Stigmatonotum Lindberg, 1927

Ban, Teruaki, 2023, A new species of the genus Stigmatonotum (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Rhyparochromidae) from Japan, with notes on related species from the East Palaearctic and Oriental Regions, Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 63 (2), pp. 265-278 : 266-268

Genus Stigmatonotum Lindberg, 1927

Stigmatonotum Lindberg, 1927: 9–10 (new genus). Type species by original designation: Stigmatonotum sparsum Lindberg, 1927 (= Plociomerus rufipes Motschulsky, 1866 )

Stigmatonotum : SCUDDER (1962): 772 (generic position); SLATER (1964): 1180 –1181 (world catalogue); MALI ඉATIL (1978):21–25, 108–111 (redescription, illustrations of male and female genitalia); HARRINGTON (1980):89 –90 (redescription, new combination,key to genus); ZHENG & ZOU (1981b): 163 –165 (fauna of China); SLATER & ZHENG (1985): 13 –25 (world revision); SLATER & O’DONNELL (1995): 163 –164 (world catalogue); PḖRICART (2001):179–180 (Palaearctic catalogue); CASSIS & GROSS (2002): 326 –327 (Australian catalogue); AUKEMA et al. (2013): 388 (Palaearctic catalogue, supplement series); DELLAඉḖ & HENRY (2022) (bibliography of the genus).

Differential diagnosis. This genus is recognized among Myodochini genera by the following combination of characters: Body length 2.9 to 5.0 mm; head dark brown to black; buccular junction V-shaped; labium reaching at least anterior portion of mesocoxae; labial segment I not attaining base of head; anterior pronotal collar distinctly punctate, not delimited posteriorly by a deeply impressed groove; transversal impression between anterior lobe of pronotum and posterior lobe of pronotum present; apex of scutellum with white spot; row of corial punctures along membranal margin distinctly or vestigially present; profemur relatively slender, armed with at least 1 small spine; male protibia not armed with spine; phallus slender; endophallic reservoir with well-developed wings; conjunctiva and vesica usually unadorned; conjunctival spine absent; holding sclerites slender ( HARRINGTON 1980).

Stigmatonotum geniculatum ( Motschulsky, 1863) [Japanese name: Ichigo-chibi-nagakamemushi]

( Fig. 1 )

Plociomerus geniculatus Motschulsky, 1863: 81 (original description). Lectotype: J, Sri Lanka, Colombo (ZMUM).

Plociomerus geniculatus (selected references): STÂL (1874):167 (listed); KIRBY (1891): 149 (catalogue); LETHIERRY & SEVERIN (1894): 232 (catalogue).

Pamera geniculata : DISTANT (1904): 54 (redescription); DISTANT (1918): 191 (redescription); BERGROTH (1921): 100 (redescription).

Pachybrachius geniculatus : SLATER (1964): 1126 (catalogue).

Stigmatonotum geniculatum (selected references): HARRINGTON (1980): 89 (transferred from Pachybrachius ); SLATER & ZHENG (1985):21 –23 (redescription,biological note, synonymy,key to species, illustrations of male genitalia); SLATER & O’DONNELL (1995): 163 –164 (world catalogue); PḖRICART (2001): 179–180 (Palaearctic catalogue); CASSIS & GROSS (2002):326 –327 (catalogue from Australian Region); YANG (2007): 88, 95 (description and illustration of male genitalia); TOMO- KUNI (2010): 19, 21 (fauna of Borneo, listed); ISHIKAWA & TOMOKUNI (2012): 352 (photo, diagnosis, distribution); YANO et al. (2012): 91 –92 (listed); ISHIKAWA et al. (2015): 11 , 60 (listed); NAGASHIMA et al. (2015): 40 (listed); NOZAKI et al. (2015): 27 (listed); ISHIKAWA (2016):466 (listed, distribution); NOZAKI et al. (2016): 86–87 (listed); OKUDA (2020):46 (listed); SHINKAI et al. (2020): 78 (listed); DELLAඉḖ & HENRY (2022) (bibliography)

Plociomera japonica Distant, 1883: 437 (original description). Lectotype: ♀, Japan. (BMNH). Synonymized with S. rufipes by SCUDDER (1970); removed from synonymy of S. rufipes and synonymized with S. geniculatum by SLATER & ZHENG (1985: 22).

Plociomera japonica (selected references): LETHIERRY & SEVERIN (1894): 194 (listed); MATSUMURA (1904): 1 –4 (diagnosis, figure); OSHANIN (1906): 307 (listed); OSHANIN (1912): 33 (listed); SHIRAKI (1952):44 (listed about insect pest).

Pamera japonica (selected references): MATSUMURA (1931): 1199 (description, figure).

Exptochiomera japonica (selected references): BARBER (1928): 176 (transferred from Plociomera ); BARBER (1958): 206 (redescription, figure, key to species); MIYAMOTO & HIDAKA (1960): 46 (fauna of Tokara Islands).

Stigmatonotum japonica (selected references): MIYAMOTO (1957): 73 (listed); SCUDDER (1962): 772 (transferred from Exptochiomera ); SLATER (1964): 1181 (catalogue).

Stigmatonotum minutum Malipatil, 1978: 23–25 , 109–111 (original description). Holotype: J, Australia, Cape York Peninsula, Iron Range (QM).Synonymized with S. geniculatum by SLATER & ZHENG (1985: 22).

Stigmatonotum rufipes : ZHENG & ZOU (1981b): 164 –165 (misidentification).

Material examined. JAPAN: HONSHU: 1 J, Chiba Pref. / Chiba-shi / Chuô-ku / Aoba-chô / N 35°36’1” E 140°8’15” / Alt., 15 m / 23.VI.2020 / Teruaki Ban (CBM-ZI 189923); 1 ♀, Same locality / 18.VIII.2020 / Teruaki Ban (CBM-ZI 189875); 3 JJ 1 ♀, Same locality / 15.IX.2020 / Teruaki Ban (CBM-ZI 189942–945); 1 J, Chiba Pref. / Chiba-shi / Chuô-ku / Miyako-chô / N 35° 36.58.6” E 140°08’20.5” / Alt., 17 m / 29.VIII.2020 / Teruaki Ban (CBM-ZI-189876); 1 ♀, Chiba Pref. / Kisarazu-shi / Mariyatsu / N 35°22’21.5” E 140°4’15.4” / Alt., 29 m / 29.XI.2009 / Teruaki Ban (CBM-ZI 189946); 1 ♀, Kanagawa Pref. / Kamakura-shi / Sichirigahama / N 35°18’21.9” E 139°30’12.2” / Alt., 0 m / 21.X.2007 / Hideki Kawai (CBM-ZI 189947); 1 J, Kanagawa Pref. / Atsugi-shi / Shimofurusawa / N 35°27’6.8” E 139°19’3.7” / Alt., 89 m / 10–14. IV.2007 / Jimpei Imura (CBM-ZI 189948); 2JJ 3♀♀, Shizuoka Pref. / Omaezaki-shi / Hamaoka / N 34°37’46.4” E 138°7’19.4” / Alt., 4 m / 7.X.2007 / Teruaki Ban (CBM-ZI189949–953); 1 J 5 ♀♀, Shizuoka Pref. / Kakegawa-shi / Hamano / N 34°39’17” E 138°2’8” / Alt., 0 m / 31. VII. 2008 / Teruaki Ban (CBM-ZI 189954–959); 1 J, same locality / 4. X. 2008 / Teruaki Ban (CBM-ZI 189954); 1 ♀, Hyogo Pref. / Itami-shi / Koyaike Park / N 34°47’28” E 135°23’37” /Alt., 33 m / 5. V.2007 / Seidai Nagashima (CBM-ZI 189955); 1 J 3 ♀♀, Tottori Pref. / Hokuei-chô / Shimotsuwa / N 35° 2955.9” E 133°48’23.1” / Alt., 6 m / 30. X. 2013 / Masato Ito (CBM-ZI 189956–959); 1 ♀, Yamaguchi Pref. / Hikari-shi / Mt. Gabisan / N 33°55’13.4” E 131°57’58.4” / Alt., 116 m / 18. VII. 2009 / Teruaki Ban (CBM-ZI 189960); 2 JJ 1♀, Yamaguchi Pref. / Shuuhouchô / Akiyoshidai / 2. IX. 2000 / Takeo Yamauchi ( OUAV). SHIKOKU: 1 ♀, Kagawa Pref. / Kannonji-shi / Ariakehama / 26. VII. 2010 / Seidai Nagashima (CBM-ZI 189961); 1 J 1 ♀, Tokushima Pref. / Kaifu-chô / Tomita / Kaifu River / 4. V. 2003 / S. Akagi (CBM-ZI 189962–963); 1 ♀, Kouchi Pref. / Nakamura-shi / Enomura / 19. IX. 2003 / Tadashi Ishikawa ( TUA). TANEGASHIMA ISLAND: 2 ♀♀, Kagoshima Pref. / Minamitane-cho / Nakanokami / N 30°24’55.8” E 130°52’49.6” / Alt., 7 m / 28. X. 2022 / Teruaki Ban (CBM-ZI 179508–509); 5 JJ 7 ♀♀, Kagoshima Pref. / Minamitane-cho / Nishino / N 30°21’48.8” E 130°54’6.9” / Alt., 7 m / 28. X. 2022 / Teruaki Ban (CBM-ZI 179510–521). RYUKYU ISLANDS: 1 J 3 ♀♀, Kagoshima Pref. / Amami Island / Sumiyo-son / Nishinakama / Light Trap / 5. VII. 2004 / Kazutaka Yamada (MNHAH B2446830–B2446833); 1J, Kagoshima Pref. /Amami Island / Uken-son / Chuo-rindo / 10. IX.2004 / Kazutaka Yamada (MNHAH B2446834); 1 ex., Okinawa Pref. / Okinawa-hontô Island / Kunigami-son / Okuma / 23. V. 2007 / Teruaki Ban (CBM-ZI 189963); 1 J, Okinawa Pref. / Ishigaki Island / Ishigaki-shi / Tomino / 27. IX. 2002 / Hanae Yamamoto (CBM-ZI 189964); 1 J 2 ♀♀, Okinawa Pref. / Iriomote Island / Otomi / Light Trap / N 24°17’34.0” E 123°52’24.6” / Alt., 34 m / 9. V. 2008 / Teruaki Ban (CBM-ZI 189965–967). SOUTH KOREA: 1 ♀, Jeollanam-do / Sunchong / Kurye / 31.V.2000 / Hiraku Yoshitake (CBM-ZI 189968).

Differential diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from other congeners of Stigmatonotum and Humilocoris species by the following combination of characters: Maximum body length not more than 3.5 mm (in H. cephalotes , S. macronotum and S. rufipes minimum body length more than 3.5 mm, mostly reaching 4.0 mm); ground color of scape dark brown (vs. ground color of scape yellow); antennomeres II and IV less than twice longer than scape (in S. macronotum , antennomeres II and IV more than twice longer than scape); labium reaching anterior portion of mesocoxae (in H. cephalotes and S. macronotum , labium reaching middle of mesocoxae); length of anterior lobe of pronotum approximately of the same length as posterior lobe of pronotum (in H. cephalotes and S. rufipes , anterior lobe of pronotum 1.3 to 1.7 times longer than posterior lobe); profemur ( Figs 1A, 1D ) with only 1 small spine, without large spine (in H. cephalotes and S. macronotum , profemur with at least 2 large spines); profemur with dark brown annulations (in H. cephalotes and S. rufipes profemur entirely yellow).

Biology. Specimens were collected by sweeping and light trap from various grasslands, which included riverbed, wasteland, wetland, rice paddy and coast vegetation. Hypericum japonicum Thunberg ( Hypericaceae ) in a damp habitat adjacent to a rice paddy in Southern China was recorded as host plant of this species ( SLATER & ZHENG 1985).

Distribution. ASIA: Japan: Honshu (ISHIKAWA & TOMO- KUNI 2012, ISHIKAWA et al. 2015, ISHIKAWA 2016, OKUDA 2020, present study); Izu Islands: Ôshima Is. ( ISHIKAWA

2016), Niijima Is. ( ISHIKAWA 2016), Miyake-jima Is. ( ISHIKAWA 2016), Hachijyô-jima Is. ( ISHIKAWA 2016); Ogasawara Islands ( ISHIKAWA 2016); Shikoku ( ISHIKAWA & TOMOKUNI 2012, YANO et al. 2012, ISHIKAWA 2016, present study); Kyushu ( SLATER & ZHENG 1985, ISHIKAWA & TO- MOKUNI 2012, ISHIKAWA 2016, SHINKAI et al. 2020); Tsushima Is. ( ISHIKAWA 2016); Amakusa Islands: Shimo-shima Is. (NOZAKI 2016); Koshiki-shima Islands: Shimokoshiki-shima Is. ( ISHIKAWA 2016); Ryukyu Islands: Tanegashima Is. (present study), Nakano-shima Is. ( MIYAMOTO & HIDAKA 1960, ISHIKAWA 2016), Takara-jima Is. (MIYAMOTO & HI- DAKA 1960, ISHIKAWA 2016), Amami-Ôshima Is. ( ISHIKAWA 2016, present study), Tokunoshima Is. ( ISHIKAWA 2016), Okinawa-hontô Is. ( SLATER & ZHENG 1985, ISHIKAWA 2016, present study), Ishigaki-jima Is. ( ISHIKAWA 2016, present study), Iriomote-jima Is. ( ISHIKAWA 2016, present study). South Korea (new record). China: Henan ( ZHENG & ZOU 1981b); Fujian ( ZHENG & ZOU 1981b); Guangdong ( ZHENG & ZOU 1981b); Yunnan ( ZHENG & ZOU 1981b). Philippines ( SLATER & ZHENG 1985). Malaysia: Borneo ( TOMOKUNI 2010). Indonesia: Java (MALIඉATIL 1978, as S. minutum ); Sumatra ( SLATER & ZHENG 1985). India: Bihar (MALIඉATIL 1978, as S. minutum ). Sri Lanka (MOTSCHUL- SKY 1863). AUSTRALIA: Australia (MALIඉATIL 1978, as S. minutum, CASSIS & GROSS 2002 ). AFRICA: Cameroon ( SLATER & ZHENG 1985). CentralAfrican Republic ( SLATER & ZHENG 1985). Gambia ( SLATER & ZHENG 1985). Ghana ( SLATER & ZHENG 1985). Côte d’Ivoire ( SLATER & ZHENG 1985). Nigeria ( SLATER & ZHENG 1985). Senegal ( SLATER & ZHENG 1985). Tanzania ( SLATER & ZHENG 1985). Mauritius ( SLATER & ZHENG 1985).

Figures

Fig. 1. Dorsal and ventral view of Stigmatonotum geniculatum (Motschulsky, 1863). A–B – male (dorsal view; ventral view); C–D – female (C – dorsal view; D – ventral view). Scale bars = 1 mm.