Bothropolys rugosus ( Meinert, 1872 )

Ma, Hui-Qin, Song, Da-Xiang & Zhu, Ming-Sheng, 2008, A review of the Chinese species of Bothropolys Wood, 1862 (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae), Zootaxa 1786, pp. 35-47 : 43-44

Bothropolys rugosus ( Meinert, 1872)

Lithobius Rugosus Meinert, 1872: 306 ; synonymy by Eason, 1974: 20, figs 60411MA[A. Minelli] 26May7.

Bothropolys asperatus L. Koch, 1878: 788 ; Takakuwa, 1940: 36; Wang & Mauris, 1996: 91; synonymy by Eason, 1974: 4, 20.

Lithobius thetidis Karsch, 1880: 848 ; synonymy by Eason, 1974: 3, 20.

Bothropolys shimensis Pocock, 1895: 349 ; synonymy by Eason, 1974: 3, 20.

Bothropolys spinosior Chamberlin, 1920: 78 ; synonymy by Eason, 1974: 4, 20.

Bothropolys migrans Chamberlin, 1930: 69 ; synonymy by Eason, 1974: 4.

Diagnosis: Body length 15.1–20.5 mm, antennae composed of 20+20 antennomeres; 20 ocelli arranged in 4 rows on each side; Tömösváry’s organ rounded, moderately large, about equal to the adjoining ocelli; 5+5– 8+8 blunt prosternal teeth, usually 6+6 and 7+7; porodonts thick and strong, posterior to the most lateral tooth; posterior angles of T 6 feebly triangular, T 7 weakly triangular, posterior angles of TT 9, 11 and 13 sharply triangular; pretarsus of all legs with claws; moderately long accessory claws on legs 1–13, no accessory claws on legs 14 and 15; coxal pores round or ovate, 7–23 irregularly arranged coxal pores; female gonopods with 2+2 or 3+3 bullet-shaped spurs and tridentate claws; male gonopods short and thick, as a mastoid protuberance, with 2–4 long setae, distally slightly sclerotised.

Material examined: 1 ɗ, Baiyunzhan Natural Reserve, Dongzhai Town, Luoshan County, Heilongjiang Province, 32°12'N 114°30'E, 15 July 2005, leg. Zhi-sheng Zhang. 5 ΨΨ, 1 ɗ, Tanquanqiao Town, Huangshan County, Anhui Province, 30°06'N 118°06'E, 3 June 2005, leg. Zhi-shun Song. 1 ɗ, Bamaoxi, Sangzhi County, Hunan Province, 29°18'N 110°06'E, 3 June 2002, leg. Zhi-sheng Zhang, Jin-yu Yang. 1 Ψ, 3 ɗɗ, Qingliangdian Town, Wuyi County, Hengshui City, Hebei Province, 37°36'N 115°48'E, 5 May 2005, leg. Hui-qin Ma. 10 ΨΨ, 9 ɗɗ, Huashan Mountain, Huayin County, Shanxi Province, 34°31'35.8"N 110°05'28.8"E, 10 October 2005, leg. Hui-qin Ma. 2 ΨΨ, 2 ɗɗ, Longzetan, Tongbai County, Henan Province, 32°20'45.9"N 113°24'11.5"E, 18 October 2005, leg. Hui-qin Ma. 19 ΨΨ, 19 ɗɗ, Hantai County, Hanzhong City, Shanxi Province, 33°00'N 107°00'E, 15 October 2005, leg. Hui-qin Ma. 1 Ψ, Yuelushan Mountain, Changsha City, Huanan Province, 28°06'N 112°54'E, 15 May 2002, Zhi-sheng Zhang. 1 Ψ, Taocheng County, Hengshui City, Hebei Province, 37°42'N 115°42'E, 6 November 2005, leg. Hui-qin Ma. 4 ɗɗ, Nanhu Park, Nanzheng County, Hanzhong City, Shanxi Province, 32°57'25.2"N 106°54'18.7"E, 15 October 2005, leg. Hui-qin Ma. 1 Ψ, 4 ɗɗ, Xiaowutai National Natural Reserve, Yu County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, 39°54'N 115°00'E, 20 September 2005, leg. Zi-zhong Yang, Feng Zhang. 2 ΨΨ, 3 ɗɗ, Xiaowutai National Natural Reserve, Yu County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, 39°54'N 115°00'E, 20 August 2005, leg. Zi-zhong Yang, Zhi-sheng Zhang, Hui-Qin Ma. 3 ΨΨ, 1 ɗ, Muyu Town, Qingchuan County, Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province, 32°30'N 105°12'E, 14 June 2003, leg. Zhi-shun Song. 1 Ψ, Chayashan Mountain, Suiping City, Henan Province, 33°06'N 113°42'E, 7 June 2005, leg. Zhi-sheng Zhang. 3 ΨΨ, Longquanshan Forest Park, Meitan County, Guizhou Province, 27°42'N 107°24'E, 3 August 2003, leg. Zhi-shun Song. 3 ɗɗ, Dongfeng Park, Baoding City, Hebei Province, 38°48'N 115°24'E, 8 August 2003, leg. Zi-zhong Yang, Zhi-sheng Zhang. 2 ΨΨ, 3 ɗɗ, Tang County, Baoding City, Hebei Province, 38°42'N 114°54'E, 1 October 2005, leg. Zhisheng Zhang. 1 Ψ, Wuqiang County, Hengshui City, Hebei Province, 37°54'N 115°48'E, 3 May 2005, leg. Hui-qin Ma. 1 Ψ, Huaping Park, Longsheng City, Guangxi Province, 25°42'N 110°00'E, 13 October 2005, leg. Ji-liang Wang, Chao Gao. 2 ΨΨ, 1 ɗ, Yingezhuang village, Baoding City, Hebei Province, 38°48'N 115°24'E, 8 August 2003, leg. Zhi-sheng Zhang, Zi-zhong Yang. 1 Ψ, 2 ɗɗ, Pujiu Temple, Yongji County, Yuncheng City, Shaanxi Province, 34°50'42"N 110°19'45.2"E, 8 October 2005, leg. Hui-qin Ma. 5 ΨΨ, 5 ɗɗ, Tongbai County, Henan Province, 32°21'40.1"N 113°24'7.8"E, 18 October 2005, Leg. Hui-qin Ma. 1 Ψ, Campus of Hebei University, Baoding City, 38°48'N 115°24'E, 8 August 2005, leg. Hui-qin Ma. 1 Ψ, 1 ɗ, Aizhen Park, Huangshan City, Anhui Province, 30°06'N 118°06'E, 11 August 2002, leg. Zhi-shun Song, Xin-sheng Tang. 1 ɗ, Jigongshan Mountain, Xinyang City, Henan Province, 31°42'N 114°00'E, 12 June 2005, leg. Bao-shi Zhang. 22 ΨΨ, 36 ɗɗ, Tongmian Town, Ningming County, 21°42'N 107°18'E, 17 May 2006, leg. Hui-qin Ma. 1 Ψ, 1 ɗ, Daqingshan Mountain, Longchuan County, Pingxiang City, Guangxi Province, 24°06'N 106°48'E, 14 May 2006, Leg. Hui-qin Ma. 6 ΨΨ, 10 ɗɗ, Damingshan Mountain, Wuming County, Nanning City, Guangxi Province, 23°24'N 108°30'E, 10 May 2006, leg. Hui-qin Ma. 2 ΨΨ, Shibanyan Town, Linzhou County, Anyang City, Henan Province, 36°6'N 113°42'E, 22 June 2006, leg. Li-min Zhu. 1 ɗ, Matishi village, Langping Town, Tianlin County, Baise City, Guangxi Province, 24°24'N 106°18'E, 26 May 2006. 1 Ψ, Campus of Hebei University, Baoding City, 38°48'N 115°24'E, 18 October 2006, leg. Zhi-yong Di. 3 ɗɗ, Botanic Park, Baoding City, Hebei Province, 38°48'N 115°24'E, 5 October 2006, leg. Jomo. 2 ΨΨ, 1 ɗ, Hami City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 42°48'N 93°24'E, 25 June 2006, leg. Hui-qin Ma. 2 ΨΨ, 1 ɗ, Fanzhi County, Shaanxi Province, 39°12'26.5"N 113°15'29.3"E, 5 October 2005, leg. Hui-qin Ma.

Distribution: Uzbekistan, Kirghizstan, China (Henan, Hebei, Hunan, Guangxi, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Taiwan), Japan, Korea, the Philippines, New Guinea, the Hawaiian Islands, North America.

Remarks: This species is not only naturally widespread in China, but also widespread in eastern Asia. However, it was also found in the Hawaiian Islands, Eason (1974, 1977) suggested that B. rugosus had been introduced in the Hawaiian Islands from either Japan or the mainland of eastern Asia.