Anthomyza variegata ( Loew, 1863 )

Roháćek, Jindřich & Barber, Kevin N., 2016, Nearctic Anthomyzidae: a monograph of Anthomyza and allied genera (Diptera), Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (suppl.) 56, pp. 1-412 : 231-243

Anthomyza variegata ( Loew, 1863)

( Figs 381 , 385–400 , 437 )

Anthophilina variegata Loew, 1863: 324 ; OSTEN SACKEN (1878): 198 (catalogue).

Anthomyza variegata: CZERNY (1902) : 251 (key), 254 (list); ALDRICH (1905): 645 (catalogue); MELANDER (1913): 293 (key, distribution); SABROSKY (1965): 819 (catalogue); COLE (1969): 436 (distribution); ROHÁĆEK (1998a): 173 (checklist).

Type material. LECTOTYPE: ♂ (designated herewith): “variegata m.” (Loew’s handwriting), “Loew Coll.”, “ Type 13428” (red label), “ LECTOTYPUS ♂ Anthophilina variegata Loew, J. Roháček & K. N. Barber des. 2013” (red) and “ Anthomyza variegata (Loew) ♂, J. Roháček & K. N. Barber det. 2013”. The specimen is in good condition, with clearly visible genitalia (see Fig. 381 ) ( MCZC, intact) . PARALECTOTYPE: ♀, “36”, “D. C.”, “Loew Coll.”, “Type 13428” (red label), “ PARALECTOTYPUS ♀ Anthophilina variegata Loew, J. Roháček & K. N. Barber des. 2013” (red) and “ Anthomyza variegata (Loew) ♀, J. Roháček & K. N. Barber det. 2013” ( MCZC, intact).According to the original description ( LOEW 1863), these specimens originate from USA: District [of] Columbia and were collected by Osten Sacken. Both type specimens belong to the pale form (see below). The lectotype and paralectotype are designated because LOEW (1863) did not explicitly enumerate specimens he used for the description and owing to the necessity to nx the status of the species inasmuch as there are another three closely related Nearctic species hitherto confused under the name A. variegata .

Other material examined. CANADA: ONTARIO: Burlington, edge Tuck Ck, 43°21.2'N 79°46.6'W, pooter, Bromus inermis , 16.vii.1997, 1 ♀, sweeps/pooter, Bromus inermis , 18.vii.1997, 1 ♂, 20.vii.1997, 1 ♀; Burlington, Royal Botanical Gdn., 43°17.5'N 79°52.4'W, sweeps/pooter, Calamagrostis canadensis , 16.vii.1997, 1 ♀; same locality but 43°17.8'N 79°52.6'W, sweeps, trailside vegetation in mixed hardwood, 14.vii.2002, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ (all CNCI), 15.vii.2002, 3 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ ( AMNH), 16.vii.2002, 2 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ ( CASC), all K. N. Barber leg.; same locality but trailside sweeps, mostly Carex , Fragaria , Solidago , 18.vii.2002, 5 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ ( CNCI 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, SMOC 3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 1 ♀ genit. prep.); same locality but 43°17.79'N 79°52.61'W, trailside sweeps, mostly Carex , Fragaria , Solidago , 27.vii.2003, 2 ♂♂ 11 ♀♀ ( CNCI 1 ♂ 10 ♀♀, SMOC 1 ♂ 1 ♀, both genit. prep.), sweeps, trailside vegetation, 18.viii.2014, 1 ♀ ( CNCI); same locality but 43°17.78'N 79°52.61'W, sweeps, trailside vegetation in mixed hardwood, 6.ix.2005, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ( CNCI), all K. N. Barber leg.; Fergus, yard near Grand R., 27.vii.1995, 1 ♂, S. A. Marshall leg. ( DEBU); Fergus, 43°41.5'N 80°23.2'W, Grand R. noodplain, sweeps/pooter, Bromus inermis , 17.vii.1997, 1 ♀, K. N. Barber leg. ( DEBU); Fergus nr. Guelph, Grand River, riverside vegetation, 30.vii.1994, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, J. Roháček leg. ( SMOC, 1 ♀ genit prep.); Lake Simcoe, Sibbald Point Prov. Pk., sweep humid forest along stream, 29.vi.2001, 1 ♂, S. E. Brooks leg. ( LEMQ 0040107); Guelph, 3.vii.1979, 1 ♂, K. N. Barber leg. ( DEBU); Ottawa, 19.vii.1946, 1 ♂, A. R. Brooks leg., 6.vii.1963, 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, 13.vii.1963, 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, J. R. Vockeroth leg. ( CNCI); Pelee Island, Stone Rd., behind alvar, 41°45.2'N 82°38.3'W, sweeps, graminoids/ Impatiens under canopy, 8.vi.2002, 4 ♀♀, sweeps, Carex under canopy, 9.vi.2002, 2 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, K. N. Barber leg. ( DEBU); Haldimand-Norfolk Co., Port Ryerse, along stream, 15.vii.1986, 1 ♂ (headless), R. Danielsson leg. ( MZLU); Rondeau P. Pk., 1.ix.1979, 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀, L. Masner leg. ( DEBU); same locality but South Point Trail, 26.vi.1985, 1 ♀ ( DEBU); same locality but South Point Trail, east parking lot, 42°16'48"N 81°51'17"W, sweeps, mostly Impatiens / Carex , 29.vii.2003, 4 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ ( DEBU 01500150–57); same locality but Spicebush Trail, 42°18'08"N 81°51'13"W, sweeps, mostly Impatiens / Carex , 29.vii.2003, 3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ ( DEBU 01500142–47); Short Hills P. Pk., Terrace Ck. Trail east loop, 43°05.8'N 79°16.1'W, mostly Carex / Impatiens in mixed hardwood, sweeps, 17.vii.2002, 4 ♂♂ 1 ♀, all K. N. Barber leg. ( DEBU); Simcoe, 26.vi.1939, 1 ♀, G. E. Shewell leg. ( CNCI); Essex Co., Windsor, Broadway Park & Black Oak Savannah Park, 5–7.vii.2007, 1 ♀, S. M.Paiero leg.( DEBU 00299926). QUEBEC: Mt-St-Hilaire, 45°32.3'N 73°09.4'W, el. 150–200 m, sweep in deciduous forest, CJB07-02, 19.vi.2007, 1 ♂, C. Borkent leg. ( LEMQ 0040536); MontSt-Hilaire Reserve, Pain de Sucre Trail, sweep along trail in forest, 27.vi.2001, 2 ♀♀, S. E. Brooks leg. ( LEMQ 0040108, -09); Mont-St-Hilaire Biosphere Reserve, Pain de Sucre Trail, 27.vi.2001, sweep trail edge, 1 ♂, S. E. Brooks leg. ( LEMQ 0040315), sweep at brook, 27.vi.2001, 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, M. Pollet leg. ( LEMQ 0040365, -66, -73, -76); Old Chelsea, Summit King Mt., 1150', 16.vi.1963, 1 ♀, J. R. Vockeroth leg. ( CNCI); Trois Rivières, western outskirts, forest, swept, eclector, (Universität Bielefeld, X989), 25.viii.1994, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, M.v. Tschirnhaus leg. ( ZSMC, in ethanol). UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: ALABAMA: Monroe Co., 1 mi S Claiborne Dam, 31°35'30"N 87°32'12"W, 29–30.v.1995, 1 ♂, J. A. MacGown leg. ( MEMU); DeKalb Co., DeSoto St. Pk., 1600–1700', T6S, R10E, Sec.19W, mercury vapor & black light trap, William H. Cross Expedition, 18.v.1990, 1 ♀, D. Hildebrand & T. Schiefer leg. ( MEMU). COLORADO: Evergreen, grassland slope, 22.viii.1943, 1 ♀, M. T. James leg. ( USNM, genit. prep.). CONNECTICUT: Redding, 3.vi.1933, 1 ♀, A. L. Melander leg. ( USNM). DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: [no other data], 1 ♂, J. M. Aldrich leg. ( USNM); Deanwood, nr. brook, 9.vi.1991, 5 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, M. Barták leg. ( MBPC 3 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ genit. prep., SMOC 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 1 ♂ genit. prep.); Rock Creek, 3.viii.1913, 1 ♀, R. C. Shannon leg.; Theodore Roosevelt Island, 4.vi.1977, 1 ♀, W. N. Mathis leg.; Washington, 17.viii.1913, 3 ♂♂, A. L. Melander leg. (all USNM). GEORGIA: Lumpkin Co., 15 mi NW Dahlonega, 2.vi.1971, 1 ♀, G. Hicks leg. ( LACM); Rabun Co., Pine Mountain, 1400', 4.v.1957, 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 14.v.1957, 1 ♀, J. R. Vockeroth leg. ( CNCI). ILLINOIS: Champaign Co., 19.vi.1926, 1 ♀, V. Q. Smith leg. ( CNCI); Williamson Co., 3 mi S Crab Orchard Lake, 17.viii.1969, 1 ♂, J. C. Marlin leg. ( INHS 40,202); Dongola, 10.v.1916, 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, [no collector] ( INHS 40,169–73); McLean Co., Downs, 10.vi.1969, 1 ♂, D. W. Webb & J. C. Marlin leg. ( INHS 40,212); Dubois, 22.v.1917, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, [no collector] ( INHS 40,166–68); Alexander Co., Horseshoe Lake, T16S, R2N, Sec.16, sweeps, (#83032), 7.vi.1983, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, I. S. Askevold leg. ( DEBU); Union Co., 0.7 mi NE Lick Creek, 24.v.1976, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, D. W. Webb leg. ( INHS 40,203–05); Macomb, river-woods, 29.v.1962, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, W. W. Wirth leg. ( USNM); Urbana, university forest, 28.viii.1915, 1 ♂, [no collector] ( INHS 40,162); White Heath, 20.v.1916, 1 ♀, 3.vi.1917, 1 ♂, [no collector] ( INHS 40,163, -64). INDIANA: Lafayette, 19.vi.1922, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 22.vi.1922, 1 ♀, E. W. Stafford leg., 4.viii.1922, 1 ♀, [no collector] ( MEMU); Lafayette, “viii-5”, 1 ♂, 27.vi.1916, 1 ♀ (headless), Elymus canadensis , 30.v.1917, 1 ♀ (genit. prep.), J. M. Aldrich leg. ( USNM); Lafayette, 19.vii.1916, 1 ♂, [-]. vii.1931, 1 ♀, J. M. Aldrich leg. ( SMOC, ♀ genit. prep.). IOWA: Ames, 25.vi.1947, 1 ♀, A. R. Brooks leg ( CNCI). KENTUCKY: Franklin Co., Cove Springs Park, 38°13'N 84°51'W, 26.v.–28.vii.2005, Malaise trap, 1 ♀, Lindsay & Edelen leg. ( LACM); Mammoth Cave, Nat. Pk., 23.viii.1981, 1 ♂, J. R. Vockeroth leg. ( CNCI). MARYLAND: Prince Georges Co., Beltsville, 14.v.1979, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, A. Freidberg leg. ( TAUI, 1 ♀ headless); Mongomery Co., Bethesda, 18.v.1968, 1 ♂, 26.v.1968, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 1.vi.1968, 2 ♂♂, 2.vi.1968, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 4.vi.1968, 2 ♂♂ (1 ♂ genit. prep.), 17.v.1969, 1 ♀, 25.v.1970, 1 ♀, 27.v.1972, 1 ♂, 27.vii.1972, 2 ♀♀, 29.v.1977, 2 ♂♂, 11.vi.1978, 1 ♂, G. Steyskal leg.; P[rince] G[eorge’s] Co., Camp Springs, blacklight trap, 9.vi.1979, 1 ♂, G. F. Hevel leg.; Chesapeake Beach, 30.v.1924, 1 ♀, J. R. Malloch leg.; Colesville, 11.vii.1974, 1 ♂, 4.vi.1977, 1 ♂, 14.vi.1977, 1 ♂, 18.vi.1977, 1 ♂; Montgomery Co., Colesville, Malaise trap, 26.vi.1977, 1 ♂, 3.viii.1979, 1 ♂, all W. W. Wirth leg. (all USNM); Howard Co., Dayton, Pig Tail Recreation Area, 39°13'08.37"N 77°00'23.20"W, damp undergrowth, 22.vi.2014, 6 ♂♂ 1 ♀ ( GAFC 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 2 ♂♂ genit. prep., SMOC 3 ♂♂, 1 ♂ genit. prep., 2 ♂♂ used for molecular analysis), 20.vii.2014, 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀, G. A. & A. M. Foster leg. ( GAFC); Montgomery Co., Dickerson, 14.vii.1974, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, G. A. Foster leg.; College Park, 7.v.1969, 1 ♂, G. F. Hevel leg.; Glen Echo, 21.viii.1921, 1 ♀, 16.vii.1922, 1 ♀, 20.v.1923, 1 ♂, J. R. Malloch leg.; Lavale, 9.v.1970, 1 ♀, G. Steyskal leg. (all USNM); Prince Georges Co., Patuxent Nat. Wildlife Refuge, 30.vi.1986, 1 ♂, R. Danielsson leg. ( MZLU, genit. prep.); Plummers Island, 9.vi.1913, 1 ♀, R. C. Shannon leg. ( SMOC); Plummers Island, 23.vi.1907, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 2.vi.1912, 1 ♀, 9.v.1913, 1 ♂, 17.vi.1913, 2 ♀♀, 3.viii.1913, 1 ♀ (headless), 7.vi.1914, 1 ♀, W. L. McAtee leg., 5.viii.1913, 1 ♀, 8.v.1915, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, R. C. Shannon leg., 29.viii.1971, 1 ♀, G. F. Hevel leg.; near Plummers Island, at light, 12.viii.1914, 1 ♀, R. C. Shannon leg.; Somerset Co., Snow Hill, swamp margin, 19.v.1968, 1 ♀,W.W.Wirth leg. (all USNM); Montgomery Co., Wheaton, 27–28.v.1979, 1 ♂, 25.vi.1979, 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, 3.vii.1979, 1 ♀, 16.viii.1979, 1 ♂ (headless) 1 ♀ (genit. prep.), A. Freidberg leg. ( TAUI). MASSACHUSETTS: Catoctin, Mt. Park, Chestnut wood, 15.vi.1991, 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ ( MBPC, 1 ♂ genit. prep.); Catoctin, Mt. Park (Lantz), 15.vi.1991, edge of wood, 1 ♂ ( MBPC), meadow nr. pond, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ( SMOC 1 ♂, MBPC 1 ♀, genit. prep.); Catoctin, Mt. Park, Owen’s Creek, 15.vi.1991, 3 ♀♀, all M. Barták leg. ( MBPC 2 ♀♀, SMOC 1 ♀, genit. prep); Concord, fern bog, 22.vii.1961, 1 ♀, W. W. Wirth leg. ( USNM); Franklin Co., ~0.5 km E Farley, 42°36.16'N 72°25.94'W, sweeps, asters, ferns, Impatiens , Rubus , under canopy, 26.vii.2006, 1 ♀, K. N. Barber leg. ( CNCI); Petersham, [-]. vii.1926, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (♂ headless), 30.vii.1926, 1 ♂, A. L. Melander leg. ( USNM); Woods Hole, 20–30.vi.1913, 1 ♂, 13.vii.1913, 1 ♂ ( USNM), 1–20.ix.1922, 1 ♂ ( LACM),A. H. Sturtevant leg. MICHIGAN: Detroit, 20.vi.1940, 1 ♀, G. C. Steyskal leg. ( USNM). MISSOURI: St. Louis, Forest Park, 10–22.vi.1983, 1 ♂, C. E. Dyte leg. ( BMNH); Washington Co., 14. vi.1951, 1 ♀, H. D. Stalker leg. ( AMNH). NEW HAMPSHIRE: Hillsborough Co., Nashua, Long Hill, 42°42'59"N 71°27'04"W, 20 m, 27–28.vi.2004, 1 ♀, S. D. & A. V. Gaimari leg. ( CSCA). NEW JERSEY: Fort Lee, 25.v.1923,1 ♀, A. H. Sturtevant leg.; Ocean Co., [-].v.[-], 2 ♀♀, [no collector] (all USNM). NEW YORK: Bear Mt., 31.v.1937, 1 ♂, A. L. Melander leg.; Buffalo, 27.vi.1908, 1 ♀, M. C. Van Duzee leg. (both USNM); Cold Spring Harbor, L[ong] I[sland], 26.vii.1932, 1 ♀, C. H. Curran leg., [-].viii.[-], 1 ♀ (headless), A. L. Melander leg. ( AMNH); Millwood, 21.vi.1936, 1 ♀, H. K. Townes leg.; Poughkeepsie, 25.viii.1936, 1 ♂, H.K. Townes leg.; Chautauqua Co., S. Dayton, marsh area, 1.vi.1963, 1 ♀, W. W. Wirth leg. (all USNM). NORTH CAROLINA: Graham Co., Asheville, 5.vi.1976, 1 ♂, G. E Bohart leg. ( LACM); Yancey Co., Black Mt. Campground, 35.753°N 82.219°W, 3009', sweep deciduous forest near river, 27.v.2008, 9 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, M. Forrest leg.; Yancey Co., Forest Rd. 432 nr. Black Mt. Campground, 35.7313°N 82.2383°W, sweep forest edge, 27.v.2008, 1 ♀, J. Mlynarek leg., 1 ♂, T. A. Wheeler leg., 2 ♂♂, M. Forrest leg.; Yancey Co., Pisgah Nat. Forest, Black Mt. Campground, 35.7525°N 82.2194°W, 917 m, sweep by river, 27.v.2008, 4 ♂♂ 1 ♀, T. A. Wheeler leg. (all LEMQ); Cherokee, sweeps, 4.vi.1979, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, M. J. Sharkey leg. ( DEBU); Graham Co., Cherokee, 5.vi.1976, 1 ♂, G. E Bohart leg. ( LACM); Transylvania Co., Cove Creek Campground, Davidson River, 35.2814°N 82.8142°W, 780 m, sweep path by river, 17.v.2008, 2 ♂♂, J. Mlynarek leg. ( LEMQ); Franklin, 2000', 8.v.1957, 1 ♀; Great Smoky Mt. Nat. Pk., Mingus Creek nr. Cherokee, 2000', 29.v.1957, 1 ♀; Highlands, 3800', 16.v.1957, 1 ♂, all J. R. Vockeroth leg.; Lake Toxaway, 12.vii.1957, 1 ♀, J. G. Chillcott leg.; Looking Glass Rock nr. Pisgah Forest, 2500', 19.vii.1957, 1 ♂; Mt. Mitchell, 6500–6684', 5.vi.1962, 1 ♀, both J. R. Vockeroth leg. (all CNCI); Transylvania Co., Pisgah N. F., picnic area by Hwy 276, 35.30°N 82.77°W, 2819', sweep near river, 17.v. 2008, 2 ♂♂, J. Mlynarek leg. ( LEMQ); Rich Mt., 2000', 31.vii.1957, 1 ♂, W. R. Richards leg. ( CNCI); Graham Co., Robbinsville, 9.vi.1976, 6 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, G. E Bohart leg. ( LACM); Wayah Bald, 4100', 29.vii.1957, 1 ♀, W. R. Richards leg. ( CNCI). OHIO: Hocking Co., Coovert Nature Preserve, 39°27.2'N 82°36.8'W, sweep along stream in forest gully, 19.v.2003, 1 ♂, T. A. Wheeler leg. ( LEMQ 0040342), sweep grassy hillside, 18.v.2003, 1 ♀, S. Boucher leg. ( LEMQ 0040329); Hocking Co., Laurel Twp., Crane Hollow Nature Preserve, 39°29'30"N 82°34'53"W, sweep along stream in forest, 19.v.2003, 1 ♂, T.A. Wheeler leg. ( LEMQ 0040358), 1 ♀, S. Boucher leg. ( LEMQ 0040378); Portage Co., Northeast City Kent, 41.09°N 81.30°W, 20.v.2007, 1 ♀, B. A. Foote leg. ( CMNH); Woodside, 8.vi.1940, 1 ♀, A. L. Melander leg. ( USNM, headless). PENNSYLVANIA: Berks Co., French Creek State Park, #2, 350', 3.vii.1958, 1 ♂, G. Byers leg. ( SEMC); Glenside, “7.5”.1909, 1 ♀, [no collector] ( USNM); Lycoming Co., Ralston, 8.vi.1962, 1 ♀, J. R.Vockeroth leg.( CNCI); Centre Co., State College, 11.vi.1975, 1 ♂, D. D. Wilder leg. ( CASC). SOUTH CAROLINA: Anderson, 21.vii.1957, 1 ♂, W. R. Richards leg. ( CNCI). ENNESSEE: Wilson Co., Cedars of Leb[anon] St. Park, 19.v.1979, 2 ♂♂, G. C. Steyskal leg. ( USNM); East Ridge, 6.v.1952, 1 ♀, 9.v.1952, 2 ♀♀, G. S. Walley leg. ( CNCI); Cades Cove, GSMNP, sweeps, 2.vi.1979, 1 ♀ (genit. prep.), 5. vi.1979, 30 ♂♂ 19 ♀♀ (1 ♂ genit. prep., 1 ♂ wing illustration), M. J. Sharkey leg. ( DEBU); Blount Co., Cades Cove, Great Smoky Mts. N. P., 1600', 26.viii.1986, 1 ♂, G. T. Baker leg. ( MEMU); Blount Co., SW corner of Cades Cove, Gt. Smokies National Park, 24.v.2001, 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, B. A. Foote leg. ( CMNH); Blount Co., Grt. Smoky Mt. N. P., SW corner of Cades Cove, swept wetland, 23.v.2001, 2 ♀♀, Foote & Keiper leg. ( CLEV); Great Smoky Mt. National Park, SW Cades Cove area, swept wetland vegetation, 28.vi.2001, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, J. B. Keiper leg. ( CLEV); Cocke Co., Forney Ridge Trail, Clingman’s Dome, Great Smokey Mountain N. P., 35°33'N 83°29'W, 6000 ft, (9911), N.P.S. Permit #GRSM-99-074, 29.v.1999, 1 ♀, S. D. Gaimari leg. ( USNM); Townsend, sweeps, 2.vi.1979, 13 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀, M. J. Sharkey leg. ( DEBU, 1 ♀ genit. prep.). VIRGINIA: Alexandria, fern bog, 27.v.1951, 1 ♂, stream margin, 15.vii.1951, 1 ♀, Dyke Marsh, 13.v.1958, 1 ♀, W. W. Wirth leg.; Shenandoah Co., Basye, 21.vii.1974, 1 ♂, G. A. Foster (all USNM); Blacksburg, 2100', 28.v.1962, 1 ♂, J. G. Chillcott leg. ( CNCI); Bath Co., Blowing Spring Campground, 8 mi W Warm Springs, 28.vi.1982, 1 ♂, Mathis & Flint leg.; Bon Air, 1.vi.1936, 1 ♂, 15.viii.1936, 1 ♀, [no collector] (all USNM); Giles Co., Buckeye’s Mountain Retreat campground, 17–21.vi.2005, 1 ♀, S. M. Paiero leg. ( DEBU 00287220); Chain Bridge, 7.v.1922, 1 ♀, 14.v.1924, 1 ♀, J. R. Malloch leg. ( USNM); Patrick Co., Fairy Stone St. Pk., 1000' [some mistakenly labeled 11000'], 30.v.1962, 5 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, J. R. Vockeroth leg. ( CNCI); Falls Church, 26.vi.1951, 1 ♂, 1.vi.1954, 1 ♀, light trap, 1.vi.1958, 1 ♀, W. W. Wirth leg. ( USNM); Falls Church, 13.vii.1954, 1 ♂, [no collector] ( AMNH); Falls Church, Holmes Run, light trap, 10.v.1951, 1 ♂, 10.vi.1951, 1 ♀, 20.vi.1960, 1 ♂, 25.vi.1960, 1 ♀, 26.vi.1960, 1 ♀, 6.viii.1960, 1 ♀, 13.v.1961, 1 ♂, 26.v.1961, 1 ♀, 12.vi.1961, 2 ♂♂, 14.vi.1961, 1 ♂, 17.vi.1961, 1 ♂, 5.vii.1961, 1 ♀, 17.ix.1961, 1 ♀, 2.vi.1962, 1 ♀, W.W. Wirth leg. ( USNM); Dickenson Co., Cranes Nest R., 1250', 4 mi SE Clintwood, 10.v.2004, 1 ♂, J. Runyon leg. ( MTEC); Glencarlyn, 7.v.1922, 1 ♂, W. L. McAtee leg., 23.v.1925, 1 ♀ (genit. prep.), J. R. Malloch leg.; Great Falls, 9.vii.1926, 1 ♀, A. L. Melander leg. (all USNM); Martinsville, 800', 30.v.1962, 1 ♂, J. R. Vockeroth leg. ( CNCI); Alexandria Co., Maywood, 4.vi.1922, 5 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, W. L. McAtee leg. ( USNM, 1 ♂ with abdomen glued to point, 1 ♂ genit. prep., 1 ♀ headless, 1 ♀ wingless); Shenandoah Co., Mt. Jackson, 25.v.1962, 6 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀, J. R. Vockeroth leg., 1 ♂ 1 ♀ 1 spec. (missing abdomen), J. G. Chillcott leg.; Giles Co., Mountain Lake, 3200', 28.v.1962, 1 ♀, J. G. Chillcott leg.; same locality but 3800', 26.v.1962, 1 ♀, 31.v.1962, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, J. G. Chillcott leg., 29.v.1962, 2 ♀♀, J. R. Vockeroth leg. (all CNCI); Giles Co., Mt. Lake, 9.ix.1976, 1 ♂, G. Steyskal leg. ( USNM); Giles Co., Mount. Lake Biol. Stn., 37°22'31"N 80°31'18"W, sweep nr. station, 20.v.2005, 1 ♀, S. A. Marshall leg. ( DEBU 00252849); Giles Co., Mt. Lake Biol. Sta., 3850', #90, 26.v.1972, 1 ♂, G. Byers & N. Penny leg., #108, 17.vi.1975, 1 ♀, G. W. Byers leg. ( SEMC); Smyth Co., Mt. Rogers, 5300–5700', 1.v.1962, 1 ♀, J. R. Vockeroth leg. ( CNCI); near Plummers Island, MD [Maryland], 20.v.1914, 1 ♀, R. C. Shannon leg. ( USNM); Prince William Co. & Forest Pk., Pyrite Mine, 38°34.6'N 77°22'W, 6.vii.1993, 1 ♀, D. & W. N. Mathis leg. ( USNM); Prince William Co., #1, Prince William Forest Pk., 100', 6.vii.1967, 1 ♀, G. W. Byers leg. ( SEMC); Rosslyn, 11.vii.1913, 1 ♂, R. C. Shannon leg. ( USNM, genit. prep.); Shenandoah N. P., mi. 65–100, sweeps, 29.v.1979, 1 ♀, M. J. Sharkey leg. ( DEBU); Giles Co., Stony Creek, 2000', 26.v.1962, 4 ♂♂ 1 ♀; Patrick Co., Vesta, 2800', 30.v.1962, 1 ♀, all J. G. Chillcott leg. (all CNCI); Giles Co., Warspur Overlook, 15 km NW Blacksburg, 29.v.2005, 1 ♀, S. A. Marshall leg. ( DEBU 00252826); Woolwine, 19.v.1965, 1 ♀, J. G. Chillcott leg. ( CNCI). WEST VIRGINIA: Ansted, Hawks Nest St. Pk., 20.vi.1970, 1 ♀, G. Steyskal leg. ( USNM); Blackwater Falls S. P., Balsam Fir Trail, 36°06'34"N 75°29'29"W [coordinates do not match locality], 6.vii.2004, 1 ♀, B. J. Sinclair leg. ( CNCI); Blueneld, 17.vi.1970, 1 ♂, G. Steyskal leg.; Morgan Co., near Great Cacapon, 1.ix.1984, 2 ♀♀, G. F. & J. F. Hevel leg.; Richie Co., North Bend St. Pk., 23.vi.1970, 1 ♂; Parkersburg, 21.vi.1970, 1 ♂, both G. Steyskal leg. (all USNM).

Other A. neglecta -group material of questionable identity ( Anthomyza sp. cf. variegata ). UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: VIRGINIA: Patrick Co., Fairy Stone St. Pk., 1000', 30.v.1962, 1 spec., J. R. Vockeroth leg. ( CNCI, missing abdomen) ; Alexandria Co., Maywood , 4.vi.1922, 1 ♂, W. L. McAtee leg. ( USNM, missing abdomen) .

Redescription. Male. Total body length 2.04–3.14 mm; general colour largely yellow but with variable ochreous to greyish brown darkening on mesonotum, brownish dorsal band on pleuron ( Fig. 381 ) and partly brown preabdominal terga. Head slightly longer than high to as long as high (thus less elongate than in A. gibbiger and A. orthogibbus ), anteriorly slightly angular in pronle because of distinctly receding face. Head dichroic, occurring in two colour forms. Pale form has head almost completely yellow (with only some brownish darkening of ocellar triangle) while dark form has face and 1st antennal nagellomere dark brown and sides of occiput brown (see also below). Occiput slightly concave, laterally darker yellow (pale form) or brown (dark form), medially yellow; in yellow medial area there are two elongate spots of silvery white microtomentum meeting ventrally above foramen. Frons rather narrow, yellow to orange yellow; ocellar triangle (at least partly) brown; frontal triangle dull yellow, margined by very narrow, darker orange and somewhat golden glittering stripes. Anterior parts of frons often darker, orange yellow and dull. Orbits pale yellow, silvery whitish microtomentose, more so in front of anterior long ors. Frontal triangle narrow, reaching to anterior third of frons. Frontal lunule minute, pale yellow. Face narrow, medially concave or folded, either dull yellow and separated from parafacialia by golden orange marginal stripe (pale form) or brown to blackish brown with darker marginal stripe (dark form); parafacialia and gena whitish yellow to white, with silvery white microtomentum; marginal stripe of gena narrow and yellow; postgena and mouthparts yellow in both forms. Cephalic chaetotaxy: pvt relatively long, strongly crossed; oc usually longest of cephalic setae; vti somewhat shorter than oc; posterior ors often almost as long as vti, vte usually shorter than vti; 3 ors but only posterior and middle ors long (middle ors slightly shorter than posterior ors), anterior ors reduced to a short setula but still usually stronger than the medial frontal microsetulae and sometimes lengthened (2–3 times as long as medial microsetulae), rarely with an additional microsetula in front of the anterior ors; 2–3 pairs of medial microsetulae in anterior third of frons; 1 small setula behind vte; postocular setulae (9–12) very short, dorsally in dense row; postgena with several setulae and 2 short posteroventral setae; 1 long vi (as long as posterior ors), subvibrissa reduced, hardly longer than anterior peristomal; only 5–6 relatively long but nne peristomal setulae. Palpus yellow, with 1 ventral preapical seta and a series of (10–12) shorter setulae subapically and ventrally. Eye ovoid, broader anteroventrally, with longest diameter oblique and about 1.4–1.5 times as long as shortest. Shortest genal height about 0.14–0.15 times as long as shortest eye diameter. Antenna geniculate, yellow but 1st nagellomere either entirely yellow (pale form) or brown (also on inner side) with only base narrowly yellow (dark form) and always with very long white pilosity ( Fig. 395 ). Arista with basal segments ochreous yellow and distal seta blackish brown, about 2.1 times as long as antenna, relatively long-ciliate (but shorter than in A. neglecta ).

Thorax slightly narrower than head, largely yellow ( Fig. 381 ); scutum either largely yellow with ochreous grey to pale brownish sublateral bands and sometimes with a pair of short anteromedial ochreous stripes in addition (pale form) or largely pale brown to brownish grey with variable short yellow stripes anteromedially and yellow area in front of scutellum (dark form). Dorsum of thorax pale grey microtomentose and relatively dull. Humeral and notopleural areas yellow in both forms; scutellum yellow to dark ochreous. Pleural part of thorax more shining than scutum, yellow to whitish yellow, but always with narrow brown dorsal band extended from thoracic cervix almost to haltere. Postscutellum yellow, postnotum often darker ochreous. Thoracic chaetotaxy: 1 hu plus 1 hu setula; 2 npl (anterior longer than hu, posterior shorter); 1 relatively weak prs (about as long as hu); 1 sa (weak, as long as prs), 1 pa (hardly longer than sa); 2 long postsutural dc (the smaller anterior longer than anterior npl, posterior longest of thoracic setae) and 6–8 dc microsetae in front of them (the hindmost distinctly enlarged); 4 rows of ac microsetae on suture but only 2 rows between dc; hindmost ac pair longest and situated between posterior dc or beyond; 2 sc, laterobasal weak (shorter than sa), apical sc slightly shorter and thinner than posterior dc; in addition there are often 1–3 small erect setulae between apical sc (see Fig. 398 ); 1 small nne ppl; 2 long stpl (anterior usually slightly shorter) and 4–5 upcurved setulae in dorsal half of sternopleuron, its ventral part with a cluster of 6–7 longer setae. Scutellum rounded triangular, somewhat nattened dorsally. Legs pale yellow, only last tarsal segments of all tarsi brown to dark brown in distal half. f 1 with ctenidial spine relatively strong, much longer than maximum width of t 1 and with numerous long but nne setae in posterodorsal and posteroventral rows. f 2 and f 3 simply setose; t 2 with short ventroapical seta; other tibiae and tarsi simply setulose, only fore and hind basitarsus with slightly enlarged setulae ventrobasally. Wing ( Fig. 437 ) elongate but not very narrow (broader than in A. gibbiger and A. orthogibbus ), with pale yellowish ochreous veins and membrane. C with small sparse spinulae between apices of R 1 and R 2+3. R 2+3 long, bent parallel to C with apex distinctly upcurving; R 4+5 very slightly bent, usually subparallel with M; the latter almost straight. Cell dm long, moderately narrow; r-m situated slightly in front of the middle of cell dm. Apical portion of CuA 1 as long as or slightly longer than dm-cu and almost reaching wing margin; A 1 short, ending far from margin. Alula distinct, narrow. Wing measurements: length 2.20–2.86 mm, width 0.65–0.97 mm, Cs 3: Cs 4 = 1.48–1.90, rm\ dm-cu: dm-cu = 2.50–2.95. Haltere dirty yellow to ochreous, with pale brownish tinge both on stem and knob.

Abdomen dorsally brown-and-yellow variegated, ventrally pale yellow, no discernible difference in range of colour pattern between pale and dark forms. Preabdominal terga (T1T5) largely brown, T1 completely brown but T2–T5 with large anteromedial areas yellow (usually shorter, narrower and darker on T2 and T3). T1–T5 subshining, relatively shortly and sparsely setose. T1 and T2 separate, only laterally fused. T2–T5 large, subequal in size, reaching onto lateroventral sides of abdomen. Preabdominal sterna pale yellow, relatively narrow and becoming wider posteriorly; S1 short and transverse, S2 slightly longer than wide, S3 as long as wide, S4 and S5 (widest sternum) slightly to distinctly transverse. S2–S5 densely setose, only S1 bare and with darker posterior marginal stripe. T6 very short, transverse, bare, almost unpigmented. S6 and S7 yellow, both with brownish anterior marginal ledge; S6 with 3–4, S7 with 2–3 setae; S8 as long as epandrium, largely brown (with only anterolateral area adjacent to S7 yellow) and setose in posterior two-thirds.

Genitalia. Epandrium ( Figs 385, 386 ) pale yellow (contrasting with brown S8), moderately long and broad, densely setose, with 1 pair of distinctly longer and thicker setae; anal nssure relatively small, rounded subtriangular. Cercus rather small, pale, with nne setae, apical longest. Medandrium (see Fig. 385 ) relatively high, dorsally narrowed, with dorsolateral corners simple, ventrally broadly emarginate, bare. Gonostylus ( Figs 385, 386, 391 , 400 ) simple, almost as long as epandrial height, relatively nat (externally slightly convex), of elongately oval outline, distally slightly pointed, apically posteriorly provided with 3 or 4 small and blunt teeth, micropubescent on most of outer side, with some longer setae on slightly concave inner side and at posterior margin. Its shape is somewhat variable (see extreme variant on Fig. 400 ) but markedly different from those known in all relatives (cf. Figs 412 , 429 , 448 and ROHÁĆEK 2006a: Figs 266 , 281 , 297 ). Hypandrium ( Fig. 387 ) medium-sized, with anterior internal lobes small. Transandrium ( Fig. 388 ) straight but laterally with bulging corners, ventromedially projecting as nat ligulate caudal process being distally medially membranous and spinulose, transilient to longer-spinose basal membrane. Pregonite ( Fig. 387 ) fused to hypandrium, posteriorly with small process carrying 3 long setae, anteriorly simple, slightly convex ventrally and with 3 (middle longer) short setae. Postgonite ( Fig. 387 ) slender and bent (boomerang-shaped in lateral view), pale-pigmented, with 1 setula near middle of anterior margin, numerous sensillae and moderately pointed apex. Basal membrane ( Figs 387, 388 ) coalesced to ventral end of caudal process and prickly spinose (as in A. dichroa ). Aedeagal part of folding apparatus ( Fig. 390 ) with small, inconspicuous, lenticular tubercles in addition to usual hyaline striae. Connecting sclerite slender, dorsally sclerotized and dark-pigmented ( Fig. 390 ), ventrally membranous, without spinulae. Phallapodeme moderately robust ( Fig. 390 ), with basal part shortly forked, robust but pale fulcrum and distinctly bicuspidate, laterally projecting apex. Aedeagus ( Fig. 390 ) with small phallophore and bind distiphallus. Saccus relatively short (compared to long nlum), vesicular, membranous, with small basal sclerite attached to base of nlum and armed with a number (12–14) of robust dark-pigmented spines. Filum robust, formed basally by two, distally by one long, curved sclerite; its apex with terminal curved and pointed projection and a number of tooth-like spines along dorsal surface ( Fig. 389 ). Ejacapodeme reduced (as usual in the group), very small, with pale slender digitiform projection (not illustrated but similar to that of A. dichroa , see Fig. 411 ).

Female. Similar to male unless mentioned otherwise. Total body length 2.50–3.33 mm. Dichroism of head reduced, face always pale: in pale form inner side of 1st nagellomere is yellow (outer side is brown except for basal margin) and occiput is largely yellow, at most with ochreous lateral darkening; in dark form 1st nagellomere is brown on both inner and outer sides and occiput is also brown laterally. Pattern of thoracic scutum variable as in male (pale and dark forms). Sternopleuron usually with more upcurved setulae (up to 7). Wing measurements: length 2.69–3.31 mm, width 0.83–1.13 mm, Cs 3: Cs 4 = 1.41–1.83, rm\dmcu: dm-cu = 2.27–2.73. Abdomen with T2–T6 brown-and-yellow transversely variegated, with anterior yellow areas larger than in male, only T1 entirely brown as in the latter. T2–T5 shorter and more transverse than in male, subequal in size, wider than T6. Preabdominal sterna pale yellow, not narrower than in male, S2 as long as wide, S3 slightly, S4 and S5 distinctly transverse and suboblong to trapezoidal, S5 largest and widest of preabdominal sterna but narrower than postabdominal S6.

Postabdomen ( Figs 392–394 ) moderately long, tapered posteriorly, telescopic, with sclerites yellow to pale yellow, only T6 and T7+S7 with brown markings. T6 simple, large, suboblong with rounded corners, yellow in anterior, brownish in posterior half, the latter with dense setae, marginal longest. S6 transversely suboblong to trapezoidal with anterior corners rounded, pale yellow and nnely densely setose. Tergosternum T7+S7 of distinctive shape and pattern, long, slightly conical, ventrolaterally expanded and forming large pouch-like lobes ( Figs 392, 393 ), and its dorsal part (original T7) dorsomedially strongly shortened and membranous ( Fig. 394 ); yellow with brown posterior dorsolateral band on each side ( Fig. 392 ). Dorsal and lateral parts of T7+S7 with setae mainly at posterior margin, ventral pale yellow part densely setose medially in posterior two-thirds ( Fig. 393 ). 8th segment micropubescent laterally. T8 yellow, elongate, anteriorly broad and with indistinct margin, posteriorly narrowed and rounded, distinctly micropubescent, with nne exclinate setae in posterior half; S8 ( Fig. 393 ) almost as long as T8, medially divided into 2 convex, nnely setose and micropubescent sclerites, posteriorly slightly invaginated into 8th segment. Genital chamber (uterus) posteriorly with pale-pigmented internal sclerotization ( Figs 396, 397 ) formed by 1 pair of relatively short, nat, pale-pigmented and poorly denned, posteromedially meeting and partly fused sclerites and 1 suboval (somewhat asymmetrical) and bent, annular sclerite situated ventral to the latter. Membranous part of genital chamber long, often with small spine- or grain-like sclerotizations. Ventral receptacle ( Figs 396, 397 ) tube-like, hyaline, basally distinctly broader, distally very slender and terminally with vermicular apex.Accessory gland small, hyaline, on distally dilated and sparsely ringed duct; its wrinkled surface with minute stalked globulae. Spermathecae (1+1) oval to rounded cylindrical ( Fig. 399 ), each with small but distinct terminal cup-shaped invagination and several minute blunt spinulae in basal half; duct very long and ending in poorly denned hyaline cervix inserted centrally in spermathecal body. T10 very small ( Figs 394 , 396 ), slightly wider than long, with 1 posteromedial pair of long setae and reduced micropubescence. S10 markedly larger and wider than T10, subtriangular in ventral view ( Fig. 393 ), nnely setulose and micropubescent. Cercus relatively short ( Figs 394 , 396 ), slender, with numerous nne setae, with apical and dorsopreapical being longest.

Discussion. Anthomyza variegata ( Loew, 1863) belongs to the Anthomyza neglecta group as diagnosed above. It seems to be most closely allied to A. dichroa on the basis of the following synapomorphies: caudal process of transandrium and adjacent basal membrane densely prickly spinose; female T7+S7 dorsally posteromedially interrupted or membranous. This pair also differs from the two remaining Nearctic species in having particularly long cilia on the 1st nagellomere (this character is shared with all Palaearctic species of the group) and in lacking the synapomorphies diagnosing the A. gibbiger + A. orthogibbus pair.

Besides the colour differences sometimes seen between sexes of anthomyzids (sexual dischroism), A. variegata and A. dichroa are further characterized by dichroism within each sex. This non-sexual dichroism (more strongly expressed in the males, see Figs 404, 405 ), having pale and dark forms (no intermediates, pale form more common) that are usually both represented in populations of these species, is a hitherto unknown phenomenon in Anthomyzidae . A similar type of non-sexual dichroism also occurs in A. gibbiger where it is, however, restricted to males, but has not been found in A. orthogibbus and/or Palaearctic species of the A. neglecta group. Due to this colour variability and rather uniform external structures of A. variegata (and its relatives), it is sometimes difncult to recognize the species from only external characters (see the key below). Thus, A. variegata males can be best identined by a large and nat gonostylus ( Figs 391 , 400 ), and females can be diagnosed by a dorsally membranous (posteromedially interrupted) T7+S7 ( Fig. 394 ) that has a large, dark posterior band and large ventrolateral pouch-like lobes ( Fig. 392 ). Alternatively, the species can be recognized by the combination of a long-ciliate arista and 1st nagellomere ( Fig. 395 ), a head that is about as long as high, and a long ctenidial spine. The presence of additional setulae on the scutellum ( Fig. 398 ), although occurring in only some specimens, is extemely helpful in identifying the species.

Biology. FOOTE (2004) recorded A. variegata as swept from Carex stricta and C. lacustris Willd. , however, there was some ambiguity in the data presented – the text refers to six specimens swept from C. lacustris but only two specimens are listed in the table but as swept from C. stricta . The locality (Ohio: Kent – Horning Road Marsh) is certainly within the known range reported here for A. variegata , but since we have not seen these specimens their identity and the locality record must remain questionable. The associated assessment that “larvae of this stem-boring species overwinter in culms of the host plant” must also be connrmed as this may be extrapolation from FERRAR (1987). The relatively limited label data presented here indicate that possible host plants are likely to be graminoids. Unidentined species of Carex in association with Impatiens yielded specimens in two localities in southern Ontario (Rondeau P. Pk., Short Hills P. Pk.). There is some suggestion that mesic habitats under canopy (Ontario: Royal Botanical Gardens, Pelee Island, incl. Carex ) are acceptable, as are open riparian sites (Ontario: Burlington, Bromus inermis ) that also yielded specimens of A. dichroa . Other habitat references include “swamp margin”, “ fern bog”, and “marsh area”, along with variations on canopied sites such as “along stream in forest”, “university forest” and “humid forest along stream”. This species has been taken several times at lights or light traps, a behaviour shared only with A. dichroa of this species group, the latter more rarely collected in this manner. The night period for A. variegata is quite long (at least in Virginia) – 1 May (Virginia: Mt. Rogers) to 17 September (Virginia: Falls Church).

Distribution. Published records of A. variegata are from the United States of America: California ( MELANDER 1913, COLE 1969, SABROSKY 1965), District of Columbia ( LOEW 1863, OSTEN SACKEN 1878, MELANDER 1913, SABROSKY 1965), Georgia ( MELANDER 1913, SABROSKY 1965), Maine ( JOHNSON 1925, SABROSKY 1965), Massachusetts ( JOHNSON 1925), New Hampshire ( JOHNSON 1925), New Jersey ( ALDRICH 1905, MELANDER 1913), Ohio ( FOOTE 2004), Virginia ( SABROSKY 1965), Washington ( MELANDER 1913, COLE 1969, SABROSKY 1965). However, at least some of these records are likely based on misidentined specimens of the three related species described as new below (e.g. Washington records are likely of A. gibbiger ) or even pale members of the A. pallida group (specimens of the A. neglecta group are not yet known from California). The records for Maine have not been connrmed for A. variegata (we have not seen JOHNSON’ S (1925) specimens) although the state borders its known range; these records could represent A. dichroa , the only A. neglecta -group species known from the state. The distribution of A. variegata based on material examined can be summarized as follows: Canada: Ontario, Quebec; United States of America: Alabama, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia (see Table 2, Fig. 597 ). This species reaches further into the southeast than the other three species in the group, and is commonly collected in the northeastern United States.

Figures

Figs 381–384. Primary types of the Nearctic species of the Anthomyza neglecta group. 381 – A. variegata (Loew, 1863), lectotype male, laterally and type labels, body length 2.50 mm; 382 – A. dichroa sp. nov., holotype male, laterally, body length 2.74 mm; 383 – A. gibbiger sp. nov., holotype male, laterally, body length 2.78 mm; 384 – A. orthogibbus sp. nov., holotype male, laterally, body length 2.62 mm. Photo by J. Roháček.

Figs 385–391. Anthomyza variegata (Loew, 1863), male (Canada: Ontario). 385 – external genitalia, caudally; 386 – the same, laterally; 387 – hypandrial complex, laterally; 388 – transandrium, caudally; 389 – apex of nlum, subventrally; 390 – aedeagal complex, laterally; 391 – gonostylus, laterocaudally (widest extension). Scales = 0.05 mm (Fig. 389) and 0.1 mm (others).

Figs 392–395. Anthomyza variegata (Loew, 1863), female (Canada: Ontario).392 – postabdomen, laterally; 393 – the same, ventrally; 394 – the same, dorsally; 395 – antenna, dark form, laterally. Scales = 0.2 mm.

Figs 396–400.Anthomyza variegata (Loew, 1863), female (Canada: Ontario) and male (USA: District of Columbia). 396 – female genital chamber and apex of female postabdomen, laterally; 397 – female genital chamber, ventrally; 398 – female scutellum, dorsally; 399 – spermathecae; 400 – male gonostylus, laterocaudally (widest exension, micropubescence omitted).Scales = 0.1 mm (Figs 396–398) and 0.05 mm (Figs 399, 400).For abbreviations see p. 11.

Figs 437–440. Wings of the Nearctic species of the Anthomyza neglecta group. 437 – A. variegata (Loew, 1863) male, wing length 2.4 mm (USA:Tennessee); 438 – A.dichroa sp.nov., male, wing length 2.5 mm (Canada:Ontario); 439 – A. gibbiger sp. nov., male, wing length 2.3 mm (Canada: Ontario); 440 – A. orthogibbus sp. nov., male, wing length 2.5 mm (Canada: Ontario). Photo by K. N. Barber.

Figs 406–412. Anthomyza dichroa sp. nov., paratype male (Canada: Ontario). 406 – external genitalia, caudally; 407 – the same, laterally; 408 – hypandrial complex, laterally; 409 – transandrium, caudally; 410 – apex of nlum, subventrally; 411 – aedeagal complex, laterally; 412 – gonostylus, laterocaudally (widest extension). Scales = 0.05 mm (Fig. 410) and 0.1 mm (others).

Figs 422–429.Anthomyza gibbiger sp. nov., paratype male (Canada: Ontario).422 – external genitalia, caudally; 423 – transandrium, dorsally; 424 – external genitalia, laterally; 425 – hypandrial complex, laterally; 426 – transandrium, caudally; 427 – aedeagal complex, laterally; 428 – apex of nlum, subventrally; 429 – gonostylus, laterocaudally (widest extension). Scales = 0.05 mm (Fig. 428) and 0.1 mm (others).

Figs 441–448. Anthomyza orthogibbus sp. nov., paratype male (Canada: Ontario). 441 – external genitalia, caudally; 442 – transandrium, dorsally; 443 – external genitalia, laterally; 444 – hypandrial complex, laterally; 445 – transandrium, caudally; 446 – aedeagal complex, laterally; 447 – apex of nlum, subventrally; 448 – gonostylus, lateroventrocaudally, widest extension. Scales = 0.05 mm (Fig. 447) and 0.1 mm (others).

Figs 260–266. Anthomyza pengellyi sp. nov., paratype male (Canada: Ontario). 260 – external genitalia, caudally; 261 – the same, laterally; 262 – hypandrial complex, laterally; 263 – gonostylus, laterocaudally (widest extension); 264 – aedeagal complex, laterally; 265 – transandrium,caudally; 266 – apex of nlum, sublaterally (widest extension). Scales = 0.05 mm (Figs 263, 266) and 0.1 mm (others).

Figs 280–286. Anthomyza mcalpinei sp. nov., paratype male (Canada: Ontario). 280 – external genitalia, caudally; 281 – the same, laterally; 282 – hypandrial complex, laterally; 283 – transandrium, caudally; 284 – apex of nlum, subventrally (widest extension); 285 – aedeagal complex, laterally; 286 – gonostylus, ventrolaterocaudally (widest extension). Scales = 0.05 mm (Fig. 284) and 0.1 mm (others).

Figs 294–298. Primary types of the Anthomyza pallida group. 294 – A. pengellyi sp. nov, holotype male, laterally, body length 2.44 mm; 295 – A.mcalpinei sp. nov., holotype male, laterally, body length 2.94 mm; 296 – A. pullinotum sp. nov., holotype male, laterally, body length 2.74 mm; 297 – the same, head and thorax, laterally; 298 – the same, abdomen laterally. Photo by J. Roháček.

Figs 401–405.Living Anthomyza dichroa sp. nov. and its habitat.401 – A. dichroa sp. nov., male, dark form, dorsally, body length ca. 2.5 mm; 402 – same specimen, laterally (Canada: Ontario: Sault Ste. Marie, Bristol Place Park); 403 – marshy area bordering a small lake S of Rocky Island lake (Canada: Ontario), habitat of A. dichroa; 404 – A. dichroa sp. nov., male head of pale form sublaterally; 405 – the same, dark form (both from Canada: Ontario). Photo by J. Roháček (Figs 401–403) and M. Deml (Figs 404, 405).

Fig. 597. Map of North America showing distributions of three members of Cluster 1: Ischnomyia albicosta (Walker, 1849), Anthomyza variegata (Loew, 1863), A. silvatica sp. nov. Anthomyza variegata and A. silvatica share a very dense, overlapping series of records (dots) in the Appalachian Mountains. See “Distributional patterns” for explanation of Clusters.