoxites undeveloped. Ovipositor is not protrusible, with two dorsal lobes and one ventral.

Рис. 2. Brachineura polessica , самка, голотип (инв. номер K–1236 коллекции Института зоологии НАН Украины): 1 — общий вид; 2 — скапус, педицелл, 1-й и 2-й членики жгутика; 3 — 9–10-й членики жгутика; 4 — 6–7-й членики жгутика; 5 — 3–5-й членики жгутика; 6 — щупик; 7 — 3–5-й членики средней лапки; 8 — 1–2-й членики средней лапки; 9 — 1-й членик средней лапки; 10 — 5-й членик средней лапки; 11 — яйцеклад сбоку. Масштабные линейки 0.1 mm.

S p e c i e s i n c l u d e d. Cosmopolitan genus, includes 3 subgenera and 23 species, 19 of them Palaearctic ones ( Mamaev, 1967, 1994; Fedotova, 2004; Fedotova, Sidorenko, 2006 a; Gagné, 2004, 2010), 13 species are recorded from Russian Far East, 2 subgenera and 12 species were recently described (Fedotova, 2004; Fedotova, Sidorenko, 2006 a). Rovno amber species is the first extinct representative of the genus.

B i o l o g y. Larvae are associated with fungi and decaying leaves, small knots and bark fragments, other vegetable matter and fungi ( Mamaev, Krivosheina, 1965; Gagné, Solinas, 1996). Known, that Brachineura fungicola ( Mamaev, 1967) were reared from mycelium on thin alder snags and dead fruit bodies of Polyporus sulphureus ( Mamaev, Krivosheina, 1965) . Brachineura squamigera (Winnerts, 1853) was reared from mushrooms belonging to genera Russula and Rhizopogon ( Bayram, Skuhravá, 2004) .

Figures

Fig. 2. Brachineura polessica, female, holotype (SIZK, N K–1236): 1 — general appearance; 2 — scape, pedicel, flagellomeres 1–2; 3 — flagellomeres 9–10; 4 — flagellomeres 6–7; 5 — flagellomeres 3–5; 6 — palpus; 7 — middle tarsomeres 3–5; 8 — middle tarsomeres 1–2; 9 — middle tarsomere 1; 10 — middle tarsomere 5; 11 — ovipositor laterally. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

Fig. 1. Rovnobrachineura kiryeyevi, male, holotype (SIZK, N K–3701): 1 — general appearance; 2 — scape, pedicel, flagellomeres 1–2; 3 — flagellomeres 8–10; 4 — flagellomeres 6–7; 5 — mouth parts and palpi; 6 — genitalia dorsally. Scale bars 0.1 mm.