Anteon flavicorne ( Dalman, 1818 )

Bückle, Christoph, 2017, Larval morphology of three species of Anteoninae (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae), Zootaxa 4320 (3), pp. 470-486 : 471-478

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4320.3.4
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2C52Ede7-E218-4334-8991-A7E04F9543F1
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6045273
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE4E07-D83B-FFA7-FF76-FC97918A6322
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Anteon flavicorne ( Dalman, 1818 )
status

Treatment

Anteon flavicorne ( Dalman, 1818)

Figs 1–8 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8

Material examined. Italy, Viterbo Province, Gradoli, 4.VI.2004 and 5.VI.2012, 23 immature and 15 mature larvae parasitizing Rhytidodus decimusquartus (Schrank, 1776) and Macropsis graminea (Fabricius, 1798) (Cicadellidae) feeding on Populus nigra Linnaeus, 1753 .

Description, immature larva. Body brown ( Fig. 1F View FIGURE 1 ). Larva strongly hooked to the host body. Posterior area of cephalic region attached in the host’s integument, enveloped by a cuticular collar-shaped thickening (“ anneau péricéphalique ” sensu Buyckx, 1948; Fig. 2B View FIGURE 2 : ap). Frontal area of cephalic region without cephalic vesicles, completely covered by a “mask” consisting of a layer (tissue?) of sclerotized areas ( Figs 2A, 2B View FIGURE 2 , 7A, 7B View FIGURE 7 ). In particular, it presents a sclerotized transverse area in correspondence to the frontal margin of the future head capsule of the mature larva. Under the “mask”, the immature larva shows the developing mouthparts of the future mature larva ( Figs 3A–3D View FIGURE 3 ), as observed also in larvae of other Dryinidae subfamilies.

Body in lateral view ovoid, slightly elongate ( Figs 1F View FIGURE 1 , 3B View FIGURE 3 ), folded U-shaped with its posterior region strongly bent ventrally and strictly placed against its anterior region. Integument strongly puckered (as in Fig. 9B View FIGURE 9 ). Its surface covered by discarded exuviae of previous larval instars. Segmentation of body indistinct, respiratory system peripneustic with nine pairs of lateral spiracles (one thoracic + eight abdominal). Ventral process absent.

Remarks. The position of the dryinid larva in the studied hosts is variable ( Figs 1A–1E View FIGURE 1 ). In Rhytidodus decimusquartus immature larvae were observed to protrude from the intersegmental membranes situated between pro- and mesothorax (in two cases), meso- and metathorax (in 18 cases), or metathorax and abdomen (in 11 cases). In Macropsis graminea nymphs, they protruded between the host’s meso- and metathorax (in one case) or metathorax and abdomen (in six cases). Immature larvae were never observed on the abdomen segments of neither of the hosts.

Description, mature larva. Body length: ca. 3.1–3.9 mm. Larva apodous, whitish, subcylindrical ( Figs 2C View FIGURE 2 , 4A View FIGURE 4 ). Head yellowish, well sclerotized, without parietal bands and distinct medial ecdysial line posteriorly. Antennal orbit circular, slightly convex, with two sensilla ( Figs 4B, 4C View FIGURE 4 , 6D View FIGURE 6 , 8E View FIGURE 8 ). Chaetotaxy of head capsule characterized on each side by four long sensory bristles situated one medially of antennae, two in proximity of posterior margin of clypeus and one on the side ( Figs 4B, 4C View FIGURE 4 , 7D–7F View FIGURE 7 ). Head capsule with each side possessing one pair of sensory pits between antenna and anterior margin ( Fig. 4C View FIGURE 4 , arrow a, 8F) and one sensory pit in anterolateral position ( Fig. 4C View FIGURE 4 , arrow b, 8G); frontoventral and frontolateral margin of head capsule (near articulation of mandibles and maxillae) strongly sclerotized ( Figs 3C, 3D View FIGURE 3 ). Frontoclypeal suture distinct ( Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 ). Anterior margin of clypeus concave ( Figs 4B View FIGURE 4 , 5A View FIGURE 5 , 6A View FIGURE 6 , 7D, 7E View FIGURE 7 ). Labrum with an apical row of six to eight sensory bristles inserted immediately under its apical margin, four or five long sensory bristles and two sensory pits at about midlength between anterior and posterior margin ( Figs 4B View FIGURE 4 , 5A View FIGURE 5 , 6A View FIGURE 6 , 7C, 7D View FIGURE 7 , 8A View FIGURE 8 ); basal and lateral margin of labrum distinctly sclerotized. Epipharynx covered by scaly microsculpture, scales anteriorly distinctly pectinate forming slightly curved transverse rows of spinules, and with two sensilla near anterior margin ( Figs 5B View FIGURE 5 , 6A View FIGURE 6 arrows, 7C arrows). Mandible strongly sclerotized with broad base and apical portion pointed and curved in medial direction. Each mandible with long sub-basal sensory bristle ( Figs 5C View FIGURE 5 , 7C–7F View FIGURE 7 ). Maxilla weakly sclerotized, with maxillary palp and five long sensory bristles ( Figs 4C View FIGURE 4 , 5F View FIGURE 5 , 7F View FIGURE 7 ). Maxillary palp ( Figs 5D, 5F View FIGURE 5 , 6C View FIGURE 6 , 7F View FIGURE 7 ) unsegmented, subcylindrical, with large lateral sensory depression and with subapical sensory bristle, apically with delimited area including four sensilla of different size and structure: two uni-articulated cone-shaped and two bi-articulated consisting of a long cylindrical basal and a small cone-shaped apical article. Labium subtriangular distally with narrow spinneret and subapically with labial palps ( Figs 5E, 5F View FIGURE 5 , 6B View FIGURE 6 , 7C View FIGURE 7 , 8B, 8C View FIGURE 8 ). Three long sensory bristles ventrally on basal half of labium ( Figs 5E, 5F View FIGURE 5 , 7C View FIGURE 7 , 8B View FIGURE 8 ). Labial palp ( Figs 5E, 5F View FIGURE 5 , 8B, 8C View FIGURE 8 ) unsegmented, with large proximal sensory depression and with four distal sensilla structurally similar to those of maxillary palp. Spinneret apically opening by transverse slit ( Figs 7C View FIGURE 7 , 8B View FIGURE 8 ), opening with dorsal border distinctly papillose ( Figs 8C, 8D View FIGURE 8 ). Thorax and abdomen with indistinct segmentation and with numerous long sensory bristles (150–200 µm) arranged in transverse rows around each segment ( Figs 2C View FIGURE 2 , 4A View FIGURE 4 , 6H–6K View FIGURE 6 ). Tracheal system with one pair of thoracic spiracles (pro-mesothoracic) and eight pairs of slightly smaller abdominal ones located on the first eight abdominal segments ( Fig. 4A View FIGURE 4 ). Atrium of spiracles bulb-shaped ( Figs 6E–6G View FIGURE 6 ). All spiracles simple, without bristles, hairs or other particular protection structures.