Panscopus Schönherr, 1842

Spanton, Timothy G. & Anderson, Robert S., 2016, A Taxonomic Revision of Weevils of the Genus Panscopus Schönherr (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae: Tropiphorini), The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 15) 70, pp. 1-86 : 8-11

Genus Panscopus Schönherr, 1842

Panscopus Schönherr 1842: 267 . Gender masculine. Type species: Barynotus erinaceu s Say by original designation. Gemminger and Harold 1871: 2307; Horn 1876: 42; LeConte and Horn 1883: 444; Pierce 1913: 390; Blatchley and Leng 1916: 103; Leng 1920: 312; Buchanan 1927: 25, 1936: 1; Schenkling and Marshall 1931: 39; Blackwelder 1939: 66; Hatch 1971: 288; O’ Brien and Wibmer 1982: 63; Alonso- Zarazaga and Lyal 1999: 186; Anderson 2002: 782; Bright and Bouchard 2008: 248; Ciegler 2010: 199; Bousquet et al. 2013: 345.

Notes about Classification. Six subgenera of Panscopus are recognized as valid herein ( Table 1). Bousquet et al. (2013) recognized seven subgenera as valid, with Alonso-Zarazaga and Lyal (1999) recognizing eight valid subgenera. Neopanscopus Pierce and Nomidus Casey are treated herein as junior synonyms of Nocheles LeConte based upon their proposed phylogenetic relationships (Spanton 1992).

Subgenus Parapanscopus Buchanan

P. maculosus Blatchley

P. ovatipennis Buchanan

Subgenus Panscopus Schönherr

P. alternatus Schaeffer

P. erinaceus (Say)

P. impressus Pierce

Subgenus Pseudopanscopus Buchanan

P. costatus Buchanan

P. capizzii (Hatch)

Subgenus Dolichonotus Buchanan

P. convergens Buchanan

P. oregonensis Buchanan

P. acutisetus Spanton , new species

Subgenus Phymatinus LeConte

P. gemmatus (LeConte)

P. spantoni Bright

P. squamosus Pierce

P. michelbacheri Ting

Subgenus Nocheles LeConte

P. johnsoni Van Dyke

P. bakeri Buchanan

P. longus Buchanan

P. torpidus (LeConte)

P. ovalis Pierce

P. tricarinatus Buchanan

P. bufo Buchanan

P. schwarzi Buchanan

P. coloradensis Van Dyke

P. aequalis (Horn)

P. squamifrons Pierce

P. abruptus Casey

P. rugicollis Buchanan

Generic Name. The genus is named from the Latinized Greek word Panscopus meaning “allseeing” (Blatchley and Leng 1916).

Diagnosis. Adults of this genus are distinguished by the following suite of characters: broad-nosed weevils with mandibular scar as evidence of the presence of mandibular cusps in teneral adults; metepisternal suture obliterated, or nearly so, over most of its length; one pair of setae on prementum, or absent; elytral intervals with serial pits, each pit with a scale therein, in most species the scale larger than scales of the surrounding vestiture.

Included Species. Twenty-seven species arranged in six subgenera are included in the genus ( Table 1).

Phylogenetic Relationships. The phylogenetic relationships of Panscopus are unclear. It may be related to a clade of genera including Amphidees , Dyslobus , Paranametis , Tropiphorus , and Phyxelis . Panscopus appears to be a monophyletic assemblage based on the apotypic oval or round scale in each serial elytral pit and the reduced number of setae on the prementum.

KEY TO ADULTS OF THE SUBGENERA AND

SPECIES OF PANSCOPUS

1. Pronotum without median longitudinal sulcus; prementum with pair of setae on ventral surface situated near apical margin; eastern North America. Subgenus Parapanscopus .......................2

1′. Pronotum dorsally with median longitudinal sulcus present or rarely absent, form narrow and shallow, broad, deep and distinct, or as slight depression in anterior half (if absent, species with dense scale covering, from western North America); prementum with or without setae; eastern or western North America .................... 3

2(1). Scape with only elongate, fine setae which do not cover the integument; distribution as in Map 1 ........................ ............ P. maculosus Blatchley (p. 11)

2′. Scape with thin setae and broad, appressed scales, integument nearly completely covered, especially apically; distribution as in Map 2 .......................... ........... P. ovatipennis Buchanan (p. 13)

3(1′). Prementum with pair of setae on ventral surface, situated at about anterior 1/3 to mid-length; elytra with intervals 7 and 9 converging a slight distance distad of anterior margin of elytra; eastern North America. Subgenus Panscopus (sensu stricto) ........ 4

3′. Prementum glabrous, without setae on ventral surface; elytra with intervals 7 and 9 converging at, or immediately distad of, base of elytra; western North America....................................... 6

4(3′). Each serial pit on elytra with hair or elongate, thin, flat scale; tibia 3 lacking corbellary plate at apex; distribution as in Map 3 . ............................................... ............. P. alternatus Schaeffer (p. 14)

4′. Each serial pit on elytra with oblong to round scale; tibia 3 with corbellary plate at apex present, narrow..............5

5(4′). All elytral intervals setose, alternate elytral intervals slightly raised; distribution as in Map 4 ................................ ..................... P. erinaceus (Say) (p. 16)

5′. Alternate elytral intervals setose and costate, even intervals non-setose, or nearly so; distribution as in Map 5 ....... ................... P. impressus Pierce (p. 18)

6(3′). Median longitudinal sulcus of pronotum very broad and deep, about as wide as width of an eye; metepisternal suture fine throughout its entire length; pronotal and elytral setae broad, flat, scale-like, length about twice maximum width. Subgenus Pseudopanscopus Buchanan. .........................................................7

6′. Median sulcus of pronotum complete, narrow to moderately broad (less than width of an eye) or reduced to shallow depression in anterior portion, but not very broad and deep; metepisternal suture obliterated over most of its length, visible or not in posterior quarter opposite hind coxa; setae of dorsum of elytra more narrow, many times longer than maximum width.................................8

7(6). Alternate elytral intervals uniformly raised throughout length of elytra; distribution as in Map 6 .............................. ................ P. costatus Buchanan (p. 21)

7′. Elytral intervals 3 and 5 raised, but discontinuous, in form of discrete tubercles, or ridges, each with a clump of broad, flat, blunt scale-like setae; distribution as in Map 7........ P . capizzii (Hatch) (p. 22)

8(6′). Scape long, extendingd nearly to or beyond hind margin of eye, or if only extending to about middle of eye, then pronotum and elytra with numerous small, shiny, round tubercles ............ 9

8′. Scape relatively short, extending at most to middle of eye; other characters variable. Subgenus Nocheles LeConte and Horn ............................................ 15

9(8). Pronotum, in dorsal view, longer than wide or nearly as long as wide; abdomen of both sexes with 5 densely scalysetose ventrites. Subgenus Dolichonotus Buchanan ............................................. 10

9′. Pronotum wider than long; females with 4 abdominal ventrites, or if with 5, then elytra and pronotum with numerous small, shiny tubercles. Subgenus Phymatinus LeConte ......................... 12

10(9). Abdominal ventrite 1 nearly as long as broad, tibia 3 broadly emarginate on ventral margin; pronotum widest at midlength; distribution as in Map 9 .............. ........... P. oregonensis Buchanan (p. 25)

10′. Abdominal ventrite 1 1/2–2/3 as long as broad, tibia 3 nearly straight; pronotum widest in front of mid-length............... 11

11(10′). Alternate elytral intervals raised and costate, even intervals completely or nearly non-setose; setae of alternate intervals slightly broadened and flattened towards apex; distribution as in Map 8 .................................................. ........ P. convergens Buchanan (p. 24)

11′. Alternate elytral intervals not perceptibly more convex than even intervals; all elytral intervals with 1 or more rows of setae, elytral setae thin and acute; distribution as in Map 10 ........................ .......................... P. acutisetus Spanton , new species (p. 26)

12(9′). Pronotal and elytral surface with numerous raised round shiny black tubercles, each with seta at apex; body vestiture of dense overlapping shiny metallic green or cupreous scales; females with 5 abdominal ventrites; body size 8.0–12.0 mm long; distribution as in Map 11 ........................ ............. P. gemmatus (LeConte) (p. 28)

12′. Pronotal and elytral surface lacking small, shiny black tubercles; females with only 4 ventrites; body size 5.0– 9.0 mm long ....................................13

13(12′). Alternate elytral intervals distinctly elevated; elytral setae thin towards apex, even intervals non-setose or nearly so; distribution as in Map 12 ...................... .................... P. spantoni Bright (p. 32)

13′. Elytral intervals evenly raised, or at most with alternate intervals slightly elevated near base; elytral setae broader and truncate at apex............................................ 14

14(13′). Elytral declivity, in lateral view, in form of straight line and slightly reflexed; elytral setae more appressed than decumbent, from broad and scale-like to thin, but flattened; color, in most specimens, cinereous; distribution as in Map 13 ........ .................... P. squamosus Pierce (p. 35)

14′. Elytral declivity, in lateral view, in form of continuous curve to apex; elytral setae more decumbent than appressed; setae thin but flattened; color black, or nearly so; distribution as in Map 14 .... ............ P. michelbacheri Ting (p. 36)

15(8′). Elytral intervals flat, subequally slightly convex or slightly raised in declivital area; setae about equally distributed on all intervals .................................16

15′. Alternate elytral intervals elevated (slightly so in some specimens); elytral setae more numerous on alternate intervals; ..........................................19

16(15). Pronotal surface clearly visible among scales; pronotal surface rugose; elytral setae thin, apices acute......................17

16′. Pronotal surface covered in appressed scales, not visible between scales; pronotal surface smooth; elytral setae with apices somewhat truncate...............................18

17(16). Tibia 3 slightly curved, lower edge with a number of stout, pale brown, spines; pronotum with apical impression very shallow; distribution as in Map 24 ......... ...................... P. aequalis (Horn) (p. 55)

17′. Tibia 3 straight, lower edge with setae only, no stout spines present; pronotum with apical impression moderately deep, anterior margin of pronotum somewhat swollen on either side of median impression; distribution as in Map 17 .............................................. ............. P. longus Buchanan (p. 42)

18(16′). Pronotum with median longitudinal sulcus very slightly (if at all) developed; elytral setae suberect; distribution as in Map 25 ............................... ............ P. squamifrons Pierce (p. 60)

18′. Pronotum with median longitudinal sulcus developed, especially apically; elytral setae decumbent; distribution as in Map 21 ...................................... .................. P. bufo Buchanan (p. 51)

19(15′). Dorsal scales, at least in part, green; scape setose only; distribution as in Map 15....... P . johnsoni Van Dyke (p. 38)

19′. Dorsal scales not green; scape setose and squamose, integument completely covered, or nearly so ......................... 20

20(19′). Rostrum unicarinate or tricarinate on dorsal surface; tibia 3 nearly straight, its lower edge with setae only (except in some specimens of P. tricarinatus ) ..................................................... 21

20′. Rostrum feebly unicarinate or noncarinate; tibia 3 slightly bent, its lower edge broadly and feebly convex in profile and with some coarse brown or blackish spines.................................24

21(20). Even elytral intervals non-setose (or nearly so) .........................................22

21′. All elytral intervals setose ............... 23

22(21). Rostrum distinctly tricarinate, lateral rostral carinae well-developed; pronotum less rough, with small tubercles and granules but these not exposed, mostly covered by scales; distribution as in Map 19 ........... P. ovalis Pierce (p. 48)

22′. Rostrum unicarinate, lateral rostral carinae not-developed; pronotal sculpturing very rough with numerous exposed small tubercles and granules; distribution Map 16 ............................................. ................... P. bakeri Buchanan (p. 39)

23(21′). Prothorax widest in front of middle; rostral carinae somewhat reduced, in some specimens carinae barely visible through vestiture, appearing unicarinate; distribution as in Map 18 ................................ ................. P. torpidus (LeConte) (p. 43)

23′. Prothorax widest about middle; rostrum with three visible carinae; distribution as in Map 20 .............................. ......... P. tricarinatus Buchanan (p. 50)

24(20′). Prementum with a median carina on apical 1/2–1/3 (may be hard to see).... 25

24′. Prementum smooth, without median carina............................................26

25(24). Even elytral intervals non-setose; most specimens brownish black; distribution as in Map 26 .......................................... .................. P. abruptus (Casey) (p. 62)

25′. Even elytral intervals setose their entire length; most specimens pale brown in color; distribution as in Map 27 ............ ............. P. rugicollis Buchanan (p. 64)

26(24′). Head above eye with clump of 6–0 flattened, scale-like, supraorbital setae (in many specimens setae are light buffcolored); distribution as in Map 22 ....... .............. P. schwarzi Van Dyke (p. 53)

26′. Head above eye without clump of supraorbital setae, setae diffuse over frons and rostrum; setae less flattened and in most specimens brown in color; distribution as in Map 23 ........................ ......... P. coloradensis Van Dyke (p. 54)

Figures

Map 1. Geographical distribution of Panscopus maculosus.

Map 2. Geographical distribution of Panscopus ovatipennis.

Map 3. Geographical distribution of Panscopus alternatus.

Map 4. Geographical distribution of Panscopus erinaceus.

Map 5. Geographical distribution of Panscopus impressus.

Map 6. Geographical distribution of Panscopus costatus.

Map 7. Geographical distribution of Panscopus capizzii.

Map 8. Geographical distribution of Panscopus convergens.

Map 9. Geographical distribution of Panscopus oregonensis.

Map 10. Geographical distribution of Panscopus acutisetus.

Map 11. Geographical distribution of Panscopus gemmatus.

Map 12. Geographical distribution of Panscopus spantoni.

Map 13. Geographical distribution of Panscopus squamosus.

Map 14. Geographical distribution of Panscopus michelbacheri.

Map 15. Geographical distribution of Panscopus johnsoni.

Map 16. Geographical distribution of Panscopus bakeri.

Map 17. Geographical distribution of Panscopus longus.

Map 18. Geographical distribution of Panscopus torpidus.

Map 19. Geographical distribution of Panscopus ovalis.

Map 20. Geographical distribution of Panscopus tricarinatus.

Map 21. Geographical distribution of Panscopus bufo.

Map 22. Geographical distribution of Panscopus schwarzi.

Map 23. Geographical distribution of Panscopus coloradensis.

Map 24. Geographical distribution of Panscopus aequalis.

Map 25. Geographical distribution of Panscopus squamifrons.

Map 26. Geographical distribution of Panscopus abruptus.

Map 27. Geographical distribution of Panscopus rugicollis.