Therates vitalisi W. Horn, 1913

Matalin, Andrey V. & Wiesner, Jürgen, 2023, Revision of the Therates fruhstorferi complex (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae), Zootaxa 5256 (5), pp. 401-433 : 410-413

Therates vitalisi W. Horn, 1913

Figs 15–18 , 45, 46 , 65–70 , 99–102 , 152–166 .

Therates vitalisi W. Horn, 1913: 363 (Type locality— Lao Kay , Tonkin).

Therates vitalisi W. Horn, 1913 — Horn 1915: 439; Matalin 2014: 300; Wiesner & Geiser 2016: 88; Putchkov & Matalin 2017: 245; Wiesner et al. 2017: 40 ; Wiesner 2020: 95.

Therates fruhstorferi vitalisi W. Horn, 1913 — Horn 1926: 114, 1929: 19; Wiesner 1988: 40, 1992: 92; Cassola 1985: 510; Lorenz 1998: 38, 2005: 117; Sawada & Wiesner 1999a: 36, 1999b: 69, 2002: 84, 2004: 263; Hua 2002: 5; Puchkov & Matalin 2003: 115; Shook & Wiesner 2006: 20; Shook & Wu 2007: 68; Wu & Shook 2007: 39, 2010: 90; Wu 2011: 31.

Therates biserratus Tan , et al. 1991— Tan & Ma 2004: 272.

Type material. HOLOTYPE, ♀ (by monotypy)—“ Lao Kay , Tonkin, 3-5.13, Vitalis“ [hand-written white label], “Type, coll. W Horn ” [printed red label], “Coll. DEI, Eberswalde” [printed white label]; “ vitalisi, Horn ” [handwritten white label]; “ Syntypus ” [printed red label]; “ fruhstorferi , vitalisi W. Horn , det. Wiesner 86” [printed white label]; “ Coll. W. Horn, DEI Eberswalde” [printed white label]; “ F. Vitalisi ssp. mihi ” [hand-written white label]; “ DEI Müncheberg, Col – 04819” [printed light green label] ( SDEI).

Addition material. CHINA, Sichuan Prov.: 4♂♂ 3♀♀ — Liangshan, Meigu, Bapu Town , 1995 m, 29.7.2022, coll. Li Yingbing ( XX) ; Hunan Prov.: 1♀ — Chengbu County, [Shaoyang], Mt Nan-Shan-Ding, 1– 10.08.2006, Li Jingke ( JW) ; Yunnan Prov.: 1♀ —[Pu'er = Simao], Jinggu county, Mt Longtanshan , 1– 20.06.2009 ( JW) ; VIETNAM, Lao Cai Prov.: 1♂ 2♀♀ —Hoang Lien Son Mnt. Range, Hoang Lien Son Nat. Res., Sa Pa vill. env., h = 1250–1300 m, 22 o 20’N 103 o 50’E, 4.VI.1998, leg. A. Napolov ( AN, MSPU); 2♀♀ —mountains near Sa-Pa, 1600–2000 m, 7– 11.8.1962, leg. Kabakov ( ZIN); 1♂ 1♀ — ibid, 1600–1800 m, 4.6.1963, leg. Kabakov ( ZIN); 1♂ — Tonkin , Chapa, Jeanvoine, coll. Klynstra ( SDEI); 1♂ 1♀ — Fan Si Pan Mnt., h = 2380 m, 20.V.1994, leg. V. Sinyaev ( PU) ; Yen Bai Prov.: 1♀ —Yen Bai, 8.2020 (AA) ; Phu Tho Prov.: 5♂♂ 2♀♀ — 90 km W of Hanoi, Xuan Son Nat. Park , h = 400–700 m, 21 o 07’01’’N 104 o 56’39’’E, 6– 15.VI.2014, leg. D. Fedorenko ( SIEE, MSPU); 4♂♂ 1♀ — ibid, h = 400–470m, 21 o 07’52’’N 104 o 57’07’’E, 6– 15.VI.2014, leg. D. Fedorenko ( SIEE, MSPU) ; Hoa Binh Prov.: 1♀ — Mai Chau distr., Pa Co, Xa Linh , h =1120 m, 20 o 44’N 104 o 55’E, 22–24.IV.2002, leg. S. Belokobylsky ( ZIN) ; Thanh Hoa Prov.: 1♂ 2♀♀ —Ban Vin env., Xuan Lien Natn. Park , h ~ 900 m, 19 o 58’45’’N 104 o 58’13’’E, 2– 11.VI.2022, leg. D. Fedorenko ( SIEE, MSPU) ; Nghe An Prov.: 3♂♂ 3♀♀ — Que Phong distr., Pu Hoat National Park , h = 840 m, 19 o 45’19’’N 104 o 47’47’’E, 15– 27.V.2019, leg. D. Fedorenko ( SIEE, MSPU) ; Quang Binh Prov.: 1♀ —Phong Nha-Ke Bang N.P., Bo Trach , h ~ 555 m, 17 o 26’24’’N 106 o 19’59’’E, 12– 21.V.2022, leg. D. Fedorenko ( SIEE) ; LAOS, Luang Namtha Prov.: 1♀ — Nam Long , 23.IV.1918, R. Vitalis de Salvaza ( SDEI); 1♂ 1♀ — 20 km NW Louang Namtha, 900–1100 m, 21 o 09.2’N 101 o 18.7’E, 5– 30.V.1997, leg. C. Holzschuh, E. Jendek, O. Šauša ( JW); 2♂♂ 1♀ — ibid, alt. 900±100 m, leg. E. Jendek & O. Šauša ( JW); 7♂♂ 3♀♀ — 15 km NW Louang Namtha, 21 o 07.5’N 101 o 21.0’E, alt. 750±100 m, 13– 24.V.1997, leg. E. Jendek & O. Šauša ( JW) ; Luang Prabang Prov.: 2♂♂ 2♀♀ — Thong Khan , ~ 750m, 19 o 35’N 101 o 58’E, 11– 21.V.2002, leg. Vit Kubaň ( JW) ; Bolikhamsai Prov.: 6♂♂ 5♀♀ — Ban Nape—Kaev Nua Pass, 18 o 23.3’N 105 o 09.1’E ( GPS), alt. 600±100 m, 18.4– 1.5.1998, leg. E. Jendek & O. Šauša ( JW); 4♂♂ 9♀♀ — Ban Nape (8 km NE), 18 o 21’N 105 o 08’E, ~ 600 m, 1– 18.5.2001, leg. Vit Kubaň & P. Pacholátko ( JW) .

References. CHINA, Guangxi Prov.: Shangsi Hongai Forest Farm, 350 m, 29.V.1999 ( Tan & Ma 2004 —as T. biserratus ); Yunnan Prov.: Wenshan, Funing County, Hongmu Dashan, 1885 m, 24.VII.2006 ( Shook & Wu 2007); VIETNAM, Phu Tho Prov.: 1♂—Xuan Son National Park, 500 m (at light), 18–20.VI.2012, L. Bartolozzi, S. Bambi, F. Fabiano, E. Orbach; Vinh Phuc Prov.: 1♂ 1♀ —Tam Dao Dist., Tam Dao National Park, 21 o 47’52”N 105 o 63’00”E, 950 m, 1–3.VI.2013, E. Orbach; Hoa Binh Prov., 1♂—Mai Chau Dist., Pa Co Hang Kia Nature Reserve, 22 o 74’12”N 104 o 93’95” E, 970 m, 8–12.VI.2013, E. Orbach (all Wiesner et al. 2017); LAOS, Luangnamtha Prov.: 1 ♂—Namtha → Muang Sing, 21 o 09’N 101 o 19’E, 900–1200 m, 5–31.V.1997, leg. V. Kubán ( Sawada & Wiesner 1999b; Wiesner & Geiser 2016); Savannakhet Prov., Ban Samang ( Wiesner 1988).

Diagnosis. Therates vitalisi is easily distinguished from T. fruhstorferi , T. pseudovitalisi sp. n. and T. ziyardamensis sp. n. by the apex of aedeagus with lateral carinae ( Figs 152–166 vs. Figs 115–151 ). From T. sauteri , T. biserratus , T. hunanensis sp. n. and T. motoensis it is recognised by the shape of antennomeres 8–11 of male ( Figs 45, 46 vs. Figs 40–44, 48, 49 ), and by the shape of aedeagus ( Figs 152–167 vs. Figs 168–174 ). Moreover, from T. biserratus and T. hunanensis sp. n. this species is distinguished by the absence of an apical dot ( Figs 15, 17–19, 21 , 99–102 vs. Figs 22, 24, 25 , 105–108 ), from T. sauteri and T. hunanensis sp. n. —by labral yellow spot distinctly separated from central apical teeth ( Figs 65–70 vs. Figs 75–80 ), from T. hunanensis sp. n. —by black hind tibiae and tarsi ( Figs 15, 17–19, 21 vs. Fig. 25 ).

Redescription. TL = 11.0– 12.6 mm in males (mean = 11.78 mm, n = 30), 11.0– 13.3 mm (mean 12.44 mm, n = 29) in females.

Head shining black-blue with violet reflection; orbital plates smooth or indistinctly striated in posterior third; frons semi-circular (see above), slightly downward anteriorly (see at side), smooth or shallowly transverse striated, frontal sulci deep, semi-circular and slightly convergent in anterior 2/3, very shallow and distinctly divergent in posterior third; occiput slightly concave in anterior margin. Mandibles in males brown underside, pale-yellow topside with light-brown teeth and apical molar; in females dark-brown except pale basal half of topside. Apical and basal labial palpomeres brown, palpomeres 2 and 3 pale-yellow; maxillary palpi brown with dark brown apical palpomere and yellow-brown palpomere 2. Antennae do not extend posteriorly to the shoulders, scape pale on anterior side and brown-black on posterior side; antennomeres 2–5 black with indistinctly violet tinge and light brown apices, antennomeres 8–10 in males with protruding downward lower anterior margins, antennomeres 9 and 10 sharply serrated, antennomere 11 sharply dilated with abrupt straight anterior margin ( Fig. 46 ); in females less dilated with slightly protruding margins ( Fig. 45 ). Labrum indistinctly transverse, LW/LL = 1.0–1.08 (mean = 1.04, n = 59), black-brown with medium-sized yellow apical spot clearly separated from central apical teeth ( Figs 65, 69, 70 ), in some specimens, mostly in females, weakly visible ( Figs 66, 68 ) or entirely absent ( Fig. 67 ).

Pronotum shining blue with violet reflection; indistinctly transverse, PW/PL = 1.0–1.1 (mean = 1.03, n = 59), glabrous and smooth, in some specimens finely short-striated, apical lobe equally wide throughout; thorax shining blue with violet reflection.

Fore and middle femora yellow-brown with violet-tinged top side; hind femora red-brown in basal third and black with violet tinge in apical 2/3, in some specimens middle and hind femora coloured identically; fore and middle tibiae especially in males light yellow-brown with dark-brown apices and lateral inner margin with blueviolet lustre, or dark-brown with black apices, or entirely black especially in females; hind tibiae entirely black with violet tinge; tarsi black with violet tinge; HTbL/HTaL = 1.13–1.3 (mean = 1.21, n = 59).

Elytra black-blue with purple-violet reflection; sub-parallel or indistinctly divergent toward apex, EL/EW = 1.86–2.14 (mean = 2.01, n = 59); punctuation deep and regular between basal humps and central dot, in apical quarter shallow and sparse; scutellum black with blue tinge; apical margin shortly cut. Elytral pattern presented by yellow basal portion of humeral lunule, small or very small basal dot ( Figs 17, 18 , 100 ) entirely reduced in some specimens ( Figs 15 , 99, 101, 102 ) as well as elongate slightly oblique wide-uniformed or slightly dilated in lateral portion central dot ( Figs 15, 17, 18 , 99–101 ), very thin in some specimens ( Fig. 102 ).

Aedeagus in most specimens with short clearly curved blunt apex ( Figs 153–164 ) and distinct lateral carinae ( Figs 152–166 ), rarely apex indistinctly curved ( Fig. 166 ) or virtually straight ( Fig. 165 ); AL = 2.6–3.1 mm (mean = 2.87, n = 30), EL/AL = 2.42–2.73 mm (mean = 2.58, n = 30).

Distribution. CHINA: Sichuan, Hunan, Guangxi, Yunnan Provinces; VIETNAM: Lao Cai, Yen Bai, Phu Tho, Vinh Phuc, Hoa Binh, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Quang Binh Provinces; LAOS: Luang Namtha, Luang Prabang, Bolikhamsai, Savannakhet Provinces ( Fig. 184 ).

Figures

FIGURES 184. Distribution of Therates spp.: dark blue solid circle—T. vitalisi vitalisi; dark blue half-solid circle—T. vitalisi ida; lilac solid circle—T. hunnanensis sp. n.; orange solid circle—T. biserratus; pink solid circle—T. motoensis; red open circle—T. sauteri; red solid quadrat—T. fruhstorferi fruhstorferi; red half-solid quadrat—T. fruhstorferi australis ssp. n.; blue solid quadrat—T. ziyardamensis sp. n.; green solid quadrat—T. pseudovitalisi sp. n. (nominotypical subspecies); green halfsolid quadrat—T. pseudovitalisi tibetana ssp. n.; L in the symbols—according only to the literature sources. Map source— https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:East_Asia_topographic_map.png.

FIGURES 15–28. Therates spp., habitus: 15–18—T. vitalisi vitalisi (15, 16—Vietnam, Lao Cai; 17—Vietnam, Fan Si Pan Mnt; 18—Vietnam, Sa Pa); 19–21—T. vitalisi ida (China, Kuatun); 22–24—T. biserratus (22, 23—China, Yinjiang County; 24—China, Fanjing Shan-Kuaichang); 25—T. hunnanensis sp. n. (China, Shunhuangshan); 26–28—T. sauteri (26, 27—China, Tiawan, Taihorin; 28—China, Taiwan, Ilan Hsien); 17–20, 24–28—males; 15, 16, 21–23 —females; 15, 16, 19, 20, 25— holotypes; 22, 23—paratype; 26, 27—lectotype; 15, 17–19, 21, 22, 24–26, 28—habitus; 16, 20, 23, 27—type labels.

FIGURES 29–49. Therates spp., left antennomeres 6–11: 29–32—T. fruhstorferi fruhstorferi (29, 30 – Vietnam, Na Hang; 31, 32 – Laos, Ban Nape); 33, 34—T. fruhstorferi australis ssp. n. (33—Vietnam, Kon Ka Kinh N.P.; 34—Vietnam, Pak Khe River); 35—T. ziyardamensis sp. n. (Myanmar, Zi Yar Dam); 36, 37—T. pseudovitalisi pseudovitalisi ssp. n. (36—Laos, Ban Song Cha; 37—Laos, Ban Bun Neua); 38, 39—T. pseudovitalisi tibetana ssp. nov. (China, Xia-Cha-Yu); 40, 41—T. motoensis (China, Hanmi); 42, 43—T. hunnanensis sp. n. (China, Shunhuangshan); 44—T. biserratus (China, Fanjing Shan-Kuaichang); 45, 46—T. vitalisi vitalisi (Vietnam, Xuan Son N.P.); 47—T. vitalisi ida (China, Fukien); 48, 49—T. sauteri (48—China, Taiwan, Taipei Hsien; 49—China, Taiwan, Ilan Hsien); 30, 32, 34, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 44, 46, 49—males; 29, 31, 33, 36, 38, 40, 42, 45, 47, 48—females; 33, 35, 37, 39, 41—holotypes; 34, 36, 38, 42—paratypes. Without scales.

FIGURES 65–72. Therates vitalisi ssp. labrum: 65–70—T. vitalisi vitalisi (65, 67—Vietnam, Sa Pa; 66—Vietnam, Lao Cai; 68—Laos, 15 km NW of Louang Namtha; 69—Vietnam, Pu Hoat N.P.; 70—Vietnam, Xuan Lien N.P.); 71, 72—T. vitalisi ida (China, Fukien); 65, 69–71—males; 66–68, 72—females; 66, 71—holotypes; 72 – paratype.

FIGURES 99–114. Therates spp., left elytron: 99–102—T. vitalisi vitalisi (99 —Vietnam, Lao Cai; 100, 101—Vietnam, Sa Pa; 102—Laos, 15 km NW Louang Namtha); 103, 104—T. vitalisi ida (China, Kuatun); 105, 106—T. biserratus (105— China, Yinjiang County; 106—China, Fanjing Shan-Kuaichang); 107, 108—T. hunnanensis sp. n. (China, Shunhuangshan); 109–114—T. sauteri (109, 110, 112, 113—China, Taiwan, Taihorin; 111—China, Taiwan, Ilan Hsien; 114—China, Taiwan, Taipei Hsien); 100, 103, 106, 107, 109–111—males; 99, 101, 102, 104, 105, 108, 112–114—females; 99, 103, 107— holotypes; 105, 108—paratypes; 109, 110, 112, 113—paralectotypes

FIGURES 152–174. Therates spp., aedeagus: 152–166—T. vitalisi vitalisi (152, 153—Vietnam, Xuan Son N.P.; 154— Vietnam, Sa Pa; 155, 156—Laos, Ban Nape—Kaev Nua pass; 157–163—Laos, 15–20 km NW Louang Namtha; 164, 165— Laos, 8 km NE Ban Nape; 166—Laos, Thong Khan); 167—T. vitalisi ida (China, Kuatun); 168—T. biserratus (China, Fanjing Shan-Kuaichang); 169–171—T. hunnanensis sp. n. (China, Shunhuangshan); 172—T. motoensis (China, Hanmi); 173, 174—T. sauteri (173—China, Taiwan, Taihorin; 174—China, Taiwan, Ilan Hsien); 167, 169—holotypes; 170, 171—paratypes; 173— lectotype; 152—dorsal view; 153–174—left lateral view; ac—apical carinae; sp—spring; fl—flagellum. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 115–135. Therates spp., aedeagus: 115–125—T. fruhstorderi fruhstorferi (115, 116—Vietnam, Vietnam, Montes Mouson; 117–121—Vietnam, Xuan Son N.P.; 122, 123—Vietnam, Tam Dao; 124—Laos, Ban Nape; 125—Laos, Ban Nape— Kaev Nua pass); 126–130—T. fruhstorferi australis ssp. n. (126—Vietnam, Kon Ka Kinh N.P.; 127—Vietnam, Gia Lai; 128— Vietnam, Ngok Boc I Mt.; 129, 130—Vietnam, song Thanh N.P.); 131—T. ziyardamensis sp. n. (Myanmar, Zi Yar Dam); 132– 134—T. pseudovitalisi pseudovitalisi ssp. n. (132—Laos, Ban Song Cha; 133, 134—Laos, 17 km NEE Oudom Xai); 135—T. pseudovitalisi tibetana ssp. n. (China, Xia-Cha-Yu); 115—lectotype; 116—paralectotype; 126, 131, 132, 135—holotypes; 127–130, 133, 134—paratypes; 117—dorsal view; 115, 116, 118–135—left lateral view. Scale bars in mm.

FIGURES 136–151. Therates fruhstorferi fruhstorferi, variability of aedeagus, left lateral view: 136–143—Vietnam, Phu Tho Province, ~90 km W of Hanoi, Xuan Son Nat. Park, h = 400–700 m, 21o07’01’’N 104o56’39’’E, 6–15.VI.2014; 144–151— Vietnam, Vinh Phu Province, Tam Dao, different years (144, 145—3–11.VI.1985; 146—27.V–2.VI.1986; 147—2–11.VI.1989; 148—6–10.V.1990; 149—12.VI.1994; 150, 151—9–19.V.1996). Scales in mm.

FIGURES 73–80. Therates spp. labrum: 73, 74—T. biserratus (73—China, Yinjiang County; 74—China, Fanjing Shan- Kuaichang); 75, 76—T. hunnanensis sp. n. (China, Shunhuangshan); 77–80—T. sauteri (77, 78 —China, Taiwan, Taihorin; 79—China, Taiwan, Ilan Hsien; 80—China, Taiwan, Taipei Hsien); 74, 75, 77, 79—males; 73, 76, 78, 80—females; 75— holotype; 73, 76—paratype; 77, 78—paralectotypes.