KITCHING, Reinert & Harbach & Kitching, 2009

Reinert, John F., Harbach, Ralph E. & Kitching, Ian J., 2009, Phylogeny and classification of tribe Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157 (4), pp. 700-794 : 773-780

OCHLEROTATUS SUBGENUS LEPIDOKENEON REINERT,

HARBACH & KITCHING , SUBGEN. NOV.

Type species: Aedes (Ochlerotatus) spilotus Marks, 1963 .

Females

Head: Vertex covered with narrow, curved, decumbent scales; occiput and vertex with numerous long, erect, forked scales; ocular line narrow, with narrow, curved pale and dark scales; eyes above antennal pedicels separated by diameter of 4 or 5 ocular facets; antennal pedicel with several small, broad, non-overlapping scales and few short, slender setae on mesal surface; clypeus bare; maxillary palpus dark-scaled normally with few pale scales intermixed; proboscis dark-scaled with numerous pale scales intermixed, longer than forefemur.

Thorax: Scutum covered with narrow, curved scales including transverse bar on median part of prescutellar area, background scales dark with pale scales intermixed or in small patches; parascutellar area with 2–4 narrow, curved, pale scales; scutellum with narrow, curved scales on all lobes; acrostichal (anterior and posterior), dorsocentral (anterior and posterior) and prescutellar areas with numerous dark setae; paratergite with moderately broad to broad, pale scales; antepronota widely separated, with numerous pale and dark scales, numerous setae; postpronotum with large patch of narrow, curved scales dorsally and small patch of broad scales ventrally, several posterior setae; hypostigmal area with broad, pale scales (few in Oc. turneri (Marks)) ; postspiracular area with numerous broad, and some relatively narrow, pale scales, several setae; subspiracular area with broad, pale scales; upper proepisternum with broad, pale scales, numerous setae, lower proepisternal area bare; prealar area with broad, pale scales on upper and lower areas, several setae; mesokatepisternum with large upper and moderate lower posterior patches of broad, pale scales, several upper and numerous lower posterior setae; mesepimeron with large patch of broad, pale scales on upper area and extending over middle area, patch may have partial break at midlength, numerous upper setae, without lower setae ( Marks, 1963 indicated lower seta(e) present or absent in Oc. stricklandi Edwards ); metameron with few broad, pale scales and 1–3 short setae ( Marks, 1963 indicated this area was bare in Oc. turneri ).

Wing: All veins with broad dark and pale scales intermixed; costa with pale-scaled patch at base; upper calypter with numerous setae on margin; alula with dark scales on posterior margin; dorsal tertiary fringe scales moderately broad with intermixed pale and dark scales; remigium with 3 setae distally on dorsal surface.

Legs: Ante- and postprocoxal membranes bare; femora with numerous pale scales intermixed with dark-scaled areas, apices pale-scaled; tibiae with numerous pale scales intermixed with dark scales; tarsi with pale scales intermixed with dark scales, more numerous on tarsomeres 1 and 2 and fewer on distal tarsomeres (tarsomere 5 occasionally darkscaled); fore- and midungues equal, each with 1 tooth; hindungues equal, both simple but with seta-like spine subbasally.

Abdomen: Tergum I with patch of broad, pale scales on laterotergite; segment VII dorsoventrally flattened.

Genitalia: Intersegmental membrane between segments VII and VIII very long; tergum VIII moderately pigmented, with small non-pigmented notches on lateral and apical margins, length greater than width, without scales, short setae on entire length, 2 or more long, slender setae on lateral margins, apex flat or with very shallow, median emargination; sternum VIII moderately pigmented with narrow, median, non-pigmented strip, length greater than width, apical margin gently rounded with median area slightly flattened, without scales, setae on entire length, seta 2-S inserted lateral to seta 1-S; tergum IX comprised of single, moderately pigmented sclerite, apex with moderate, median emargination separating rounded lobes each bearing 8–12 short setae, 20–21 total setae; postgenital lobe moderately wide, dorsal length short, apex with shallow, median emargination, few setae on distal area; without upper and lower vaginal sclerites; insula lip-like, with 2 moderately long, slender setae in lateral patches, 4 total setae; cercus moderately pigmented, long, narrow, apex narrowly rounded, without scales, numerous setae extending from near base to apex of dorsal surface; 3 spermathecal capsules, spherical, 1 large and 2 slightly smaller.

Males

Head: Antennae with distal 2 flagellomeres disproportionally long, remainder of flagellomeres short with numerous long setae directed primarily dorsally and ventrally; maxillary palpus with 5 palpomeres, approximately equal to or slightly longer than proboscis, palpomeres 4 and 5 downturned, palpomeres 4 and 5 and distal part of 3 with numerous long setae lateroventrally.

Legs: Foreungues unequal, larger unguis with 2 teeth, smaller unguis with 1 tooth; midungues unequal, larger unguis with round swelling at midlength, smaller with 1 tooth; hindungues equal, with seta-like spine post-basally.

Abdomen: Terga with numerous long, curved setae laterally; posterior margin of tergum VIII with median lobe.

Genitalia: Tergum IX moderately pigmented, posterior margin with darkly pigmented, short, narrow lobe on each side of midline bearing few short, stout, somewhat flattened setae and 1 or 2 short, slender setae; gonocoxite moderately pigmented, relatively long, moderately wide, dorsal surface covered with numerous very short, slender setae, approximately distal 0.20 with few long, stout setae, mesal area with small, apical lobe bearing few very short, slender setae and several short, stout setae, without basal lobe, lateral surface with numerous long, stout and few moderately long setae, ventral surface with several moderately long setae on proximal area and few very long, stout setae on approximately distal 0.20, few short, slender setae on mesal area, several broad scales on dorsal and numerous scales on lateral and ventral surfaces, mesal surface membranous; gonostylus attached at apex of gonocoxite, long, approximately 0.66 length of gonocoxite, relatively narrow throughout length but median part slightly wider than proximal part, distal part curved mesally, narrower than proximal part and with 2–4 short, slender setae, gonostylar claw short, slender, apex truncate, attached at apex of gonostylus; aedeagus tube-like, elongate, sides approximately parallel but slightly wider on proximal 0.33, apex truncate; phallosome with basal piece short; proctiger relatively long, distal part darkly pigmented with several minute teeth at apex, 6 or 7 minute cercal setae; claspette comprised of single, short, slender, curved stem bearing one, apical, moderately long, flattened, moderately broad claspette filament with comb-like row of short spicules on outer margin, apex bluntly rounded; sternum IX moderately pigmented, moderately long, with several moderately long setae on median posterior area.

Pupae

Trumpet: Moderately long, moderately wide distally; pinna long; tracheoid area weakly developed at base. Cephalothorax: Setae 1,2-CT similarly developed, branched; 4,5-CT similarly developed, branched; 6-CT much shorter than 7-CT; 11-CT single, longer than 10,12-CT.

Abdomen: Seta 6-I single, longer than 3,7-I; 1- II with multiple slender branches; 3- II moderately long, branched; 6- II long, single, noticeably longer than 3- II; 3- III single, longer than 5- III; 1- IV – VI moderately long, slender, with 3 branches; 5- IV, V single, very long, noticeably longer than median, dorsal length of following tergum; 6- VII shorter than and inserted posterior and slightly mesal to 9- VII; 9- VIII with 4–7 slender branches.

Paddle: Apical margin rounded, with tiny spicules; without hair-like spicules on margins; midrib extends to near apex of paddle; seta 1-Pa short, single.

Fourth-instar larvae

Head: Seta 1-C single, distal part attenuate; 4-C short, with 2–5 very slender branches, inserted anteromesal to 5,6-C; 5-C long, stout, single, inserted posteromesal to 6,7-C; 6-C long, stout, single, inserted anteromesal to 7-C; 7-C long, stout, with 4–7 aciculate branches; 12-C with 2 or 3 branches, inserted mesal to 13-C; 13-C with 2 or 3 branches (single on 1 side of 1 specimen), longer than 12-C; 14-C single; antenna moderately long, darkly pigmented, with numerous spicules, seta 1-A with 3–7 aciculate branches, tips not reaching apex of antenna.

Thorax: Setae 1–3-P not inserted on common setal support plate, 1-P> 2-P> 3-P length, 1-P stout, very long, single, 2-P single, 3-P single or occasionally 2-branched; 4-P long, single; 5-P very long, single, longer than 6-P; 6-P long, with 2 branches; 7-P very long, with 3 branches; 4-M branched; 2- T with 2 branches; 6- T single.

Abdomen: Seta 7-I long, stout, with aciculate branches; 12-I present; 6- II with 2 branches, shorter than 6- III; 8- II single; 6- III, IV long, stout, single; 1- VII very long, stout, single, noticeably longer than dorsal length of segment X; 12- VII branched; 1- VIII single; 2,4- VIII branched; comb with few long, stout scales in short, curved row; segment X with saddle large, complete on ventral surface, acus not seen, seta 1-X single, inserted on saddle, 2-X moderately long, with several branches, 3-X long, single, ventral brush with numerous long, multiple-branched setae inserted on grid with well developed transverse and lateral bars, without precratal setae.

Siphon: Moderately long; acus present; pecten with numerous, evenly spaced spines extending beyond midlength of siphon, few distal spines noticeably longer; seta 1-S with 4–7 aciculate branches, inserted distal to pecten.

Included species

Ochlerotatus spilotus , Oc. stricklandi and Oc. turneri .

Distribution

Australia.

Bionomics

Marks (1963), Dobrotworsky (1965) and Lee et al. (1984) provided summaries of the known bionomics of the included species. Ochlerotatus spilotus immature stages have been collected during September or October, mostly in roadside excavations or ditches and once in a waterhole in a watercourse. All habitats had greenish or cloudy water, with some emergent vegetation, and most were partly shaded. Ochlerotatus stricklandi immature stages have been collected from September to December, from temporary, freshwater ground pools in areas of predominantly winter rainfall. Nothing is known about the bionomics of the immature stages of Oc. turneri . Ochlerotatus spilotus females have been collected biting humans and rabbits during the daytime and Oc. stricklandi and Oc. turneri females have been reported biting humans, the former species during the daytime.

Discussion

Adults of species included in subgenus Lepidokeneon are quite large. Species assigned to subgenus Lepidokeneon were previously placed in the Stricklandi Section of Aedes (Ochlerotatus) by Marks (1957, 1963), Dobrotworsky (1965) and Lee et al. (1984). The last two authors included a listing of literature associated with the species. See Marks (1963) for descriptions, illustrations and a discussion of all species assigned to the subgenus. Dobrotworsky (1965) included taxonomic information for Oc. spilotus and Oc. stricklandi . Additional morphological features are provided in Appendix 1 for species included in the analysis.

Etymology

Lepidokeneon is derived from the Greek nouns lipis, - idos (feminine), meaning scale, and keneon (masculine), meaning flank. The name is masculine and refers to the dense thoracic pleural scaling of the adults (meaning scaled or scaly flank or side). The recommended abbreviation for subgenus Lepidokeneon = Lpd.

OCHLEROTATUS SUBGENUS WOODIUS REINERT, HARBACH AND KITCHING , SUBGEN. NOV.

Type species: Aedes intrudens Dyar, 1919 .

Females

Head: Vertex covered with narrow, curved, decumbent scales; occiput and vertex with numerous, long, pale, erect, forked scales; ocular line with narrow, curved, pale scales; eyes above antennal pedicels separated by diameter of 3 or 4 ocular facets; antennal pedicel with few small, broad, non-overlapping scales and several short, slender setae on mesal surface; clypeus bare; maxillary palpus dark-scaled (occasionally with few pale scales intermixed in Oc. intrudens ); proboscis dark-scaled, longer than forefemur.

Thorax: Scutum covered with narrow, curved scales except bare median, prescutellar area, both pale and dark scales present, pale scales covering scutal fossal, antealar, much of supraalar, usually narrow stripe on acrostichal (anterior and posterior) and lateral margins of prescutellar areas; without parascutellar scales; scutellum with narrow, curved scales on all lobes; acrostichal (anterior and posterior), dorsocentral (anterior and posterior) and prescutellar areas with numerous setae; antepronota widely separated, with pale scales, several setae; postpronotum nearly covered with scales, narrow, curved on dorsal area and moderately broad to broad on ventral area, several posterior setae; postspiracular area with broad, pale scales, several setae; subspiracular area with elongate patch of broad, pale scales; upper proepisternum with broad, pale scales, numerous setae, lower proepisternum bare; prealar area with patch of broad, pale scales on lower area and extending onto lower part of upper area, numerous setae; mesokatepisternum with broad, pale scales in large upper and moderate lower posterior patches, patches connected or separated by narrow strip, several upper and numerous lower posterior setae; mesepimeron with large patch of broad, pale scales on upper and extending over middle areas, numerous upper setae, lower setae absent in Oc. diantaeus or absent to 1–4 setae in Oc. intrudens ; metameron with several broad, pale scales.

Wing: Dark-scaled; upper calypter with numerous setae on margin; alula with dark scales on posterior margin; dorsal tertiary fringe scales dark; remigium with 1–3 setae distally on dorsal surface.

Legs: Ante- and postprocoxal membranes bare; femora with pale-scaled fringe at apex; tibiae with anterior surface dark-scaled; tarsi dark-scaled, ungues equal in size, each with 1 tooth.

Abdomen: Tergum I with patch of broad, pale scales on laterotergite; segment VII dorsoventrally flattened.

Genitalia: Intersegmental membrane between segments VII and VIII very long; tergum VIII moderately pigmented, width greater than length, without or with 1–7 scattered scales, short setae on approximately distal 0.90, apex flat to very gently concave; sternum VIII moderately pigmented, width greater than length, apical margin gently rounded or gently rounded with shallow, median emargination, moderate number of scales, setae on nearly entire area; tergum IX comprised of single moderately pigmented sclerite, apex with small, median emargination separating rounded lobes each bearing 4–9 short, slender setae, 9–17 total setae; postgenital lobe moderately wide, apex with small, median emargination, several setae on distal area; without upper and lower vaginal sclerites; insula lip-like, with 2 or 3 moderately long, slender setae in lateral patches, 4–6 total setae; cercus moderately pigmented, long, narrow, apex narrowly rounded, 1–3 scales, numerous setae extending from near base to apex of dorsal surface; 3 spermathecal capsules, spherical, 1 large and 2 slightly smaller.

Males

Head: Antenna with distal 2 flagellomeres disproportionally long, remainder of flagellomeres short with numerous long setae directed primarily dorsally and ventrally; maxillary palpus with 5 palpomeres, darkscaled, equal to or longer than proboscis, palpomeres 4 and 5 slightly downturned, palpomeres 4 and 5 and distal part of 3 with moderate to numerous long setae lateroventrally.

Legs: Fore- and midungues unequal, each with 1 tooth; hindungues equal, each with 1 tooth.

Abdomen: Terga with moderate to numerous long, slightly curved setae laterally.

Genitalia: Tergum IX moderately to heavily pigmented, posterior margin with darkly pigmented, short, relatively narrow lobe on each side of midline bearing 5–9 short, stout, slightly curved setae; gonocoxite moderately to heavily pigmented, relatively long, moderately wide, dorsal surface with several short, slender setae on mesal area, several moderately long, slender setae on distal area and long, stout setae on lateral area, mesal area with large, apical lobe bearing few short, slender setae, small, basal lobe bearing 1 moderately long, stout, somewhat flattened seta and few short, slender setae, lateral surface with several long, stout setae, ventral surface with several moderately long, slender setae on proximal area, distal area with few long, stout setae and patch of moderately long, lanceolate setae on mesal part, scales few on dorsal surface and numerous on lateral and ventral surfaces, mesal surface membranous; gonostylus attached at apex of gonocoxite, long, approximately 0.60–0.65 length of gonocoxite, relatively narrow throughout length but median part somewhat broader than proximal part, distal part curved mesally and narrower than proximal part, with 2–5 short, slender setae, gonostylar claw short, slender, apex truncate, attached at apex of gonostylus; aedeagus tube-like, moderately long, proximal 0.67 relatively wide, distal part relatively narrow; phallosome with basal piece short; proctiger moderately long, distal part darkly pigmented with curved, pointed apex, numerous minute, cercal setae; claspette comprised of 2 lobes, outer lobe moderately long, projecting along proximal part of mesal surface of gonocoxite and bearing 2 moderately long, darkly pigmented, moderately curved setae at apex, lobe connected at base to inner, moderately long, slender, columnar lobe with subapical area broader and bearing small, thumb-like projection with 1 short seta, claspette filament inserted at apex, short to moderately long, flattened, broad mesally; sternum IX moderately pigmented, moderately long, with several short to moderately long, slender setae on posterior area.

Pupae

Trumpet: Moderately long; relatively narrow distally; pinna short; tracheoid area weakly developed at base.

Cephalothorax: Setae 1,3-CT similarly developed, normally 2-branched; 4,5-CT similarly developed; 6-CT much shorter than 7-CT; 11-CT normally single (rarely 2-branched in Oc. intrudens ).

Abdomen: Seta 6-I longer than 3,7-I; 1-II short, with few to several slender branches; 3-II relatively short, single or 2-branched, shorter than 6-II; 3-III moderately long, normally single, longer than 5-III; 1-IV,V moderately long, slender, single or with 2–4 branches; 5-IV,V single to 3-branched, longer than median, dorsal length of following tergum; 6-VII shorter than and inserted posterior and slightly mesal to 9-VII; 9-VIII with 3–9 (normally 3–5) branches with distal parts forked.

Paddle: Apical margin rounded; without hair-like spicules on margins; midrib extends to near apex of paddle; seta 1-Pa short, single (very rarely 2-branched).

Fourth-instar larvae

Head: Seta 1-C spiniform, apex bluntly pointed; 4-C short, with 3–6 very slender branches, inserted mesal and at same level or slightly posterior to 6-C; 5-C long, stout, with 3 or 4 aciculate branches, inserted posteromesal to 6,7-C; 6-C long, stout, with 2–4 aciculate branches, inserted posteromesal to 7-C; 7-C long, stout, with 4–6 (rarely 3) aciculate branches; 12-C short, branched, inserted mesal to 13-C; 13-C single in Oc. intrudens or with 2 or 3 branches in Oc. diantaeus , longer than 12-C; 14-C single; 19-C present; antenna moderately long ( Oc. intrudens ) to long ( Oc. diantaeus ), with numerous spicules, seta 1-A with 3–5 aciculate branches, tips not reaching apex of antenna.

Thorax: Setae 1–3-P not inserted on common setal support plate, 1-P> 2-P> 3-P, 1-P very long, single, 2-P short, single, 3-P short, with 2 or 3 branches; 4-P single (rarely 2-branched); 5,6-P long, single, 5-P longer than 6-P; 7-P long, with 2 or 3 branches; 4-M and 2-T branched; 6-T single.

Abdomen: Setae 6-I–V and 7-I long, stout, single; 12-I present; 6-II slightly shorter than 6-III; 8-II normally 2-branched (occasionally single); 1-VII branched, relatively short; 10,12-VII single; 1-VIII with 5–8 branches, noticeably longer than 2-VIII; 2,4-VIII single (2-VIII rarely 2-branched in Oc. diantaeus ); comb with several scales in one curved or irregular row; segment X with saddle incomplete ventrally, acus present, seta 1-X single, inserted on saddle, 2-X moderately long, multiple-branched, 3-X long, single, ventral brush with numerous, long, branched setae inserted on grid with well developed transverse and lateral bars, with 3 or 4 shorter, branched, precratal setae.

Siphon: Moderately long; acus present; pecten with numerous spines, distal 2 or 3 spines longer and more widely spaced, seta 1-S inserted distal to pecten (rarely on level with last pecten spine in Oc. intrudens ).

Included species

Ochlerotatus diantaeus Howard, Dyar & Knab and Oc. intrudens .

Distribution

Nearctic and Palaearctic Regions.

Bionomics

Wood et al. (1979) reported that larvae of Oc. intrudens in Canada hatch from overwintering eggs in April and inhabit temporary, woodland, snowmelt pools. Carpenter & LaCasse (1955) indicated larvae of this species occur in a variety of habitats, including woodland pools, open bogs and marshes, particularly in water from melting snow in the northern United States, whereas Natvig (1948) found the larval habitats in Norway to be principally shallow pools and water-filled ditches with bottoms covered with decaying pine needles located at the border of pine woodlands, and Gutsevich et al. (1974) reported similar habitats in Russia. Larvae of Oc. diantaeus in Canada were found in temporary spring pools in hardwood forests in which the water was usually stained dark brown by abundant leaf litter ( Wood et al., 1979), in the United States larvae were found mostly in shaded pools with cold water left from melting snow in dense forests ( Carpenter & LaCasse, 1955), and in Russia Gutsevich et al. (1974) reported larval habitats as different types of temporary water bodies in forests formed from snowmelt, e.g. pits, ditches and puddles in shaded or open locations. Females of Oc. intrudens are persistent biters of humans during the day and night ( Carpenter & LaCasse, 1955; Wood et al., 1979). Ochlerotatus diantaeus females also feed on humans ( Gutsevich et al., 1974; Tanaka et al., 1979; Becker et al., 2003).

Discussion

Carpenter & LaCasse (1955), Wood et al. (1979) and Tanaka et al. (1979) included descriptions and illustrations of females, males, male genitalia and fourth-instar larvae of Oc. diantaeus and Oc. intrudens . Yamaguti & LaCasse (1951) and Reinert (2002e) provided a description and illustration of the female genitalia of Oc. intrudens and Darsie (1951) and Tanaka (1999) described and illustrated the pupa of this species. Kalpage & Brust (1968), Horsfall & Voorhees (1972) and Dahl (1997) described and illustrated the eggs of Oc. diantaeus and Oc. intrudens . Distribution maps for both species in Canada are found in Wood et al. (1979) and in the United States and Canada in Darsie & Ward (2005). Additional descriptive information is provided in Appendix 1 for species included in the analysis.

Etymology

Woodius if named in honour of Dr D. Monty Wood in recognition of his important contributions to the taxonomy of mosquitoes and other Diptera of North America, especially Canada. The subgeneric name is masculine, formed from his surname and the masculine Latin suffix ‘ -ius ’. Recommended subgeneric abbreviation = Woo.

PETERMATTINGLYIUS REINERT, HARBACH & KITCHING , GEN. NOV.

Type species: Aedes (Skusea) iyengari Edwards, 1923 .

Females

Head: Vertex with broad, decumbent scales; occiput with number of short, erect forked scales; vertex normally with few semi-erect, forked scales posterior to ocular setae; ocular line narrow; eyes above antennal pedicels contiguous; antennal pedicel with few small, broad scales and short, slender setae on mesal surface; clypeus bare; maxillary palpus dark-scaled with pale scales distally (pale scales absent in Pe. whartoni (Mattingly) and Pe. punctipes (Edwards)) ; proboscis dark-scaled, longer than forefemur.

Thorax: Scutum with at least posterior 0.25 densely covered with broad scales including entire prescutellar area and extending anteriorly over supraalar area; scutellum entirely covered with broad, overlapping, dark scales; acrostichal (anterior and posterior) and dorsocentral (anterior and posterior) areas without setae; paratergite with pale scales; antepronota widely separated, with broad scales, some species also with narrow scales, setae present; postpronotum with broad scales, some species also with narrow scales, posterior setae present; postspiracular area without scales, setae present; subspiracular area with broad, pale scales; upper proepisternum with broad, pale scales and 3–6 setae, lower proepisternal area bare; prealar area with scales present or absent, setae present; mesokatepisternum with upper and lower posterior patches of broad, pale scales, upper and lower posterior setae present; mesepimeron with single large patch of broad, pale scales, upper and 2 or 3 lower setae present (lower setae absent in Pe. whartoni ).

Wing: Dark-scaled, with pale-scaled patch at base of costa; upper calypter with several setae on margin; alula with row of dark scales on posterior margin and few moderately broad to broad, dark scales above marginal scales; dorsal tertiary fringe scales dark; remigium with 2 or 3 setae on dorsal surface distally.

Legs: Anteprocoxal membrane bare; postprocoxal membrane with broad, pale scales (absent in Pe. whartoni ); femora with preapical, pale-scaled band and pale scales at apex; tibiae with several median, pale-scaled bands or spots (absent in Pe. whartoni ); hindtarsus with tarsomere 1 with pale-scaled basal and apical spots and 2 median bands (median palescaled bands absent in Pe. whartoni ); fore-, mid- and hindungues equal, simple.

Abdomen: Tergum I with dorsobasal, median, palescaled patch (absent in Pe. whartoni ) and broad, pale scales on laterotergite; segment VII laterally compressed.

Genitalia: Tergum VIII moderately pigmented, with numerous broad scales, apex broadly rounded or flat; sternum VIII moderately pigmented, with numerous broad scales, apex sloping from apicolateral corners to midline (Pe. whartoni with moderately deep, median emargination separating broadly, rounded lobes), base nearly straight, seta 2-S inserted lateral to seta 1-S; tergum IX comprised of single, moderately pigmented sclerite, width greater than length, apex with median, emargination separating rounded lobe on each side, each bearing 1–6 short setae (rarely 1 lobe without setae); postgenital lobe with apex rounded or with shallow, median emargination, setae on distal part; upper vaginal sclerite moderately pigmented, moderately large; without lower vaginal sclerite; insula tongue-like, with 2–4 tuberculi on distal area, without setae; cercus moderately long, moderately wide, apex broadly rounded, without scales; 3 spermathecal capsules, 1 large and 2 slightly smaller.

Males

Head: Antenna with distal 2 flagellomeres disproportionally long, remainder of flagellomeres short with numerous long setae directed primarily dorsally and ventrally; maxillary palpus with 5 palpomeres, palpomeres 4 and 5 relatively short, slightly downturned, with only few short setae, palpomere 5 with pale scales at least basally (dark-scaled in Pe. whartoni ); proboscis dark-scaled with narrow, pale-scaled band distal to midlength (entirely dark-scaled in Pe. whartoni ).

Legs: Fore- and midungues unequal, larger unguis with one tooth (simple on midunguis of Pe. franciscoi (Mattingly)) ; hindungues equal, simple.

Abdomen: Terga with few short setae laterally.

Genitalia: Tergum IX with posterior margin bearing pair of broadly rounded lobes each with 8–15 moderately long, slender setae; gonocoxite moderately long, relatively wide, numerous long setae on lateral surface and outer area of dorsal surface, numerous broad scales on lateral, ventral and outer areas of dorsal surface, dorsal surface with several short, moderately flattened setae on distal area of mesal margin (absent in Pe. whartoni ), ventral surface with small patch of long setae on proximal area of mesal margin (less developed in Pe. franciscoi ), gonostylus attached at apex of gonocoxite, relatively broad especially on distal part, single gonostylar claw attached pre- apically on gonostylus; aedeagus comprised of 2 moderately long, lateral sclerites each with several elongate, lateral teeth extending from base to apex, with membranous, dorsal flap covering proximal part; proctiger relatively short, without cercal setae; claspette comprised of small, short, basal plaque bearing several short setae; sternum IX with one to several short to moderately long setae on posterior area.

Pupae

Trumpet: Relatively short, broad distally (long and narrow in Pe. whartoni ); tracheoid area weakly developed at base.

Cephalothorax: Setae 1,3-CT similarly developed; 6-CT single, much shorter than 7-CT; 11-CT longer than 12-CT; 11,12-CT single.

Abdomen: Seta 1-II short, with 2 branches (rarely with 3 branches); 3-II,III long, single; 6-VII inserted mesal and posterior to 9-VII; 9-VIII with 2–5 branches, aciculate.

Paddle: Apical margin rounded or with very shallow, median emargination (broadly rounded in Pe. whartoni ); midrib extends to or near apex of paddle; fringe of hair-like spicules on outer and inner margins (absent in Pe. whartoni ); seta 1-Pa short, single (branched in Pe. whartoni ).

Fourth-instar larvae

Head: Seta 1-C single, relatively slender; 4-C short to moderately long, with 12–19 branches, inserted mesal and slightly posterior to 6-C; 5-C long, single, inserted posterior to 4,6,7-C; 7-C moderately long, with 3–8 branches; 12-C branched, inserted mesal to 13-C; 13-C single, longer than 12-C; 14-C short, single; 19-C absent; antenna short, without spicules (long with few spicules in Pe. whartoni ).

Thorax: Setae 1–3-P not inserted on common setal support plate, 1-P> 2-P> 3-P length; 5,7-P branched; 6-P single, longer than 5,7-P; 5-M single, noticeably longer than 6,7-M; 2,6-T single.

Abdomen: Seta 6-I–V with 2 long, stout, aciculate branches; 7-I long, single or 2-branched; 12-I absent; 8-II with 2 or 3 branches; 1-VII noticeably longer than dorsal length of saddle; 2,4-VIII single; segment X with saddle incomplete ventrally, acus absent, seta 1-X long, single, inserted on posteroventral area of saddle, 2-X long, single, 3-X moderately long, with 3–5 branches, ventral brush with several long setae with 2–4 branches, inserted on grid with transverse bars, 2 short, branched, precratal setae.

Siphon: Relatively short (long in Pe. whartoni ), acus absent; pecten with several spines; seta 1-S single, inserted distal to pecten.

Included species

Petermattinglyius franciscoi, Pe. iyengari, Pe. punctipes, Pe. scanloni (Reinert) and Pe. whartoni .

Distribution

Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore and Thailand.

Bionomics

Immature stages are normally found in bamboo (pots, stumps, internodes, etc.) and occasionally in tree holes or holes in logs ( Reinert, 1970). Females have been collected biting humans, in human-baited traps, in light traps and resting in houses.

Discussion

See Reinert (1970) for descriptions and illustrations (*) of known stages for species of Petermattinglyius , i.e. Pe. franciscoi (♀ *, ♂ *, ♂ g*, P*, L*), Pe. iyengari (♀ *, ♂ *, ♂ g*, P*, L*), Pe. scanloni (♀ *, ♂ *, ♂ g*), and Pe. whartoni (♀ *, ♂ *, ♂ g*, P*, L*). The female of Pe. punctipes is described by Edwards (1921). Female genitalia of Pe. franciscoi and Pe. iyengari are partially described and illustrated by Mattingly (1959). Species of the genus are divided between two subgenera (see below). Additional descriptive information is provided in Appendix 1 for species included in the analysis.

Etymology

Petermattinglyius is named in honour of Dr Peter Frederick Mattingly in recognition of his many important contributions to the taxonomy of family Culicidae . The generic name is masculine, formed from his first name, surname and the Latin suffix ‘- ius ’. Recommended abbreviation = Pe.

PETERMATTINGLYIUS SUBGENUS AGLAONOTUS REINERT, HARBACH & KITCHING , SUBGEN. NOV.

Type species: Aedes (Diceromyia) whartoni Mattingly, 1965 .

Females

Head: Maxillary palpus dark-scaled.

Thorax: Prealar knob without scales; mesepimeron without lower setae.

Legs: Postprocoxal membrane bare; tibiae without pale-scaled, median bands or spots; hindtarsomere 1 without pale-scaled, median bands.

Abdomen: Terga IV–VI with dorsal surface dark-scaled.

Genitalia: Posterior margin of sternum VIII with moderate, median emargination separating broadly rounded lobes; IX-Te index 0.72; Ce/dorsal PGL index 2.30.

Males

Head: Maxillary palpus and proboscis dark-scaled.

Genitalia: Dorsal surface of gonocoxite without short, moderately flattened setae on distal area of mesal surface; gonostylar claw relatively short.

Pupae

Trumpet: Long and narrow throughout length.