Gorytes, Latreille, 1804

Mokrousov, Mikhail V. & Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu., 2021, The new species Gorytes mikhailovi sp. nov. from Kazakhstan with a key to the Palaearctic species of Gorytes Latreille, 1804 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea Crabronidae), Zootaxa 5006 (1), pp. 169-179 : 174-177

Key to Palaearctic Gorytes

1. Acetabular carina conspicuously elongated anterolaterally, ending near sternaulus level or longer (ventral view).......... 2

– Acetabular carina short, lateral ends slightly bent backward, far from reaching sternaulus level (ventral view)............ 4

2. Terga with dense macropunctures. T1 not elongate. Female forefemur distinctly widened at base. — Western and Central Palaearctic. ( G. pleuripunctatus species group)........................................ G. pleuripunctatus (A. Costa)

– Terga without macropunctures, at most with few scattered micropunctures. TI distinctly elongate. Female forefemur not widened at base. ( G. kohlii species group).................................................................... 3

3. Mesoscutum with fine, sparse punctures. Metapostnotum with central sulcus, laterally smooth and shiny. T1 longer, ratio L/ W=1.3× at female, 1.6× at male. — Southeastern Europe, Turkey, Syria, Caucasus, Central Asia...... G. kohlii Handlirsch

– Mesoscutum with coarse elongate punctures. Metapostnotum with coarse ridges. TI shorter. — Azerbaijan, Turkey....................................................................................... G. schmidti Schmid-Egger

4. S2 with large, coarse, irregular punctures ( Fig. 6 ), slightly concave in middle ( Fig. 12 ). — Southeastern Kazakhstan. ( G. mikhailovi species group)............................................................. G. mikhailovi sp. nov.

– S2 impunctate or with small regular punctures, evenly slightly convex ( Fig. 13 )................................... 5

5. Propodeum dorsolaterally finely punctate and finely ridged; metapostnotum smooth posteriorly ( Fig. 14 )............... 6

– Propodeum dorsolaterally coarsely rugose (rarely smoothed in small specimens); metapostnotum usually with continuous coarse ridges ( Fig. 15 )................................................................................. 8

6. Mesoscutum impunctate. Female: pygidial plate with large scattered punctures, shiny. — Spain, Morocco. ( G. quinquefasciatus species group, part)................................................................... G. africanus Mercet

– Mesoscutum with well-defined, scattered punctures. Female: pygidial plate matt, with small dense punctures or longitudinally striate.............................................................................................. 7

7. Female: pygidial plate with small dense punctures between scattered large punctures. Male: T1 between lateral carinae smooth, unridged or with ill-defined ridges; flagellomeres black. — Armenia, Azerbaijan, Israel, Jordan, Turkey. ( G. hebraeus species group)......................................................................... G. hebraeus de Beaumont

– Female: pygidial plate of female longitudinally striate. Male: T1 between lateral carinae longitudinally ridged; flagellomeres ventrally yellow. — Eastern Palaearctic. ( G. quinquecinctus species group, part).......... G. maculicornis (F. Morawitz)

8. Metapleuron and anterolateral surface of propodeum predominantly matt, rugulose. Mesopleuron with a few large punctures and smoothed ridges. Female: pygidial plate longitudinally striate. — Central and southern Europe, Turkey, Palestine, Israel, Caucasus. ( G. quinquecinctus species group, part)........................................ G. nigrifacies (Mocsáry)

– Metapleuron (usually except dorsally) and anterolateral surface of propodeum (except G. tobiasi ) predominantly smooth and shiny. Mesopleuron with a few punctures or impunctate. Female: pygidial plate punctate or longitudinally striate......... 9

9. Females........................................................................................... 10

– Males............................................................................................. 27

10. Inner ocular orbits slightly convergent toward clypeus, distance between antennal socket and eye at least one socket diameter ( Figs 16–17 ). Tentorial pit located between supraclypeal sclerite and eye. ( G. laticinctus species group)............... 11

– Inner ocular orbits conspicuously convergent toward clypeus, distance between antennal socket and eye less than one socket diameter ( Figs 18–21 ). Tentorial pit located near eye........................................................ 16

11. Femora (often except base), tibiae and tarsi rufous; in forms with abundant light pattern forefemur ventrally and all tibiae anteriorly yellow-red.................................................................................... 12

– Femora and tibiae usually black with yellow spots, rarely all black, tarsi yellow or brownish........................ 13

12. Flagellomeres shorter, ratio F1 L/W=3 ×, F4 1.6 ×. Light stripe at inner eye margin well developed, usually much wider than MOD. — Central Asia, Kazakhstan, southern Siberia, northeastern China, Russian Far East........ G. ambiguus Handlirsch

– Flagellomeres longer, ratio F1 L/W=3.8×, F4 2.3×. Light stripe (sometimes spots) at inner eye margin poorly developed, width equal to MOD. — Western and Central Palaearctic....................................... G. albidulus (Lepeletier)

13. Mesosoma all black. Scutal punctures large, partially merging into longitudinal furrows. — Japan..... G. tricinctus (Pérez)

– Mesosoma with yellow markings. Scutal punctures scattered and poorly visible on micropuntate background........... 14

14. Upper metapleuron smooth, without horizontal ridges. Mesoscutum without macropunctures. Clypeus black or with small, triangular, yellow spot basally. — Сenter and south of Western Europe....................... G. planifrons (Wesmael)

– Upper metapleuron with some horizontal ridges. Mesoscutum with macropunctures............................... 15

15. Ratio F1 L/W=3.5 ×. Bands on T1–T3 similar in size. —Palaearctic...................... G. quadrifasciatus (Fabricius)

– Ratio F1 L/W=4 ×. Band on T2 twice as width as band on T1 or T3, in most specimens larger than half tergal length. — Palaearctic........................................................................ G. laticinctus (Lepeletier)

16. Pygidial plate narrowed, lateral side concave, densely punctate, apically densely setose. ( G. foveolatus species group).... 17

– Pygidial plate nearly triangular, sparsely punctate or densely longitudinally ridged, asetose......................... 18

17. Terga with dense macropunctures. Flagellomeres barely thickened towards apex; ratio F1 L/W=3.7 ×, F10 1.6 ×. Fore femur completely or predominantly light. — South Europe, North Africa, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Crimea, Krasnodar Terr. ( Russia)................................................................................. G. foveolatus Handlirsch

– Terga with poorly visible macropunctures. Flagellomeres distinctly thickened towards apex; ratio F1 L/W=3.3 ×, F10 1.0 ×. Fore femur predominantly black. — Western and Central Palaearctic......................... G. procrustes Handlirsch

18. Pygidial plate densely, longitudinally, finely ridged, at base sometimes with small punctures. ( G. quinquecinctus species group, part).............................................................................................. 19

– Pygidial plate sparsely punctate........................................................................ 22

19. Mesoscutum without macropunctures.................................................................... 20

– Mesoscutum with dense macropunctures................................................................. 21

20. Labrum yellow. Pronotal lobe yellow, mesopleuron and propodeum in most specimens laterally with yellow spot. Femora yellow and black. Scutal erect setae of about same length, half MOD. — Western and Central Palaearctic................................................................................................... G. sulcifrons (A. Costa)

– Labrum black or dark reddish. Metasoma laterally including pronotal lobe black. Femora black and reddish. Scutal erect setae of different lengths, some of them not shorter MOD. — Alps, Caucasus and mountains in Turkey. G. schlettereri Handlirsch

21. Mesoscutum with scattered macropunctures, punctures not merging into furrows posteriorly. — Palaearctic except North Africa....................................................................... … G. quinquecinctus (Fabricius)

– Mesoscutum with dense and irregular macropunctures, punctures merging into furrows posteriorly. — Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey, Caucasus............................................................... G. schmiedeknechti Handlirsch

22. Distance between antennal socket and eye about 0.7 × socket diameter. Mesosoma all black ( G. neglectus species group).. 23

– Distance between antennal socket and eye about 0.5 × socket diameter. Mesosoma with yellow markings. ( G. quinquefasciatus species group, part).................................................................................. 24

23. Frons and mesoscutum matt. Mesoscutum with very dense microscopic punctures, no macropunctation. Scape black. Flagellomeres rufous or brownish ventrally. T1–T4 with yellow bands. — Finland, northern part of European Russia, Siberia, Russian Far East, Korean Peninsula........................................................... G. neglectus Handlirsch

– Frons and mesoscutum more or less shiny. Mesoscutum with flat macropunctures on micropunctation background. Scape with yellow spot. Flagellomeres all yellow. T1–T3 with yellow band. — Russian Far East, Japan.............. G. aino Tsuneki

24. Clypeal free margin in middle with two rounded tubercles ( Fig. 24 ). Lateral surface of propodeum anterior of spiracular sulcus finely ridged, matt or slightly shiny. Pronotal lobe black. Femora rufous, fore femur yellow ventrally. — Central Asia.......................................................................................... G. tobiasi Nemkov

– Clypeal free edge without tubercles. Lateral surface of propodeum anterior of stigmal sulcus smooth and shiny. Pronotal lobe with light markings. Femora coloration varying............................................................ 25

25. Pygidial plate with scattered small punctures, shiny. Supraclypeal sclerite yellow. Mesoscutum usually with yellow spots posterolaterally. — Eastern Palaearctic........................................................ G. pieli Yasumatsu

– Pygidial plate with dense and larger punctures. Supraclypeal sclerite black. Mesoscutum all black.................... 26

26. Head transverse, ratio H/W = 0.79, inner eye margins diverging more toward vertex ( Fig. 18 ). Ridges of metapostnotum irregular, net-like. Stripe at inner eye margin well developed, usually touching clypeus, clypeus yellow. Femora black with small apical spot. — Western and Central Palaearctic.............................................. G. fallax Handlirsch

– Head rounded, ratio H/W = 0.89×, inner eye margins diverging less toward vertex ( Fig. 20 ). Ridges of metapostnotum more regular, often smoothed apically. Yellow stripe at inner eye margin usually lacking, if present not touching clypeus, clypeus black or yellow. Femora largely reddish or with large yellow spot in apical half. — Palaearctic..................................................................................................... G. quinquefasciatus (Panzer)

27. Terga with dense macropunctures. ( G. foveolatus species group, part)......................… G. foveolatus Handlirsch

– Terga without macropunctures, at most with few scattered micropunctures...................................... 28

28. F2–F3 with large oval tyloids (as large as MOD), F1 and F4 with small tyloids. Metapleuron unridged in upper forth. Face between antennal base and midocellus with fine but distinct raised line. T1 between dorsolateral carinae with longitudinal ridges. ( G. laticinctus species group, part).................................................... G. planifrons (Wesmael)

– Tyloids narrower, normally more tyloids visible. Metapleuron in upper forth longitudinally ridged in most species. Face without line. T1 between dorsolateral carinae with or without longitudinal ridges........................................ 29

29. S4–S6 basally with setal brush or dense erect short setae. ( G. quinquefasciatus species group, part)................... 30

– S4–S6 without setal brush............................................................................. 31

30. Frons and mesoscutum with ill-defined punctures. Supraclypeal sclerite yellow................... … G. pieli Yasumatsu

– Frons and mesoscutum with well-defined punctures. Supraclypeal sclerite black.......... … G. quinquefasciatus (Panzer)

31. T1 between dorsolateral carinae with longitudinal ridges. ( G. laticinctus species group, part)........................ 32

– T1 between dorsolateral carinae smooth, without ridges...................................................... 34

32. Mesosoma all black. Mesoscutal punctures large, partially merging into longitudinal furrows.......... G. tricinctus (Pérez)

– Mesosoma with yellow markings. Mesoscutal punctures scattered...........................................… 33

33. Face below antennal socket black. Bands on T1–T3 similar in size.................... … G. quadrifasciatus (Fabricius)

– Face below antennal socket with yellow spot. Band on T2 twice as wide as band on T1 or T3, in most specimens larger than half tergal length............................................................... … G. laticinctus (Lepeletier)

34. Mesosoma all black, rarely with yellow band on pronotal collar. ( G. neglectus species group)....................... 35

– Mesosoma with yellow markings....................................................................... 36

35. Frons matt. Mesoscutum with very dense microscopic punctures, no macropunctation. F3–F8 with tyloids. Labrum and clypeus yellow........................................................................... G. neglectus Handlirsch

– Frons more or less shiny. Mesoscutum with flat macropunctures on micropunctate background. F3–F6 with tyloids. Labrum and clypeus black or clypeus with yellow markings at base........................................ G. aino Tsuneki

36. Posterior part of mesoscutellum densely ridged. Only F1–F4 (sometimes also F5) with tyloids. ( G. quinquefasciatus species group, part)......................................................................... G. fallax Handlirsch

– Mesoscutellum without longitudinal ridges. F2–F8 (sometimes also F9) with tyloids............................... 37

37. Clypeal free margin in middle with two rounded tubercles. ( G. quinquefasciatus species group, part).... G. tobiasi Nemkov

– Clypeal free margin without tubercles.................................................................... 38

38. Mesoscutum with dense macropunctures................................................................. 39

– Mesoscutum without or with poorly visible macropunctures.................................................. 41

39. Mesoscutum with dense and irregular macropunctures, punctures merging into furrows posteriorly. ( G. quinquecinctus species group, part)................................................................. G. schmiedeknechti Handlirsch

– Mesoscutum with scattered macropunctures, punctures not merging into furrows posteriorly......................... 40

40. Bands on pronotal collar and metasomal terga whitish, often interrupted medially. Hind tibia reddish. Yellow marking on clypeus reduced to basal spot or clypeus all black. ( G. foveolatus species group, part)............... G. procrustes Handlirsch

– Bands on pronotal collar and metasomal terga lemon yellow, not interrupted medially. Hind tibia yellow and black. Clypeus yellow. ( G. quinquecinctus species group, part)...................................... G. quinquecinctus (Fabricius)

41. Scutal erect setae of different lengths, some of them not shorter MOD. Scape and metasoma laterally including pronotal lobe black. Femora black and reddish..................................................... G. schlettereri Handlirsch

– Scutal erect setae of about same length, half MOD. Scape and metasoma laterally in most specimens with yellow spots... 42

42. Distance between antennal socket and eye about 0.8 × socket diameter ( Fig. 23 ). Supraclypeal sclerite with yellow mark. ( G. laticinctus species group, part)....................................................... G. ambiguus Handlirsch

– Distance between antennal socket and eye about 0.5 × socket diameter ( Fig. 22 ). Supraclypeal sclerite black........... 43

43. Tyloids black, narrow and sharp. Frons without well-defined macropunctures. Pronotal lobe black. ( G. laticinctus species group, part)...................................................................... G. albidulus (Lepeletier)

– Tyloids light, wider and flattened. Frons with well-defined macropunctures. Pronotal lobe yellow. ( G. quinquecinctus species group, part)....................................................................... G. sulcifrons (A. Costa)

Figures

FIGURES 1–6. Gorytes mikhailovi sp. nov., holotype, female: 1—habitus, dorsolateral view; 2—labels; 3–4—head, frontal view (3), dorsal view (4); 5—mesoscutellum, metanotum and propodeum, dorsolateral view; 6—base of metasoma, ventrolateral view. Scale bar: 2.0 mm.

FIGURES 12–15. Metasomal base, lateral view (12, 13) and mesoscutellum, metanotum and propodeum, dorsolateral view (14, 15) of Gorytes females: 12—G. mikhailovi sp. nov., paratype; 13—G. pleuripunctatus (A. Costa); 14—G. hebraeus de Beaumont; 15— G. fallax Handlirsch.

FIGURES 16–21. Head, frontal view, females of Gorytes spp.: 16—G. albidulus (Lepeletier); 17—G. ambiguus Handlirsch; 18—G. fallax Handlirsch; 19—G. neglectus Handlirsch; 20—G. quinquefasciatus (Panzer); 21—G. sulcifrons (A. Costa).

FIGURES 22–24. Head, frontal view (22, 23) and clypeus, frontolateral view (24), males of Gorytes spp.: 22—G. albidulus (Lepeletier); 23—G. ambiguus Handlirsch; 24—G. tobiasi Nemkov.