Globivalvulina praegraeca, Vachard, Krainer & Lucas, 2015

Vachard, D, Krainer, K & Lucas, SG, 2015, Late Early Permian (late Leonardian; Kungurian) algae, microproblematica, and smaller foraminifers from the Yeso Group and San Andres Formation (New Mexico; USA), Palaeontologia Electronica (English ed.) 3 (8), pp. 1-77 : 34-36

Globivalvulina praegraeca n. sp.

Figures 21.9-21.14 , 28.4-28.6, 28.8-28.12, 28.14- 28.16 , 29.5, 29.8, 29.10-29.13 , 30.1, 30.4-30.6, 30.8-30.10, 30.12, 30.14, 30.15 , 31.2-31.8

zoobank.org/ F390F0B9-8701-49DB-A753-F7ECDDC800AB

1970 Globivalvulina graeca Reichel ; KochanskyDevidé, p. 185, pl. 9, fig. 6; pl. 18, figs. 1,

2. 1972 Globivalvulina aff. donbassica Potievskaya ;

Sosipatrova, pl. 10, figs. 14, 15. 1974 Globivalvulina graeca Reichel ; Akopian, p.

101, pl. 39, fig. 4. 2009 Globivalvulina syzranica Reitlinger ; Blazejowski, fig. 10.3. 2009 Globivalvulina graeca Reichel ; Blazejowski,

figs. 10.4-5. 2009 Globivalvulina cf. graeca Reichel ; Blazejowski, fig. 10.6- 9. v. 2013 b Globivalvulina cf. graeca Reichel ;

Vachard, Krainer and Lucas, p. 348 (no illustration). Etymology. Probable ancestor of G. graeca Reichel, 1946 . Holotype. NMMNH P- 67564; Figure 21.12 ; sample SAR 7-7 . Paratypes. NMMNH P- 67565-67569; Figure 21.9- 11, 21.13-14 . Material. 40 specimens. Locus Typicus. NMMNH locality 8900; San Andres Formation, reference section in the San Andres Mountains (New Mexico). Stratum Typicum. Late? Kungurian (latest Leonardian ). Diagnosis. Test large, with a wide aperture, a deep and relatively wide funnel, no oral valvula, and a bilayered wall, but with an inner pseudofibrous layer that is very thin and discontinuous. Description. Test nautiloid, involute, and large: D = (0.45)-0.50-0.73-(0.83) mm, w = 0.50-0.72 mm, w/D = 0.71-1.0. Planispirally coiled axis of biseriality. Proloculus spherical, small (0.02) to large (0.06-0.13 mm), and subprominent. Dorsal side convex, curved to semicircular. Sutures weak to absent. Whorls : 1-1.5. Peripheral margin rounded to slightly angular; lateral sides of spire slightly inflated; umbilicus absent. Chambers rectangular; the last one is rounded trapezoidal; n = 5-7 (rarely 8); h = (rarely 0.13-0.20)- 0.20-0.43 mm. Septa regular, sigmoid, typical of the genus. Ventral side concave to flattened. Aperture broad with a deep and relatively wide funnel. Oral valvula not obvious. Wall bilayered (s = 0.03-0.05 mm) and relatively thick, microgranular with calcareous agglutinate, locally bilayered with an inner pseudofibrous clear layer that is very thin and not obviously continuous .

Comparisons. The new species differs from G. graeca by smaller dimensions (mean diameter of G. graeca = 0.70 mm), less chambers, wider aperture and less developed funnel, larger proloculus, absence of lamella, and thinner and discontinuously located inner pseudofibrous layer. It differs from G. syzranica Reitlinger, 1950 by the shape of the chambers and the deeper funnel; from G. donbassica Potievskaya, 1962 by larger dimensions (in this latter species, D = 0.31-0.42 mm; w = 0.26- 0.39 mm), and higher chambers (maximum 0.22 mm, mainly 0.11-0.15 mm in G. donbassica ), and from G. granulosa Reitlinger, 1950 by the stronger development of the pseudofibrous inner layer, less thick wall (up to 0.06 mm-thick in G. granulosa ), less coarse calcareous agglutinate, and the deep funnel. Furthermore, contrary to Pinard and Mamet (1998), we do not assign G. granulosa to the group G. bulloides , because of the difference of wall microstructure.

Occurrence. Early Permian of Croatia and Armenia. Early Artinskian of Spitsbergen. Middle?-late? Kungurian (late Leonardian) of New Mexico (San Andres Formation, McLeod Hills (MLY) and reference section in the San Andres Mountains (SAR): samples MLY 3-3, MLY(2) 4-9, MLY 6-18, samples SAR 3-4, SAR 7-1, SAR 7-2, SAR 7-4, SAR 7-5, SAR 7-6, SAR 7-7, SAR 8-1, SAR(2) 8-1a, SAR 8- 2, SAR(2) 8-3, SAR(2) 8-4, SAR(2) 8-6, SAR 8-7, SAR 8-7a, SAR(2) 8-8, SAR(2) 8-10, SAR(2) 8-18, SAR(2) 8-21, SAR 8a-2, SAR 8a-5, SAR 8a-10, SAR 8a-10a, SAR 8a-12, SAR 8a-13a, SAR 8a-20, SAR 8a-21, SAR 8a-24, SAR 9-1, SAR 12-7, SAR 13-1, SAR(2) 13-2, SAR(2) 13-6, SAR(2) 13-9, SAR(2) 13a-4).

Figures

FIGURE 21. 1-8. Globivalvulina retroseptata n. sp. 1. NMMNH P-67554, paratype. Axial section showing the siphon formed by a curved backwards septum and an oral valvula. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 10-3. 2. NMMNH P-67555, paratype. Transverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 12-6. 3. NMMNH P-67556, paratype. Subtransverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 12-7. 4. NMMNH P-67553, holotype. Transverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 13-2. 5. NMMNH P-67557, paratype. Subtransverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 13a-3a. 6. NMMNH P-67558, paratype. Oblique section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 13a-4. 7. NMMNH P-67559, paratype. Subtransverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 13a-6. 8. NMMNH P-67560, paratype. Oblique subtransverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 13a-3. 9-14. Globivalvulina praegraeca n. sp. 9. NMMNH P-67565, paratype. Subtransverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 7-1. 10, NMMNH P-67566, paratype. Subtransverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 7-2. 11, NMMNH P-67567, paratype. Oblique subtransverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 7-6. 12. NMMNH P-67564, holotype. Subtransverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 7-7. 13. NMMNH P-67568, paratype. Subaxial section. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY 3-3. 14. NMMNH P-67569, paratype. Axial section. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY 6-18. 15. Globivalvulina novamexicana n. sp., NMMNH P-67562, paratype. Oblique subaxial section. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY 5-22. Scale bars equal 0.10 mm.

FIGURE 28. 1-3, 7. Globivalvulina retroseptata n. sp. 1. Transverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 13-5. 2. Transverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 13-5b. 3. Transverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 13- 5c. 7. Transverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8-5. 4-6, 8-12, 14-16. Globivalvulina praegraeca n. sp. 4. Transverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 13-7. 5. Transverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8-2. 6. Subtransverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8-3. 8. Subaxial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8-7a. 9. Subaxial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8a-2. 10. Subaxial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8a-5. 11. Axial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8a-5a. 12. Transverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8a-18. 14. Subtransverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8a-9. 15. Oblique subtransverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8a-10. 16. Subtransverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8a-12. 13. Globivalvulina parapiciformis n. sp. Transverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8a-8a. Scale bars equal 0.10 mm.

FIGURE 29. 1-4, 7. Globivalvulina retroseptata n. sp. 1. Transverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 19-2. 2. Transverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 19-3. 3. Transverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 19-4. 4. Subtransverse section with developed oral valvula. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 20-1. 7. Teratogenic specimen. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 3-1. 5, 8, 10-13. Globivalvulina praegraeca n. sp. 5. Transverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 20-3. 8. Axial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 3-4. 10. Subaxial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8-1. 11-12. Two transverse sections. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 7-4. 13. Subaxial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 7-5. 6, 9. Globivalvulina novamexicana n. sp. 6. Subtransverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 20-4. 9. Axial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 7-3. Scale bars equal 0.10 mm.

FIGURE 30. 1, 4-6, 8-10, 12, 14-15. Globivalvulina praegraeca n. sp. 1. Subtransverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8a-13a. 4. Transverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 9-1. 6. Transverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 13-10. 8. Subaxial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR(2) 13-2. 9. Subtransverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR(2) 13-6. 10. Transverse section. San Andres Fm. SAR 13-9. 12. Axial section showing the proloculus and the first whorl. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR(2) 8-21. 14. Transverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY(2) 4-9. 15. Transverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8-18. 2-3, 11, 13, 16. Globivalvulina retroseptata n. sp. 2. Subtransverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8a-19. 3. Transverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8a-24. 11. Transverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 13a-7. 13. Transverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample MLY(2) 6-13 (already illustrated by Brose et al., 2013, figure 6.7). 16. Axial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR(2) 12-6. 5. Globivalvulina parapiciformis n. sp. Subtransverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 13-9. 7. Globivalvulina novamexicana n. sp. Transverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 13-12. Scale bars equal 0.10 mm.

FIGURE 31. 1. Globivalvulina novamexicana n. sp. Axial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8-4. 2-8. Globivalvulina praegraeca n. sp. 2. Subtransverse section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8-6. 3. Axial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8-7. 4. Subaxial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8a-10a. 5. Paratype. Oblique section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8a-20. 6. Subaxial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 8a-21. 7. Subaxial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 12-2. 8. Subaxial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 13-1. 9-12. Globivalvulina retroseptata n. sp. 9. Oblique subaxial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 13a-7. 10. Subaxial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 13a-1. 11. Oblique subaxial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 13a-8. 12. Axial section. San Andres Fm. Sample SAR 13a-9. Scale bars equal 0.10 mm.