Zoosphaerium coquerelianum

Sagorny, Christina & Wesener, Thomas, 2017, Two new giant pill-millipede species of the genus Zoosphaerium endemic to the Bemanevika area in northern Madagascar (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Arthrosphaeridae), Zootaxa 4263 (2), pp. 273-294 : 276-278

Key to the species of the Z. coquerelianum group

1. Male harp with two to three stridulation ribs................................................................2

- Male harp with single stridulation rib..................................................................... 10

2. Tergites glossy, anteriorly shiny light-green, posteriorly dark green. Specimen larger than 50 mm. Anal shield not well- rounded, with steep slope. Movable finger of posterior telopods apically with groove, finger 1.6 times longer than wide.....

................................................................................ Z. amabile Wesener, 2009 - Coloration pattern different, or if similar then specimens smaller than 35 mm. Anal shield well-rounded or bell-shaped. Movable finger without apical groove, podomere 1.9–2.5 times longer than wide.......................................3

3. Antenna with four apical cones.......................................................................... 4

- Antenna with>10 apical cones...........................................................................5

4. Anal shield surface covered with short hairs. Posterior locking carina of anal shield 2.5–3 times longer than anterior carina..................................................................... Z. alluaudi (de Saussure & Zehntner, 1902)

- Anal shield surface glabrous. Posterior locking carina of anal shield more than 3.5 times longer than anterior carina.................................................................... Z. voeltzkowianum (de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897)

5. Male harp with three stridulation ribs. Movable finger of posterior telopods 2 times longer than wide. Endotergum with three rows of marginal bristles, bristles slightly extending beyond tergite. Posterior locking carina of anal shield four times longer than anterior carina. Male anal shield bell-shaped. Sclerotized teeth present on antennomeres 1–5.................................................................................................... Z. trichordum Wesener, 2009

- Male harp with two stridulation ribs. Endotergum with one up to two rows of marginal bristles, bristles not reaching tergite margin. Sclerotized teeth only present up to antennomere 3 or 4................................................ 6

6. Movable finger 1.9–2.0 times longer than wide. Only up to seven ventral spines on tarsi of walking legs..................................................................................... Z. muscorum Wesener & Bespalova, 2010

- Movable finger 2.4–2.6 times longer than wide. At least nine ventral spines on tarsi of walking legs................... 7

7. Male anal shield well-rounded with slight bell shape. Posterior locking carina of anal shield six times longer than anterior carina. Up to 10 ventral spines on walking legs........................... Z. bambusoides Wesener & Bespalova, 2010

- Male anal shield well-rounded. Posterior locking carina of anal shield three to four times longer than anterior carina...... 8

8. Leg 3 without an apical spine. Specimens only slightly longer than 30 mm. Tergites jade-like, green with thin brown posterior margin, texture glossy. Operculum of vulva deeply notched, strongly extending beyond coxa. Apical disc with ca. 14 apical cones...................................................................... Z. smaragdinum Wesener, 2009

- Leg 3 with an apical spine. Specimens longer than 50 mm. Tergites never jade-like, not glossy. Operculum of vulva not protruding above coxal margin. Apical disc with more than 20 apical cones......................................... 9

9. Specimens longer than 60 mm. Tergites dark-green, covered with numerous large pits and short setae. Sclerotized teeth present on antennomeres 1–3, apical disc with ca. 45 apical cones. Endotergum with two rows of marginal bristles...................................................................................... Z. villosum Wesener & Sierwald, 2005

- Specimens smaller than 60 mm. Tergites light-brown, glabrous. Sclerotized teeth present on antennomeres 1–4, apical disc with 20-30 apical cones. Endotergum with single row of marginal bristles......................... Z. bemanevika n. sp.

10. Movable finger 3 times longer than wide............................................. Z. ambrense Wesener, 2009

- Movable finger <2.5 times longer than wide.............................................................. 11

11. Antenna with four apical cones. Movable finger of posterior telopods with two membranous lobes at inner margin...... 12

- Antenna with>10 apical cones. Movable finger of posterior telopods with single membranous lobe at inner margin.......14

12. Process of second podomere of anterior telopod not visible in anterior view. Fifth antennomere with field of sensilla basiconica. Collum with isolated, long setae. Endotergum with row of large cuticular impressions and second row of much smaller impressions, bristles long, strongly protruding above tergite............................... Z. bilobum Wesener, 2009

- Process of second podomere of anterior telopod visible in anterior view. Fifth antennomere without sensilla basiconica....1 3

13. Collum glabrous. Endotergum with single row of large cuticular impressions, marginal bristles slightly protruding above tergite................................................................................. Z. isalo Wesener, 2009

- Collum glabrous with few setae at corners on either side of head. Endotergum with two rows of regularly distributed circular impressions, marginal bristles strongly protruding above tergite............. Z. trigrioculatum Wesener & Bespalova, 2010

14. First pair of stigmatic plates lobe-like, greatly enlarged.......................................................15

- First pair of stigmatic plates triangular, tapering towards tip...................................................16

15. Operculum of vulva ending clearly before coxal margin, deeply notched, divided into two large, well-rounded equally-sized lobes. Third podomere of anterior telopod laterally with circa five large, sclerotized teeth. Sensilla basiconica on first antennomere absent. Posterior locking carina of anal shield two times as long as anterior carina. Endotergum marginal bristles protruding up to tergite margin. Movable finger of posterior telopods thick, 1.85 times longer than wide........................................................................................................ Z. tampolo Wesener, 2009

- Operculum of vulva ending before coxal margin, elongated into single median lobe, lobe only shallowly notched at tip. Third podomere of anterior telopod without any large, sclerotized teeth. Sensilla basiconica on first antennomere present. Locking carinae of anal shield of equal length. Endotergum marginal bristles very short, ending far before tergite margin. Movable finger of posterior telopods thick, 2.1 times longer than wide................................. Z. ignotum Wesener, 2009

16. Tergite texture orange-peel like. Collum covered with isolated, long hair. Body size of adult female> 50 mm. Endotergum with two rows of marginal bristles and single row of large circular cuticular impressions................................17

- Tergite texture glossy or smooth. Collum glabrous. Body size of adults <35 mm. Endotergum with single row of marginal bristles and either without or two rows of cuticular impressions................................................... 18

17. Posterior locking carina on anal shield 2.5 times longer than anterior carina. Third podomere of anterior telopods without large, sclerotized teeth. Anal shield glabrous. Endotergum marginal bristles short, not protruding up to tergite margin......................................................................... Z. coquerelianum (de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897)

- Posterior locking carina on anal shield 4.5 times longer than anterior carina. Third podomere of anterior telopods with circa seven large, sclerotized teeth. Anal shield covered with short hair. Endotergum marginal bristles protruding up to tergite margin.......................................................................... Z. tainkintana Wesener, 2009

18. Tergites glossy. Female anal shield bell-shaped, male with steep slope. Posterior telopods fixed finger wide, only slightly curved towards movable finger. Movable finger 1.8 times longer than wide, on posterior side with ten small sclerotized teeth. Sclerotized teeth on antenna only present on first antennomere. Endotergum without cuticular impressions............................................................................................ Z. viridissimum Wesener, 2009

- Tergites matte. Anal shield well-rounded. Fixed finger slender, strongly curved towards movable finger. Movable finger 2.4 times longer than wide, on posterior side with circa 25 small sclerotized teeth. Sclerotized teeth only present on antennomeres 1–3. Endotergum with single row of large and second row of smaller circular cuticular impressions.................................................................................................. Z. denticulatum Wesener, 2009