Anthomyzidae, Czerny

Roháćek, Jindřich & Barber, Kevin N., 2016, Nearctic Anthomyzidae: a monograph of Anthomyza and allied genera (Diptera), Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (suppl.) 56, pp. 1-412 : 26-28

Key to identincation of Nearctic genera of Anthomyzidae

1 f 1 lacking ctenidial spine posteroventrally, with only a row of long nne setae. .......... 2

– f 1 with distinct (although sometimes short) posteroventral ctenidial spine ( Figs 7 , 51 ) in addition to a row of long setae. ............................................................................... 3

2(1) Wing abbreviated and narrowed or with incomplete venation (at least dm-cu absent, see ROHÁĆEK & BARBER 2005: Figs 183–185 ); maximum eye diameter distinctly oblique. .............................................................................. Stiphrosoma Czerny, 1928 , in part

– Wing normal, with complete venation; maximum eye diameter nearly vertical. .......... ...................................................................................................... undescribed genus

3(1) Wing with distinct longitudinal infuscation, especially along R 4+5 ( Figs 49 , 85 ). ...... 4

– Wing hyaline or with only indistinct infumation, never with discrete contrasting markings ( Figs 11 , 34 ). ............................................................................................... 5

4(3) Head markedly longer than high, depressed and anteriorly angular; eye elongate, with maximum diameter oblique to almost horizontal ( Fig. 47 ); frontal triangle small and narrow, hardly reaching midpoint of frons; f 1 with ctenidial spine small ( Fig. 51 ); gonostylus simple, with 2 denticles on apex ( Fig. 59 ); transandrium with distinctively forked caudal process having its arms projecting and dilated anteroventrally ( Fig. 55 ); postgonite slightly sinuous and without setulae ( Fig. 56 ); spermatheca with eccentric duct insertion ( Fig. 61 ) and spermathecal duct very long. ............................................. ............................ Ischnomyia Loew, 1863 [only I. albicosta ( Walker, 1849) ] (p. 41)

– Head slightly shorter than high, anteriorly rounded; eye broad, maximum diameter of eye nearly vertical ( Fig. 89 ); frontal triangle large and broad, reaching at least to anterior nfth of frons; f 1 with ctenidial spine long ( Fig. 87 ); gonostylus with attenuated apex but without denticles ( Fig. 91 ); transandrium with caudal process simple ( Fig. 94 ); postgonite sickle-shaped, with distinct anteroproximal setula ( Fig. 92 ); spermatheca with normal duct insertion ( Fig. 99 ) and spermathecal duct short ( Fig. 105 ). .............. ........... Arganthomyza Roháček, 2009 , in part [ A. vittipennis ( Walker, 1857) ] (p. 66)

5(3) Maximum diameter of eye nearly vertical ( Fig. 35 ); 3 strong ors, anterior ors subequal to or slightly shorter than middle seta and with additional microsetula in front of anterior ors; subvibrissa reduced ( Fig. 35 ); all femora distinctly variegated brown and yellow; anal nssure very small, narrowly rounded triangular and medandrium abruptly narrowed dorsally ( Fig. 36 ); internal structures of female genital chamber weak, annular sclerite reduced, almost indistinct ( Fig. 45 ). ............................................................ ....... Fungomyza Roháček, 1999 [only F. buccata Roháček & Barber, 2004 )] (p. 30)

– Maximum eye diameter more or less oblique; 1–3 strong ors, if 3 ors then the anterior distinctly shorter; 0–2 microsetulae in front of anterior ors; subvibrissa more or less distinct (longer than anterior peristomal setula); femora usually unicolourous (yellow or ochreous-orange), sometimes partly ochreous-brown; anal nssure larger and medandrium different; internal structures of female genital chamber usually well sclerotized and annular sclerite well developed. ........................................................................... 6

6(5) A single long ors (see VOCKEROTH 1987: Fig. 75.2 ), at most with a small microsetula anterior to this (no more than one-eighth length of ors); frontal triangle large and shining black. .............................................................................................................. 7

– At least 2 ors long (if two, the anterior at least one-third length of posterior ors and with additional short anterior microsetula present) ( Figs 1 , 6 ; ROHÁĆEK & BARBER 2011: Fig. 11 ); frontal triangle rarely shining black. .................................................................... 8

7(6) Fore legs unicolourous yellow to pale brown; silvery white tomentum above occipital foramen in a single medial patch; 1st antennal nagellomere nearly orbicular, with apex rounded; longest aristal hairs shorter than half width of 1st nagellomere; postgena with pale ventral border connuent with pale gena; palpus entirely pale; female abdomen entirely brown or sometimes slightly pale lateral to midline; T7 not divided medially. ............................. Mumetopia Melander, 1913 [only M. occipitalis Melander, 1913 ]

– t 1 and basal tarsal segments black with apical segments white; no white tomentum above occipital foramen; 1st antennal nagellomere longer than wide, apically obliquely rounded; longest aristal hairs as long as width of 1st nagellomere; postgena entirely dark, contrasting with pale gena; palpus apically darkened; female T2–T5 usually contrastingly pale with medial brown stripe; T7 longitudinally medially divided. ............................. ......................... undescribed genus [only Mumetopia nigrimana ( Coquillett, 1900) ]

8(6) Wing generally shorter than body length (sometimes much shorter), cross-vein r-m arising in basal third of dm cell; arista distinctly (shortly to long) pectinate ( ROHÁĆEK & BARBER 2005: Figs 1 , 32 , 42 ); prs usually small or absent; female T7+S7 dorsomedially divided or unpigmented ( ROHÁĆEK & BARBER 2005: Figs 13 , 27 ); annular sclerite in female genital chamber strongly transversely compressed (ROHÁĆEK & ABER 2005: Figs 31 , 179 ); spermathecae pyriform with entire surface strongly spinose ( ROHÁĆEK & BARBER 2005: Figs 17 , 46 , 80 ). ........ Stiphrosoma Czerny, 1928 , in part

– Wing generally longer than body length; cross-vein r-m arising beyond basal third towards the middle of dm cell; arista ciliate ( Figs 6 , 35 , 395 ; ROHÁĆEK & BARBER 2011: 12); prs present and usually long; female T7+S7 dorsomedially undivided, but if unpigmented, then spermathecae not spinose on entire surface and annular sclerite not transversely compressed. ............................................................................................ 9

9(8) Contrasting silvery grey tomentose stripes present between frontal triangle and posterior part of orbits and join broadly across the front of the frontal triangle leaving only the ocellar triangle shiny; nlum of distiphallus slender and formed by two ribbon-shaped sclerites (see ROHÁĆEK 2006a: Figs 502, 505 , as Paranthomyza caricis ); spermatheca spherical to subspherical with only sparse tubercles or spines and without striations or apical invagination (see ROHÁĆEK 2006a: Fig 510 ). ......... Carexomyza Roháček, 2009

– Contrasting silvery grey tomentose stripes between frontal triangle and posterior part of orbits either absent, or if present then short and not joining anteriorly; nlum of distiphallus of various composition; spermatheca of various shape and vestiture usually with at least incomplete striations ( Figs 117 , 215 , 288 , 480 ), but if without striations then with apical invagination ( Figs 267 , 399 , 540 ) or irregularly pyriform to spindleshaped ( ROHÁĆEK & BARBER 2011: Figs 26 , 119 ). ..................................................... 10

10(9) Body shiny black, sparsely tomentose ( ROHÁĆEK & BARBER 2011: Fig. 10 ); two strong ors with additional microsetula anterior to these no stronger than the medial frontal microsetulae; face of female darker than that of male ( ROHÁĆEK & BARBER 2011: Figs 8, 9 ); male gonostylus deeply bilobed ( ROHÁĆEK & BARBER 2011: Figs 13 , 15 ); nlum of distiphallus formed by two very slender ribbon-shaped sclerites, apically simple ( ROHÁĆEK & BARBER 2011: Fig. 18 ); female T7+S7 dorsomedially divided but S8 not divided ( ROHÁĆEK & BARBER 2011: Figs 23 , 24 ); spermatheca elongately spindle-shaped with distal end rugged and provided with small blunt processes, never apically invaginated ( ROHÁĆEK & BARBER 2011: Figs 26 , 119 ). ........... Quametopia Roháček & Barber, 2011

– Body ranging from yellow to shiny brown or black, with sparse to dense grey tomentum; 2 or 3 strong ors, if only 2 strong ors then additional microsetula anterior to these may be as strong as or stronger than the medial frontal microsetulae; face of female never darker than that of male but the reverse may occur; male gonostylus never bilobed; nlum of distiphallus of various construction but if composed of 2 (partly fused) sclerites they are thicker and terminate in distinctly dilated apex ( Figs 155 , 174 ); female T7+S7 not divided dorsally but S8 longitudinally divided ( Figs 79 , 178 , 253 , 393 , 475 ); spermatheca distally simple, often apically invaginated. ................................ 11

11(9) Only 2 strong ors with additional microsetula anterior to these usually weaker (only very rarely stronger) than medial frontal microsetulae; contrasting silvery grey tomentose stripes present between frontal triangle and posterior part of orbits; if lower part of thoracic pleurae yellow and contrasting with the dark notum ( A. duplex , Figs 146, 147 ) then gonostylus narrowing toward apex ( Fig. 156 ) and female with S7 fused with T7 to form syntergosternum ( Fig. 159 ); thorax never with dense grey tomentum; males always with short thickened ventral setae in distal part of f 3; nlum of distiphallus formed by two thicker, more or less fused sclerites, apically dilated and complex and saccus at most with small rounded tubercles (( Figs 75 , 135 , 174 ); spermathecal ducts short ( Figs 80 , 124 , 199 ). ....................................... Arganthomyza Roháček, 2009 , in part (p. 56)

– Two or 3 strong ors, if only 2 strong ors then additional microsetula anterior to these always stronger than medial frontal microsetulae; contrasting silvery grey tomentose stripes usually absent between frontal triangle and posterior part of orbits, these stripes present only when at least lower half of thoracic pleurae is yellow and contrasting with brown notum ( A. macra group, Figs 205, 206 ) where gonostylus is broad and spatulate ( Figs 208 , 231 ) and the female S7 is separate from T7 ( Fig. 238 ); thorax often with dense grey microtomentum; males with or without modined ventral setae in distal part of f 3; nlum of distiphallus formed by single sclerite, apically simple and saccus with (usually robust) spines ( Figs 212 , 285 , 390 , 465 , 556 ); spermathecal ducts very long (3 times or more as long as those in Fig. 199 ). ........... Anthomyza Fallén, 1810 (p. 105)

Figures

Figs 7–10. Anthomyza gracilis Fallén, 1823, morphology of male (Czech Republic).7 – fore leg posteriorly; 8 – mid leg without coxa, anteriorly; 9 – hind leg without coxa, anteriorly; 10 – thorax laterally. Scales = 0.2 mm.Adapted from Roháček (2006a: Figs 29–32). For abbreviations see p. 11.

Figs 50–53. Ischnomyia albicosta (Walker, 1849), male (Canada: Ontario). 50 – abdomen, ventrally; 51 – f 1, posteriorly; 52 – external genitalia, caudally; 53 – the same, laterally. Scales = 0.3 mm (Fig. 50) and 0.1 mm (others). For abbreviations see p. 11.

Figs 176–183. Arganthomyza disjuncta Roháček & Barber, 2013, paratype female (Canada: Alberta). 176 – spermathecae; 177 – postabdomen, dorsally; 178 – the same, ventrally; 179 – ventral receptacle, laterally; 180 – internal sclerites, ventrally; 181 – the same, laterally; 182 – S10, ventrally; 183 – female genital chamber and apex of postabdomen, laterally. Scales = 0.2 mm (Figs 177, 178), 0.1 mm (Fig. 183) and 0.05 mm (others). Adapted from ROHÁĆEK & BARBER (2013: Figs 129–136).

Figs 184–186.Wings of the Nearctic species of Arganthomyza. 184 – A. disjuncta Roháček & Barber, 2013, paratype male, wing length 2.3 mm (Canada:Alberta); 185, 186 – A. socculata (Zetterstedt, 1847), males, wing length 1.75 mm and 2.2 mm (both USA: Alaska). Photo by K. N. Barber.Adapted from ROHÁĆEK & BARBER (2013: Figs 170–172).

Figs 47–49.Ischnomyia albicosta (Walker, 1849), male. 47 – head and anterior part of thorax, laterally; 48 – neotype laterally; 49 – wing, length 2.6 mm. Figs 47 and 49 based on specimens from Canada: Ontario. Photo by M. Deml (Fig. 47), J. Roháček (Fig. 48) and K. N. Barber (Fig. 49).

Figs 84–85.Wings of the Nearctic species of Arganthomyza. 84 – A. carbo Roháček & Barber, 2013, paratype male, wing length 2.8 mm; 85 – A. vittipennis (Walker, 1857), male, wing length 2.6 mm (both Canada: Ontario). Photo by K. N. Barber. Fig. 84 adapted from ROHÁĆEK & BARBER (2013: Fig. 166).

Fig. 11. Anthomyza gracilis Fallén, 1823, male (Czech Republic), wing, length 2.6 mm. Photo by J. Roháček.Adapted from ROHÁĆEK (2006a: Fig. 36). For abbreviations see p. 11.

Figs 33–34. Fungomyza buccata Roháček & Barber, 2004, paratypes. 33 – paratype male sitting on fungus, body length ca. 2.6 mm; 34 – wing, paratype female, wing length 2.9 mm. Photo by S. A. Marshall (Fig. 33) and K. N. Barber (Fig. 34). Adapted from ROHÁĆEK & BARBER (2004: Figs 13, 14).

Figs 54–59. Ischnomyia albicosta (Walker, 1849), male (Canada: Ontario). 54 – hypandrial complex, ventrally; 55 – transandrium, caudally; 56 – hypandrial complex, laterally; 57 – apex of nlum, subventrally; 58 – aedeagal complex, laterally; 59 – gonostylus, lateroventrocaudally (widest extension). Scales = 0.05 mm (Figs 57, 59) and 0.1 mm (others). For abbreviations see p. 11.

Figs 60–65. Ischnomyia albicosta (Walker, 1849), female (Canada: Ontario, Figs 60, 64; USA: Tennessee, Figs 61–63, 65). 60 – postabdomen, dorsally; 61 – spermathecae; 62 – female internal sclerites, ventrally; 63 – ventral receptacle, sublaterally; 64 – postabdomen, ventrally; 65 – female genital chamber and S8, laterally. Scales = 0.05 mm (Figs 61, 63) and 0.1 mm (others). For abbreviation see p. 11.

Figs 86–89. Arganthomyza vittipennis (Walker, 1857). 86 – A. vittipennis, lectotype female, laterally; 87 – holotype female of Ischnomyia spinosa Hendel, 1911, laterally; 88 – living male of A. vittipennis on a leaf, body length ca. 2.8 mm; 89 – head and anterior part of thorax of male (both from Canada: Ontario: Sault Ste. Marie). Photo by J. Roháček (Figs 86–88) and M. Deml (Fig. 89).

Figs 90–97. Arganthomyza vittipennis (Walker, 1857), male (Canada: Ontario). 90 – external genitalia, caudally; 91 – the same, laterally; 92 – hypandrial complex, laterally; 93 – base of phallapodeme, dorsally; 94 – transandrium, caudally; 95 – apex of nlum, anteroventrally (widest extension); 96 – aedeagal complex, laterally; 97 – gonostylus, lateroventrally (widest extension). Scales = 0.05 mm (Figs 95, 97) and 0.1 mm (others).

Figs 98–105. Arganthomyza vittipennis (Walker, 1857), female (Canada: Ontario). 98 – postabdomen, dorsally; 99, 100 – spermathecae; 101 – postabdomen, ventrally; 102 – ventral receptacle, laterally; 103 – female internal sclerites, ventrally; 104 – the same, laterally; 105 – female genital chamber and apex of postabdomen, laterally. Scales = 0.2 mm (Figs 98, 101), 0.1 mm (Fig. 105) and 0.05 mm (others).

Figs 35–38. Fungomyza buccata Roháček & Barber, 2004, male. 35 – head, laterally; 36 – external genitalia, caudally; 37 – gonostylus, posterolaterally (widest extension); 38 – whole genitalia, laterally. Fig. 35 based on holotype, others on paratype. Scales = 0.3 mm (Fig. 35) and 0.1 mm (others). Adapted from ROHÁĆEK & BARBER (2004: Figs 1–4). For abbreviations see p. 11.

Figs 42–46. Fungomyza buccata Roháček & Barber, 2004, paratype female. 42 – postabdomen, dorsally; 43 – the same, ventrally; 44 – female genital chamber and 8th segment, laterally; 45 – internal sclerites of female genital chamber, ventrally; 46 – spermathecae. Scales = 0.2 mm (Figs 42, 43), 0.1 mm (Figs 44, 45) and 0.05 mm (Fig. 46). Adapted from ROHÁĆEK & BARBER (2004: Figs 8–12). For abbreviations see p. 11.

Figs 70–76. Arganthomyza carbo Roháček & Barber, 2013, paratype male (Canada: Ontario). 70 – external genitalia, caudally; 71 – the same, laterally; 72 – hypandrial complex, laterally; 73 – transandrium, caudally; 74 – apex of nlum of distiphallus, anteroventrally (widest extension); 75 – aedeagal complex, laterally; 76 – gonostylus, ventrolaterally (widest extension). Scales = 0.1 mm. Adapted from ROHÁĆEK & BARBER (2013: Figs 53–59).

Fig. 1. Anthomyza dichroa sp. nov., male, general habitus (Canada: Ontario: Sault Ste. Marie, Bristol Place Park), body length ca. 2.5 mm. Based on photograph by J. Roháček.

Figs 4–6.Anthomyza gracilis Fallén, 1823, morphology of male (Czech Republic). 4 – chaetotaxy of head and thorax, dorsally; 5 – general habitus, dorsally; 6 – chaetotaxy of head, laterally. Scale = 0.5 mm. Adapted from ROHÁĆEK (2006a: Figs 26–28). For abbreviations see p. 11.

Figs 28–32. Anthomyza gracilis Fallén, 1823, morphology of female (Czech Republic). 28 – postabdomen dorsally; 29 – spermatheca; 30 – postabdomen ventrally; 31 – postabdomen laterally; 32 – spermatheca. Scales = 0.05 mm (Figs 29, 32) and 0.2 mm (others). Adapted from ROHÁĆEK (2006a: Figs 53–57). For abbreviations see p. 11.

Figs 12–14. Anthomyza gracilis Fallén, 1823, morphology of male (Czech Republic). 12 – abdomen dorsally; 13 – abdomen ventrally; 14 – genitalia laterally, rest position. Scales = 0.1 mm (Fig. 14) and 0.2 mm (others). Adapted from ROHÁĆEK (2006a: Figs 37–39). For abbreviations see p. 11.

Figs 24–27. Anthomyza gracilis Fallén, 1823, morphology of female (Czech Republic). 24 – abdomen dorsally; 25 – the same, ventrally; 26 – genital chamber (uterus), laterally; 27 – the same, ventrally. Scales = 0.2 mm (Figs 24, 25) and 0.1 mm (others). Adapted from ROHÁĆEK (2006a: Figs 49–52). For abbreviations see p. 11.

Figs 15–17. Anthomyza gracilis Fallén, 1823, morphology of male (Czech Republic). 15 – postabdomen with erect genitalia, laterally; 16 – external genitalia, caudally; 17 – apex of nlum of distiphallus, ventrally. Scales = 0.05 mm (Fig. 17) and 0.1 mm (others). Adapted from ROHÁĆEK (2006a: Figs 40–42). For abbreviations see p. 11.

Figs 77–83. Arganthomyza carbo Roháček & Barber, 2013, paratype female (Canada: Ontario). 77 – ventral receptacle, laterally; 78 – postabdomen, dorsally; 79 – the same, ventrally; 80 – apex of postabdomen and female genital chamber, laterally; 81 – spermathecae; 82 – internal sclerites, ventrally; 83 – the same, laterally. Scales = 0.2 mm (Figs 78, 79), 0.1 mm (Fig. 80) and 0.05 mm (others). Adapted from ROHÁĆEK & BARBER (2013: Figs 60–66).

Figs 392–395. Anthomyza variegata (Loew, 1863), female (Canada: Ontario).392 – postabdomen, laterally; 393 – the same, ventrally; 394 – the same, dorsally; 395 – antenna, dark form, laterally. Scales = 0.2 mm.

Figs 501–507. Anthomyza gilviventris sp. nov., dark form, paratype female (USA: Montana). 501 – spermatheca; 502 – postabdomen, dorsally; 503 – the same, ventrally; 504 – distal part of female genital chamber, laterally; 505 – spermatheca; 506 – end of postabdomen with internal sclerites, laterally; 507 – internal sclerites and S8, ventrally (micropubescence omitted). Scales = 0.05 mm (Figs 501, 505), 0.2 mm (Figs 502, 503) and 0.1 mm (others).

Figs 508–515. Gonostyli (Figs 508–512) of paratypes ventrolaterocaudally (in widest extension) and female postabdominal structures (Figs 513–515) of the Nearctic species of the Anthomyza tschirnhausi group. 508 – A. shewelli sp. nov.(Canada:Ontario); 509 – same species (USA:Montana); 510 – A.gilviventris sp.nov.(Canada:British Columbia); 511, 512 – same species (USA: Colorado); 513 – A. gilviventris sp.nov., paratype female,dark form (USA:Colorado), 8th abdominal segment with internal sclerites, laterally; 514 – same specimen, spermatheca; 515 – same specimen, 7th and 8th abdominal segments, dorsally. Scales = 0.1 mm (Fig. 513), 0.2 mm (Fig. 515) and 0.05 mm (others).

Figs 117–124. Arganthomyza acuticuspis Roháček & Barber, 2013, paratype female (USA: New Mexico). 117 – spermatheca; 118 – postabdomen, dorsally; 119 – the same, ventrally; 120 – spermatheca; 121 – ventral receptacle, laterally; 122 – internal sclerites, ventrally; 123 – the same, laterally; 124 – female genital chamber and apex of postabdomen, laterally. Scales = 0.2 mm (Figs 118, 119), 0.1 mm (Figs 121–124) and 0.05 mm (others). Adapted from ROHÁĆEK & BARBER (2013: Figs 74–81).

Figs 215–221. Anthomyza tenuis (Loew, 1863), female (Canada: Alberta). 215 – spermatheca; 216 – postabdomen, dorsally; 217 – the same, ventrally; 218 – internal sclerites, laterally; 219 – the same, ventrally; 220 – distal part of female genital chamber, laterally; 221 – spermatheca. Scales = 0.2 mm (Figs 216, 217), 0.05 mm (Figs 215, 221) and 0.1 mm (Figs 218–220).

Figs 287–293. Anthomyza mcalpinei sp. nov., paratype female (Canada: Ontario). 287 – postabdomen, dorsally; 288 – spermatheca; 289 – postabdomen, ventrally; 290 – distal part of female genital chamber, laterally; 291 – female internal sclerites and apex of postabdomen, laterally; 292 – internal sclerites, ventrally; 293 – spermatheca. Scales = 0.2 mm (Figs 287, 289), 0.05 mm (Figs 288, 293) and 0.1 mm (others).

Figs 474–480. Anthomyza shewelli sp. nov., paratype female, typical form (Canada: Ontario). 474 – postabdomen, dorsally; 475 – the same, ventrally; 476 – distal part of female genital chamber, laterally; 477 – end of postabdomen with internal sclerites, laterally; 478 – internal sclerites and S8, ventrally (micropubescence omitted); 479 – spermathecae; 480 – spermatheca of another specimen. Scales = 0.2 mm (Figs 474, 475), 0.1 mm (Figs 476–478) and 0.05 mm (Figs 479, 480).

Figs 267–273. Anthomyza pengellyi sp. nov., paratype female (Canada: Ontario). 267 – spermatheca; 268 – postabdomen, dorsally; 269 – the same, laterally; 270 – the same, ventrally; 271 – spermatheca; 272 – female internal sclerites, ventrally; 273 – female genital chamber laterally.Scales = 0.05 mm (Figs 267, 271), 0.2 mm (Figs 268–270) and 0.1 mm (others). For abbreviations see p. 11.

Figs 396–400.Anthomyza variegata (Loew, 1863), female (Canada: Ontario) and male (USA: District of Columbia). 396 – female genital chamber and apex of female postabdomen, laterally; 397 – female genital chamber, ventrally; 398 – female scutellum, dorsally; 399 – spermathecae; 400 – male gonostylus, laterocaudally (widest exension, micropubescence omitted).Scales = 0.1 mm (Figs 396–398) and 0.05 mm (Figs 399, 400).For abbreviations see p. 11.

Figs 536–543. Anthomyza furvifrons sp. nov., paratype female (Canada: Ontario). 536 – postabdomen, laterally; 537 – the same, dorsally; 538 – the same, ventrally; 539 – female genital chamber and S8, laterally (pleural micropubescence omitted); 540, 541 – spermathecae; 542 – internal sclerites, ventrally; 543 – apex of ventral receptacle, ventrally. Scales = 0.2 mm (Figs 536–538), 0.1 mm (539, 542) and 0.05 mm (others).

Figs 18–23. Anthomyza gracilis Fallén, 1823, morphology of male (Czech Republic). 18 – hypandrial complex, ventrally; 19 – the same, laterally; 20 – transandrium, caudally; 21 – ventral appendage of caudal process, ventrally; 22 – aedeagal complex, laterally; 23 – gonostylus, widest extension view. Scales = 0.05 mm (Fig. 23) and 0.1 mm (others). Adapted from ROHÁĆEK (2006a: Figs 43–48). For abbreviations see p. 11.

Figs 150–156.Arganthomyza duplex Roháček & Barber, 2013,paratype male (Canada:Ontario).150 – external genitalia, caudally; 151 – the same, laterally; 152 – hypandrial complex, laterally; 153 – transandrium, caudally; 154 – apex of nlum, anteroventrally (widest extension); 155 – aedeagal complex, laterally; 156 – gonostylus, lateroventrocaudally (widest extension). Scales = 0.1 mm.Adapted from ROHÁĆEK & BARBER (2013: Figs 106–112).

Figs 168–175. Arganthomyza disjuncta Roháček & Barber, 2013, paratype male (Canada:Alberta). 168 – external genitalia, caudally; 169 – base of phallapodeme, dorsally; 170 – external genitalia, laterally; 171 – hypandrial complex, laterally; 172 – transandrium, caudally; 173 – apex of nlum of distiphallus, anteroventrally (widest extension); 174 – aedeagal complex, laterally; 175 – gonostylus, lateroventrally (widest extension). Scales = 0.05 mm (Figs 173, 175) and 0.1 mm (others). Adapted from ROHÁĆEK & BARBER (2013: Figs 122–128).

Figs 249–255. Anthomyza silvatica sp. nov., paratype female (Canada: Ontario).249 – postabdomen, dorsally; 250 – spermatheca; 251 – distal part of ventral receptacle, sublaterally; 252 – spermatheca; 253 – postabdomen, ventrally; 254 – internal sclerites, ventrally; 255 – female genital chamber and end of postabdomen, laterally. Scales = 0.05 mm (Figs 250–252) and 0.1 mm (others).

Figs 146–149. Living Arganthomyza duplex Roháček & Barber, 2013 and its habitat. 146 – mating pair of A. duplex, laterally, body length ca. 2.3–2.9 mm; 147 – male, laterally, body length 2.5 mm; 148 – female, laterally, body length ca. 3 mm; 149 – fern-dominated undergowth of mixed forest, habitat of A. duplex and A. carbo (all photos from Canada: Ontario: Dubreuilville). Photo by J. Roháček. Fig. 146 adapted from ROHÁĆEK & BARBER (2013: Fig. 100).

Figs 157–163. Arganthomyza duplex Roháček & Barber, 2013, paratype female (Canada:Ontario). 157 – spermathecae; 158 – postabdomen, dorsally; 159 – the same, ventrally; 160 – internal sclerites, ventrally; 161 – the same, laterally; 162 – ventral receptacle, whole laterally and apex ventrally; 163 – female genital chamber and apex of postabdomen, laterally. Scales = 0.05 mm (Fig. 157), 0.2 mm (Figs 158, 159) and 0.1 mm (others). Adapted from ROHÁĆEK & BARBER (2013: 113–120).

Figs 131–135. Arganthomyza bivittata Roháček & Barber, 2013, paratype male (Canada:Ontario). 131 – hypandrial complex, ventrally; 132 – transandrium, caudally; 133 – hypandrium, laterally; 134 – apex of nlum, subventrally (widest extension); 135 – aedeagal complex, laterally. Scales = 0.05 mm (Fig. 134) and 0.1 mm (others). For abbreviations see p. 11. Adapted from ROHÁĆEK & BARBER (2013: Figs 85–89).

Figs 195–202. Arganthomyza socculata (Zetterstedt, 1847), female (USA: Alaska). 195 – postabdomen, dorsally; 196 – spermatheca; 197 – internal sclerites and apex of postabdomen, laterally; 198 – internal sclerites, ventrally; 199 – distal part of female genital chamber,laterally; 200 – spermatheca; 201 – postabdomen, ventrally; 202 – ventral receptacle, laterally. Scales = 0.2 mm (Figs 195, 201), 0.1 mm (Figs 197–199) and 0.05 mm (others).Adapted from ROHÁĆEK & BARBER (2013: Figs 152–159).

Figs 203–206.Primary types of the Nearctic species of the Anthomyza macra group and their habitat. 203 – A. tenuis (Loew, 1863), lectotype male, laterally and its type labels, body length 2.74 mm; 204 – habitat of the Nearctic species of the A. macra group in Moosonee (Canada: Ontario); 205 – A. silvatica sp. nov., holotype male, laterally, body length 2.50 mm; 206 – A. oblonga sp. nov., holotype male, laterally, body length 2.65 mm. Photo by K. N. Barber (Fig. 204) and J. Roháček (others).

Figs 207–214. Anthomyza tenuis (Loew, 1863), male (Canada: Alberta – Fig. 209 and USA: New York – others). 207 – external genitalia, caudally; 208 – the same, laterally; 209 – hypandrial complex, laterally; 210 – transandrium, caudally; 211 – apex of nlum, subventrally; 212 – aedeagal complex, laterally; 213 – ejacapodeme (widest extension); 214 – gonostylus, sublaterally (widest extension, micropubescence omitted). Scales = 0.05 mm (Fig. 211) and 0.1 mm (others).

Figs 225–231. Anthomyza oblonga sp. nov., paratype male (Canada: Ontario). 225 – external genitalia, caudally; 226 – the same, laterally; 227 – hypandrial complex, laterally; 228 – transandrium, caudally; 229 – apex of nlum, lateroventrally (widest extension); 230 – aedeagal complex, laterally; 231 – gonostylus,sublaterally (widest extension, micropubescence omitted). Scales = 0.05 mm (Fig. 229) and 0.1 mm (others).

Figs 232–238. Anthomyza oblonga sp. nov., paratype female (Canada: Ontario). 232 – abdomen, dorsally; 233 –female genital chamber and S8 (with setosity omitted), laterally; 234 – postabdomen, dorsally; 235 – spermatheca; 236 – internal sclerites, ventrally; 237 – spermatheca; 238 – postabdomen, ventrally. Scales = 0.3 mm (Fig. 232), 0.05 mm (Figs 235, 237) and 0.1 mm (others).

Figs 280–286. Anthomyza mcalpinei sp. nov., paratype male (Canada: Ontario). 280 – external genitalia, caudally; 281 – the same, laterally; 282 – hypandrial complex, laterally; 283 – transandrium, caudally; 284 – apex of nlum, subventrally (widest extension); 285 – aedeagal complex, laterally; 286 – gonostylus, ventrolaterocaudally (widest extension). Scales = 0.05 mm (Fig. 284) and 0.1 mm (others).

Figs 385–391. Anthomyza variegata (Loew, 1863), male (Canada: Ontario). 385 – external genitalia, caudally; 386 – the same, laterally; 387 – hypandrial complex, laterally; 388 – transandrium, caudally; 389 – apex of nlum, subventrally; 390 – aedeagal complex, laterally; 391 – gonostylus, laterocaudally (widest extension). Scales = 0.05 mm (Fig. 389) and 0.1 mm (others).

Figs 460–466. Anthomyza shewelli sp. nov., paratype male, typical form (Canada: Ontario). 460 – external genitalia, caudally; 461 – apex of nlum, subventrally; 462 – external genitalia, laterally; 463 – hypandrial complex, laterally; 464 – transandrium, caudally; 465 – aedeagal complex, laterally; 466 – gonostylus, ventrolaterocaudally (widest extension). Scales = 0.05 mm (Figs 461, 466) and 0.1 mm (others).

Figs 551–559. Anthomyza vulgaris sp. nov., paratype male (Canada: Ontario). 551 – external genitalia, caudally; 552 – the same, laterally; 553 – hypandrial complex, laterally; 554 – transandrium, caudally; 555 – caudal process of transandrium, ventrally; 556 – aedeagal complex, laterally; 557 – apex of nlum, subventrally; 558 – armature of right wall of aedeagal part of folding apparatus; 559 – gonostylus, ventrolaterocaudally (widest extension). Scales = 0.05 mm (Figs 557, 559) and 0.1 mm (others).