Therates sauteri W. Horn, 1912

Matalin, Andrey V. & Wiesner, Jürgen, 2023, Revision of the Therates fruhstorferi complex (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae), Zootaxa 5256 (5), pp. 401-433 : 428-431

Therates sauteri W. Horn, 1912 , bona sp.

Figs 26–28 , 48, 49 , 77–80 , 109–114 , 173, 174 .

Therates fruhstorferi sauteri W. Horn, 1912: 133 (type locality— Taihorin , Formosa).

Therates fruhstorferi sauteri W. Horn, 1912 — Horn 1915: 439, 1926: 114; Miwa 1936: 25; Wiesner 1988: 40, 1992: 92, 2020: 95; Cassola 1985: 510; Lorenz 1998: 38, 2005:117; Hua 2002: 5; Werner et al. 2002: 41; Puchkov & Matalin 2003: 115; Shook & Wiesner 2006: 20; Wu & Shook 2010: 90; Wu 2011: 31; Putchkov & Matalin 2017: 245.

Type material. LECTOTYPE, ♂ (designated here)—“Taihorin, Formosa, H. Sauter VI.11“ [printed white label]; “Type!, coll. W Horn” [printed white label with black border]; “ Syntypus ” [typewritten red label]; “ fruhstorferi , sauteri W. Horn , det. Wiesner 86” [typewritten white label]; “Coll. W. Horn, DEI Eberswalde” [printed white label]; “ DEI Müncheberg, Col – 04835” [printed light green label], “ LECTOTYPE, Therates fruhstorferi sauteri W. Horn, 1912 , design. A. Matalin et J. Wiesner, 2016 ” [printed red label] ( SDEI). PARALECTOTYPES (designated here)—1♂ ( DEI Müncheberg, Col – 04833) 1♀ ( DEI Müncheberg, Col – 04829)—labelled as Holotype; 3♂♂ ( DEI Müncheberg, Col – 04822, 04825, 04827) 4♀♀ ( DEI Müncheberg, Col – 04823, 04824, 04826, 04828)—“Taihorin, Formosa, H. Sauter VI.11“ [printed white label]; “ Syntypus ” [printed red label]; “Coll. DEI, Eberswalde” [printed white label], “ PARALECTOTYPE, Therates fruhstorferi sauteri W. Horn, 1912 , design. A. Matalin et J. Wiesner, 2016 ” [printed red label]; 3♂♂ ( DEI Müncheberg, Col – 04830, 04831, 04832)—“Taihorin, Formosa, H. Sauter VI.11“ [printed white label]; “CoType!, coll. W Horn” [handwritten and printed white label with black border]; “Coll. W. Horn, DEI Eberswalde” [printed white label]; “ Syntypus ” [typewritten red label]; “ fruhstorferi , sauteri W. Horn , det. Wiesner 86” [typewritten white label]; “ DEI Müncheberg, Col – 04830” [printed light green label], “ PARALECTOTYPE, Therates fruhstorferi sauteri W. Horn, 1912 , design. A. Matalin et J. Wiesner, 2016 ” [printed red label]; 1♀ —“Taihorin, Formosa, H. Sauter VI.11“ [printed white label]; “Type!, coll. W Horn” [printed white label with black border]; “Coll. W. Horn, DEI Eberswalde” [printed white label]; “ Syntypus ” [typewritten red label]; “ fruhstorferi , sauteri W. Horn , det. Wiesner 86” [typewritten white label]; “ F. ssp., Sauteri, m.” [handwritten light yellow label with black border]; “ DEI Müncheberg, Col – 04834” [printed light green label], “ PARALECTOTYPE, Therates fruhstorferi sauteri W. Horn, 1912 , design. A. Matalin et J. Wiesner, 2016 ” [printed red label] ( SDEI).

Additional material. CHINA, Taiwan : 1♂— Ilan Hsien , Yuanshan Hsiang , Fushan Botanical Garden , 29.5.2004, leg. Tzong-Yeng Lin ( JW); 1♂— Fushan, Ilan Co., Taiwan, VI-13-1997, L.M. Yaung ( JW); 1♀ — Taipei Hsien, Ssuling, Taoyuan, 5. VI .1987, leg. K. La ( JW) .

References. CHINA, Taiwan: 1♂—near Kuangfu, ca. 250 m, 14.V.2001, leg. U. Buchsbaum ( Werner et al. 2002); Wulai ( Wiesner 1988); Hualien Co, Jungyang Mountains, Butterfly Valley, ca. 350 m, S Kuangfu, near Fuiuan, ca. 23 o 35’N 121 o 21’E, 13–15.V.2001, leg. K. Werner (K. Werner, pers. comm.).

Diagnosis. From related T. vitalisi , T. biserratus and T. hunanensis sp. n. this species is clearly distinguished by the shape of antennomeres 9–11 ( Figs 48, 49 vs. Figs 42–47 ), by colouration of hind femora ( Figs 26, 28 vs. Figs 15, 17–19, 21, 22, 24, 25 ), by elytral pattern with only well-developed central dot ( Figs 26, 28 , 109–114 vs. Figs 15, 17–19, 21, 22, 24, 25 , 99–108 ), as well as by the longer aedeagus with long thin apex ( Figs 173, 174 vs. Figs 152–171 ).

Redescription. TL = 10.7–12.9 mm (mean = 11.55 mm, n = 10) in males, 11.5–12.9 mm (mean = 12.16 mm, n = 7) in females.

Head black with light blue-violet reflection; orbital plates indistinctly striated in posterior third; frons slightly elevated in anterior third (see above), slightly downward anteriorly (see at side), frontal sulci deep and slightly convergent in anterior half but shallow and widely divergent in basal half; occiput flat. Mandibles pale-yellow or yellow-reddish with brown teeth and apical molar. Labial palpi pale except brown apical palpomere; two basal palpomeres of maxillary palpi pale, palpomeres 3 and 4 light brown or brown. Antennae barely extend shoulders; scape pale on anterior side and brown-black on posterior side; antennomere 2 brown or dark-brown with lighter apex; antennomeres 3–6 dark-brown with light-brown apical third or brown-black with brown apices; antennomeres 9 and 10 in males with protruding downward anterior lower margins, in females barely dilated anteriorly; antennomere 11 in males slightly dilated with abrupt rough anterior margin ( Fig. 49 ), in females elongated with wide rounded apex ( Fig. 48 ). Labrum as long as wide, LW/LL = 0.93–1.08 (mean = 1.01, n = 17), black-brown with large apical yellow spot unseparated from central apical teeth; apical and lateral teeth red-brown ( Figs 77–80 ).

Pronotum black with bright blue-violet reflection; indistinctly transverse, PW/PL = 1.0–1.1 (mean = 1.04, n = 17), apical lobe practically equal wide throughout; thorax black with violet reflection.

Fore femora pale with dark brown strip on posterior side of knees; middle and hind femora pale with dark brown knees; fore and middle tibiae dark brown with brown basal third or light brown with yellow-brown basal half, hind tibiae black or brown-black with violet tinge; tarsi black with violet tinge, in some specimens tarsomeres 1 and 2 brown-black with black apices; HTbL/HTaL = 1.10–1.20 (mean = 1.15, n = 13).

Elytra black with bright blue-violet reflection, sub-parallel or indistinctly divergent toward apex, EL/EW = 1.86–2.08 (mean = 1.95, n = 17); punctuation deep and regular between humeral hump and central dot, shallow and sparse in apical third; scutellum black with violet tinge; apical margin in males shortly cut, in females angularly rounded. Elytral pattern presented by short slightly oblique pale central dot as well as by very small and indistinct brownish basal portion of humeral lunule (see in front) in some specimens ( Figs 26, 28 , 109–114 ).

Aedeagus with long straight thin apex as well as with short lateral carinae ( Figs 173, 174 ); AL = 2.9–3.2 mm (mean = 3.03, n = 7), EL/AL = 2.27–2.55 mm (mean = 2.41, n = 7).

Distribution. CHINA: Taiwan ( Fig. 184 ).

Key to species of Therates fruhstorferi complex

1(2) Male............................................................................................... 3

2(1) Female............................................................................................ 25

3(4) Apex of aedeagus with lateral carinae ( Figs 152–174 )........................................................ 5

4(3) Apex of aedeagus with lateral carinae ( Figs 115–151 )....................................................... 15

5(6) Elytra shining green, with very small (see in front of) yellow basal portion of humeral lunule invisible dorsally and small trapezoid yellow central dot ( Figs 13 , 97 ). Labrum yellowish with black margins and large black basal spot ( Fig. 62 ). Aedeagus clearly dilated in apical third middle portion ( Fig. 172 )..................................... T. motoensis Tan, 1981

6(5) Elytra shining violet-black or bluish-black with purple lustre, basal portion of humeral lunule large or medium-sized ( Figs 17–19, 24–26, 28 , 100, 103, 106, 107, 109–111 ). Labrum black or brown with large or medium-sized pale apical spot ( Figs 65, 69–71 , 74, 75, 77, 79 ). Aedeagus not dilated in apical third ( Figs 152–171, 173, 174 )............................... 7

7(8) Elytra with four pale dots including apical one ( Figs 24, 25 , 106, 107 )........................................... 9

8(7) Elytra with one–three pale dots, apical dot undeveloped ( Figs 17–19, 26, 28 , 100, 103, 109–111 )..................... 11

9(10) Antennomeres 9 and 10 sharply serrated, antennomere 11 very wide and sharply abrupt anteriorly ( Fig. 44 ). Labrum with medium-sized apical yellow spot narrowly separated from apical teeth ( Fig. 74 ). Elytra wider, EL/EW = 1.87; apical lunule thin and not extend the suture ( Fig. 106 ). Hind tibiae as well as middle and hind tarsi entirely black ( Fig. 24 ). Aedeagus with very small blunt apex ( Fig. 168 ); EL/AL = 2.84...................................... T. biserratus Tan, Mo, Liang, 1991

10(9) Antennomeres 9 and 10 with protruding downward anterior lower margins, antennomere 11 oval with slightly elongated apex ( Fig. 43 ). Labrum with very large apical yellow spot unseparated from apical teeth ( Fig. 75 ). Elytra narrower, EL/EW = 2.03; apical lunule wide and extend the suture ( Fig. 107 ). Hind tibiae yellow or brown except brown-black apices, middle and hind tarsi black except yellow-brown or brown basal tarsomeres ( Fig. 25 ). Aedeagus with slightly elongate and slightly curved apex ( Figs 169–171 ); EL/AL = 2.74............................................................ T. hunanensis sp.n.

11(12) Antennomeres 9 and 10 with downward protruding lower anterior margins, antennomere 11 slightly dilated with abrupt rough anterior margin ( Fig. 49 ). Labrum with large apical yellow spot unseparated from apical teeth ( Figs 77, 79 ). Elytra with very small indistinct basal portion of humeral lunule and relatively short and wide central dot, basal dot undeveloped ( Figs 109–111 ). Hind femora pale with dark brown knees; HTbL/HTaL = 1.15. Aedeagus with long straight thin apex and short lateral carinae ( Figs 173, 174 ); EL/AL = 2.41....................................................... T. sauteri W. Horn, 1912

12(11) Antennomeres 9 and 10 sharply serrated, antennomere 11 sharply dilated with abrupt straight anterior margin ( Fig. 46 ). Labrum with small or medium-sized apical yellow spot clearly separated from apical teeth ( Figs 65, 69–71 ). Elytra with clearly-visible basal portion of humeral lunule, small basal dot entirely reduced in some specimens and slightly oblique central dot ( Figs 100, 103 ). Hind femora black except pale-yellow basal third; HTbL/HTaL = 1.21. Aedeagus with short sharply curved apex and long lateral carinae ( Figs 152–167 ); EL/AL = 2.58....................................... T. vitalisi W. Horn, 1913 (13)

13(14) Labrum indistinctly transverse, LW/LL = 1.04 ( Figs 65, 69, 70 ). Fore and middle femora yellow brown............................................................................................ T. vitalisi vitalisi W. Horn, 1913

14(13) Labrum clearly transverse, LW/LL = 1.14 ( Fig. 71 ). Fore and middle femora red brown........ T. vitalisi ida Mandl, 1954

15(16) Hind tibiae and tarsi partly pale. Apical dot wide and expanded apical margin and nearest apical portion of elytra in one specimens or only as very narrow yellow or brown apical margin, humeral lunule complete or separated on basal and apical portions, in some specimens apical portion virtually invisible or absent, basal dot presented in one specimens or undeveloped in other............................................................ T. fruhstorferi fruhstorferi W. Horn, 1902

16(15) Hind tibiae and tarsi entirely black...................................................................... 17

17(18) Middle tibiae partly pale....................................................... T. fruhstorferi australis ssp. n.

18(17) Middle tibiae entirely black or black-brown............................................................... 19

19(20) Basal dot absent, central dot relatively short virtually transverse; elytral punctuation deep and regular in basal 3/4 except humeral area, in apical quarter shallow and tenuous ( Fig. 96 ). Aedeagus with thin clearly sinuate elongate apex ( Fig. 131 )................................................................................... T. ziyardamensis sp. n.

20(19) Basal dot small, in some specimens virtually invisible or entirely absent, central dot elongate and oblique; elytral punctuation deep and regular between basal humps and central dot then shallow and sparse, apical third virtually smooth ( Figs 81, 83, 84, 87, 88, 90, 91, 94 ). Aedeagus with relatively wide elongate apex ( Figs 115–130, 132–135 ).......................... 21

21(22) Basal dot small, in some specimens virtually invisible or entirely absent. Hind tarsi longer, HTbL/HTaL = 1.18. Aedeagus with shorter indistinctly sinuate apex ( Figs 126–130 )..................................... T. fruhstorferi australis ssp. n.

22(21) Basal dot absent. Hind tarsi shorter, HTbL/HTaL = 1.32. Aedeagus with longer gradually sinuate apex ( Figs 132–135 )................................................................................... T. pseudovitalisi sp. n. (23)

23(24) Antennomere 10 not wider than 11 ( Fig. 37 ). Elytra black-violet with purple lustre; central dot narrower, distinctly oblique ( Figs 90–91 ); EL/AL = 2.62................................................... T. pseudovitalisi pseudovitalisi ssp. n.

24(23) Antennomere 10 wide than 11 ( Fig. 39 ). Elytra black-blue with light violet reflection; central dot wider, transverse with dilated lateral portion ( Fig. 94 ); EL/AL = 2.48........................................... T. pseudovitalisi tibetana ssp. n.

25(26) Humeral lunule complete or separated on basal and apical portions............ T. fruhstorferi fruhstorferi W. Horn, 1902

26(25) Humeral lunule without apical portion................................................................... 27

27(28) Elytra with pale apical dot............................................................................. 29

28(27) Elytra without pale apical dot or with only narrow pale or light brown apical margin............................... 35

29(30) Hind tibiae and tarsi entirely black...................................................................... 31

30(29) Hind tibiae and tarsi partly pale or brownish............................................................... 33

31(32) Larger, TL = 14.5. Labrum transverse, LW/LL = 1.16.............................. T. biserratus Tan, Mo, Liang, 1991

32(31) Smaller, TL = 9.8–12.8. Labrum virtually as wide as length, LW/LL = 1.05...... T. fruhstorferi fruhstorferi W. Horn, 1902

33(34) Apical dot approximately as wide as central dot ( Fig. 108 ). Labrum with very large pale apical spot and narrower apex ( Fig. 76 ).................................................................................. T. hunanensis sp. n.

34(33) Apical dot clearly narrower than central dot ( Figs 82, 85 ). Labrum with medium-sized or small pale apical spot and wider apex ( Figs 51, 53, 55 )..................................................... T. fruhstorferi fruhstorferi W. Horn, 1902

35(36) Elytra shining green, without humeral lunule and basal dot ( Fig. 98 ). Hind tarsi pale except dark apices of all tarsomeres ( Fig. 14 ).............................................................................. T. motoensis Tan, 1981

36(35) Elytra shining violet-black or blue-black with purple lustre, at least with basal portion of humeral lunule.............. 37

37(38) Hind tibiae and tarsi partly pale or brown................................. T. fruhstorferi fruhstorferi W. Horn, 1902

38(37) Hind tibiae and tarsi entirely black, hind tarsi in some specimens with one or two brownish basal tarsomeres........... 39

39(40) Middle tibiae partly pale or brownish in proximal portion. Elytra with narrow pale or brown apical margins............ 41

40(39) Middle tibiae black or brown-black. Elytra with black apical margins........................................... 47

41(42) Antennomeres 9–10 slightly dilated and just a little wider than 8 one ( Figs 29, 31, 33, 36, 38 )....................... 45

42(41) Antennomeres 9–10 distinctly dilated and clearly wider than 8 one ( Figs 45, 47 )............ T. vitalisi W. Horn, 1913 (43)

43(44) Labrum with relatively small yellow apical spot ( Figs 66, 68 ), in some specimens entirely black ( Fig. 67 ). Fore and middle femora pale-yellow.......................................................... T. vitalisi vitalisi W. Horn, 1913

44(43) Labrum with medium-sized yellow apical spot ( Fig. 72 ). Fore and middle femora red-brown..... T. vitalisi ida Mandl, 1954

45(46) Basal portion of humeral lunule and basal dot present, in some specimens basal dot small and poorly visible, rarely entirely absent. Labrum with wider apex ( Figs 51, 53, 55 ).......................... T. fruhstorferi fruhstorferi W. Horn, 1902

46(45) Basal portion of humeral lunule and basal dot absent, rarely shoulders with very small indistinct brownish area. Labrum with narrower apex ( Figs 78, 80 ).......................................................... T. sauteri W. Horn, 1912

47(48) Antennomere 9 with rounded while antennomere 10 with indistinctly protruding downward lower anterior margin ( Fig. 33 ). Elytra with narrower apices ( Fig. 89 ). Hind tibiae longer, HTbL/HTaL = 1.19............. T. fruhstorferi australis ssp. n.

48(47) Antennomeres 9 and 10 with lower anterior margins clearly protruding downward ( Figs 36, 38 ). Elytra with wider apices ( Figs 92, 93, 95 ). Hind tibiae shorter, HTbL/HTaL = 1.29..................................... T. pseudovitalisi sp. n. (49)

49(50) Labrum entirely black ( Fig. 59 ). Central dot narrow and distinctly oblique ( Figs 92, 93 )................................................................................................. T. pseudovitalisi pseudovitalisi ssp. nov.

50(49) Labrum black-brown with small indistinctly visible brown spot in anterior third ( Fig. 61 ). Central dot practically transverse with clearly dilated lateral portion ( Fig. 95 )....................................... T. pseudovitalisi tibetana ssp. n.

Figures

FIGURES 184. Distribution of Therates spp.: dark blue solid circle—T. vitalisi vitalisi; dark blue half-solid circle—T. vitalisi ida; lilac solid circle—T. hunnanensis sp. n.; orange solid circle—T. biserratus; pink solid circle—T. motoensis; red open circle—T. sauteri; red solid quadrat—T. fruhstorferi fruhstorferi; red half-solid quadrat—T. fruhstorferi australis ssp. n.; blue solid quadrat—T. ziyardamensis sp. n.; green solid quadrat—T. pseudovitalisi sp. n. (nominotypical subspecies); green halfsolid quadrat—T. pseudovitalisi tibetana ssp. n.; L in the symbols—according only to the literature sources. Map source— https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:East_Asia_topographic_map.png.

FIGURES 15–28. Therates spp., habitus: 15–18—T. vitalisi vitalisi (15, 16—Vietnam, Lao Cai; 17—Vietnam, Fan Si Pan Mnt; 18—Vietnam, Sa Pa); 19–21—T. vitalisi ida (China, Kuatun); 22–24—T. biserratus (22, 23—China, Yinjiang County; 24—China, Fanjing Shan-Kuaichang); 25—T. hunnanensis sp. n. (China, Shunhuangshan); 26–28—T. sauteri (26, 27—China, Tiawan, Taihorin; 28—China, Taiwan, Ilan Hsien); 17–20, 24–28—males; 15, 16, 21–23 —females; 15, 16, 19, 20, 25— holotypes; 22, 23—paratype; 26, 27—lectotype; 15, 17–19, 21, 22, 24–26, 28—habitus; 16, 20, 23, 27—type labels.

FIGURES 29–49. Therates spp., left antennomeres 6–11: 29–32—T. fruhstorferi fruhstorferi (29, 30 – Vietnam, Na Hang; 31, 32 – Laos, Ban Nape); 33, 34—T. fruhstorferi australis ssp. n. (33—Vietnam, Kon Ka Kinh N.P.; 34—Vietnam, Pak Khe River); 35—T. ziyardamensis sp. n. (Myanmar, Zi Yar Dam); 36, 37—T. pseudovitalisi pseudovitalisi ssp. n. (36—Laos, Ban Song Cha; 37—Laos, Ban Bun Neua); 38, 39—T. pseudovitalisi tibetana ssp. nov. (China, Xia-Cha-Yu); 40, 41—T. motoensis (China, Hanmi); 42, 43—T. hunnanensis sp. n. (China, Shunhuangshan); 44—T. biserratus (China, Fanjing Shan-Kuaichang); 45, 46—T. vitalisi vitalisi (Vietnam, Xuan Son N.P.); 47—T. vitalisi ida (China, Fukien); 48, 49—T. sauteri (48—China, Taiwan, Taipei Hsien; 49—China, Taiwan, Ilan Hsien); 30, 32, 34, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 44, 46, 49—males; 29, 31, 33, 36, 38, 40, 42, 45, 47, 48—females; 33, 35, 37, 39, 41—holotypes; 34, 36, 38, 42—paratypes. Without scales.

FIGURES 73–80. Therates spp. labrum: 73, 74—T. biserratus (73—China, Yinjiang County; 74—China, Fanjing Shan- Kuaichang); 75, 76—T. hunnanensis sp. n. (China, Shunhuangshan); 77–80—T. sauteri (77, 78 —China, Taiwan, Taihorin; 79—China, Taiwan, Ilan Hsien; 80—China, Taiwan, Taipei Hsien); 74, 75, 77, 79—males; 73, 76, 78, 80—females; 75— holotype; 73, 76—paratype; 77, 78—paralectotypes.

FIGURES 99–114. Therates spp., left elytron: 99–102—T. vitalisi vitalisi (99 —Vietnam, Lao Cai; 100, 101—Vietnam, Sa Pa; 102—Laos, 15 km NW Louang Namtha); 103, 104—T. vitalisi ida (China, Kuatun); 105, 106—T. biserratus (105— China, Yinjiang County; 106—China, Fanjing Shan-Kuaichang); 107, 108—T. hunnanensis sp. n. (China, Shunhuangshan); 109–114—T. sauteri (109, 110, 112, 113—China, Taiwan, Taihorin; 111—China, Taiwan, Ilan Hsien; 114—China, Taiwan, Taipei Hsien); 100, 103, 106, 107, 109–111—males; 99, 101, 102, 104, 105, 108, 112–114—females; 99, 103, 107— holotypes; 105, 108—paratypes; 109, 110, 112, 113—paralectotypes

FIGURES 152–174. Therates spp., aedeagus: 152–166—T. vitalisi vitalisi (152, 153—Vietnam, Xuan Son N.P.; 154— Vietnam, Sa Pa; 155, 156—Laos, Ban Nape—Kaev Nua pass; 157–163—Laos, 15–20 km NW Louang Namtha; 164, 165— Laos, 8 km NE Ban Nape; 166—Laos, Thong Khan); 167—T. vitalisi ida (China, Kuatun); 168—T. biserratus (China, Fanjing Shan-Kuaichang); 169–171—T. hunnanensis sp. n. (China, Shunhuangshan); 172—T. motoensis (China, Hanmi); 173, 174—T. sauteri (173—China, Taiwan, Taihorin; 174—China, Taiwan, Ilan Hsien); 167, 169—holotypes; 170, 171—paratypes; 173— lectotype; 152—dorsal view; 153–174—left lateral view; ac—apical carinae; sp—spring; fl—flagellum. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 115–135. Therates spp., aedeagus: 115–125—T. fruhstorderi fruhstorferi (115, 116—Vietnam, Vietnam, Montes Mouson; 117–121—Vietnam, Xuan Son N.P.; 122, 123—Vietnam, Tam Dao; 124—Laos, Ban Nape; 125—Laos, Ban Nape— Kaev Nua pass); 126–130—T. fruhstorferi australis ssp. n. (126—Vietnam, Kon Ka Kinh N.P.; 127—Vietnam, Gia Lai; 128— Vietnam, Ngok Boc I Mt.; 129, 130—Vietnam, song Thanh N.P.); 131—T. ziyardamensis sp. n. (Myanmar, Zi Yar Dam); 132– 134—T. pseudovitalisi pseudovitalisi ssp. n. (132—Laos, Ban Song Cha; 133, 134—Laos, 17 km NEE Oudom Xai); 135—T. pseudovitalisi tibetana ssp. n. (China, Xia-Cha-Yu); 115—lectotype; 116—paralectotype; 126, 131, 132, 135—holotypes; 127–130, 133, 134—paratypes; 117—dorsal view; 115, 116, 118–135—left lateral view. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 136–151. Therates fruhstorferi fruhstorferi, variability of aedeagus, left lateral view: 136–143—Vietnam, Phu Tho Province, ~90 km W of Hanoi, Xuan Son Nat. Park, h = 400–700 m, 21o07’01’’N 104o56’39’’E, 6–15.VI.2014; 144–151— Vietnam, Vinh Phu Province, Tam Dao, different years (144, 145—3–11.VI.1985; 146—27.V–2.VI.1986; 147—2–11.VI.1989; 148—6–10.V.1990; 149—12.VI.1994; 150, 151—9–19.V.1996). Scales in mm.

FIGURES 1–14. Therates spp., habitus: 1–6—T. fruhstorferi fruhstorferi (1–3—Vietnam, Montes Mouson; 4—Vietnam, Na Hang; 5—Vietnam, Tam Dao; 6—Laos, Ban Nape); 7, 8—T. fruhstorferi australis ssp. n. (Vietnam, Kon Ka Kinh); 9, 10—T. pseudovitalisi sp. n. (9—Laos, Bang Son Cha; 10—Laos, Ban Bun Neua); 11—T. pseudovitalisi tibetana ssp. n. (China, Xia- Cha-Yu); 12—T. ziyardamensis sp. n. (Myanmar, Zi Yar Dam); 13, 14—T. motoensis (China, Hanmi); 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9–13— males; 3, 6, 8, 14—females; 1, 2—lectotype; 3—paralectotype; 7, 9, 11, 12—holotypes; 8, 10—paratypes; 1, 3–14—habitus; 2—type labels.

FIGURES 81–98. Therates spp., left elytron: 81–87—T. fruhstorferi fruhtorferi (81, 82—Vietnam, Montes Mauson; 83— Vietnam, Na Hang; 84—Vietnam, Pu Hoat N.P.; 85—Vietnam, Tam Dao; 86—Laos, Ban Nape—Kaev Nua Pass; 87—Laos, Ban Nape); 88, 89—T. fruhstorferi australis ssp. n. (88—Vietnam, Kon Ka Kinh N.P.; 89—Vietnam, Pak Khe River); 90– 93—T. pseudovitalisi pseudovitalisi ssp. n. (90, 93—Laos, Ban Song Cha; 91—Laos, Ban Bun Neua; 92—Laos, Oudom Xai); 94, 95—T. pseudovitalisi tibetana ssp. n. (China, Xia-Cha-Yu); 96—T. ziyardamensis sp. n. (Myanmar, Zi Yar Dam); 97, 98—T. motoensis (China, Hanmi); 81, 83, 84, 87, 88, 90, 91, 94, 96, 97—males; 82, 85, 86, 89, 92, 93, 95, 98—females; 81, 82—paralectotypes; 88, 90, 94, 96—holotypes; 89, 91–93, 95—paratype.

FIGURES 58–64. Therates spp., labrum: 58, 59—T. pseudovitalisi pseudovitalisi ssp. n. (58—Laos, Ban Song Cha; 59— Laos, Ban Bun Neua); 60, 61—T. pseudovitalisi tibetana ssp. n. (China, Xia-Cha-Yu); 62, 63—T. motoensis (China, Hanmi); 64—T. ziyardamensis sp. n. (Myanmar, Zi Yar Dam); 58, 60, 62, 64—males; 59, 61, 63—females; 58, 60, 64—holotypes; 59, 61—paratypes.

FIGURES 65–72. Therates vitalisi ssp. labrum: 65–70—T. vitalisi vitalisi (65, 67—Vietnam, Sa Pa; 66—Vietnam, Lao Cai; 68—Laos, 15 km NW of Louang Namtha; 69—Vietnam, Pu Hoat N.P.; 70—Vietnam, Xuan Lien N.P.); 71, 72—T. vitalisi ida (China, Fukien); 65, 69–71—males; 66–68, 72—females; 66, 71—holotypes; 72 – paratype.

FIGURES 50–57. Therates fruhstorferi ssp., labrum: 50–55—T. fruhstorferi fruhstorferi (50, 51—Vietnam, Montes Mauson; 52—Vietnam, Na Hang; 53—Vietnam, Tam Dao; 54, 55—Laos, Ban Nape); 56, 57—T. fruhstorferi australis ssp. n. (56—Vietnam, Kon Ka Kinh N.P.; 57—Vietnam, Pak Khe River); 50, 52, 54, 56—males; 51, 53, 55, 57—females; 50, 51—paralectotypes; 56—holotype; 57—paratype.