Cardiodactylus busu Otte, 2007

Depraz, Emilien, Tan, Ming Kai, Rahandra, Erlani Febrida, Ramandey, Eunice R. P. F. & Robillard, Tony, 2024, Taxonomy and calling songs of some species of Cardiodactylus (Gryllidae, Eneopterinae, Lebinthini) from New Guinea, Zootaxa 5551 (2), pp. 242-262 : 244

Cardiodactylus busu Otte, 2007

( Figs 1 , 2 )

Cardiodactylus busu Otte, 2007a: 351 — Otte, 2007b: 31 (species listed); Dong & Robillard, 2016: 234 (redescription).

New material examined. INDONESIA: 2♂; Yapen I., Kapanani, secondary forest on slope near village (GPS23 Pa 11); S01.83673 E136.29596, 134 m; 28.ix.2023; TR23-122; night; Daawia et al. leg.; KSP • 1♀; Yapen I., Ambaidiru, secondary habitat along road (GPS23 Pa 5b); S01.75441 E136.17958, 699 m; 20.ix.2023; TR23-038; night; Daawia et al. leg.; KSP • 1♀; Yapen I., Ambaidiru, forest on slope above coffee plantation (GPS23 Pa 5a); S01.75228 E136.18817; 1070 m; 20.ix.2023; TR23-038; night; Daawia et al. leg.; KSP • 1♂, 2♀; Yapen I., Karopai, secondary forest near village (GPS23 Pa 6); S01.85559 E136.19408, 56 m; 21–23.ix.2023; TR23-053; night; Daawia et al. leg.; KSP • 1♂, 1♀; same information as previous; 26.ix.2023; TR23-103; night; Daawia et al. leg.; KSP • 1♀; Yapen I., Serawdnaswi; S01.844822 E136.193714; 25.ix.2023; night; P-J de Vries leg.; KSP • 2♀; Yapen I., Mantembu village, secondary area near village, along river (GPS23 Pa 8); S01.84270 E136.23038, 167 m; 30.ix.2023; TR23-137; night; Daawia et al. leg.; KSP • 1♂; Papua, Nimbokrang, secondary forest near lodge, 3h W Jayapura (GPS23 Pa 12); S02.57199 E140.09897, 133 m; 3.x.2023; TR23-146; day; call recording (video); Daawia et al. leg.; KSP • 1♀; same information as previous; TR23-149; day; Daawia et al. leg.; KSP • 1♂; same information as previous; 4.x.2023; TR23-158; night; Daawia et al. leg.; KSP.

Remarks. The calling song was previously described by Dong & Robillard (2016), but new recordings suggest that this species has a more complex calling song than previously known. It is therefore redescribed below.

Type locality. INDONESIA, Yapen Island ( Dong & Robillard, 2016) .

Distribution. Entire New Guinea and near north-west islands (Yapen, Supiori, Waigeo, Pulau Misool).

Calling song ( Fig. 1 , Table 1). The calling song is more complex than formerly described. At 25 °C, the song bout is made up of long and highly variable echeme-sequences made up of two broad parts. Each echeme-sequence lasts for 48.1±63.0 s. Echeme-sequences start by a group of 9–292 low-amplitude two-syllable echemes showing low, almost homogeneous amplitude (echeme Pattern 1; P1) ( Table 1). The second part of the echeme-sequence (echeme Pattern 2; P2) shows longer echemes made up of 3–5 syllables, with increasing amplitudes. On average, the echemes in P1 have a shorter duration made up of fewer syllables than P2 ( Table 1). The echeme period is also longer in P1 than in P2 ( Table 1). Within each echeme, syllable duration is also shorter in P1 than in P2, but the syllable period is similar ( Table 1). The frequency spectrum is made up of a harmonic series, the dominant frequency ranging from 13.5 to 14.5 kHz, does not correspond to the fundamental harmonic, but to the third harmonic. The fundamental frequency is around 4.5 kHz. Note that the dominant frequency is slightly lower in P1 than in P2 ( Table 1).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Cardiodactylus busu Otte, 2007 male (A) and female (B) adults and a juvenile (C) in their natural environment.

FIGURE 2. Cardiodactylus busu Otte, 2007a calling song: oscillogram of five echeme-sequences (A), envelope of two echemes of P1 (B) and of two echemes of P2 (C), spectrogram (D) and power spectrum of one echeme of P2 (E).