Condylostylus Bigot, 1859

Grichanov, Igor Ya., 2020, New species of Condylostylus Bigot (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from Comoros Madagascar, Tanzania and South Africa, with key to Afrotropical species, Zootaxa 4830 (1), pp. 62-74 : 63-64

Genus Condylostylus Bigot

Bickel (1994) associated the genus with the tribe Sciapodini . Grichanov & Brooks (2017) provided a key to all Afrotropical genera of the subfamily and diagnosed Condylostylus as follows: head with frons of both sexes with raised setulose mound bearing strong vertical seta; antennal arista-like stylus dorsal to dorsoapical; pedicel with long dorsal and ventral setae; legs with femora lacking anterior preapical setae; male hind tibia without callus; wing, often with dark brown fasciae; vein M 2 present even as a fold; vein M 1 beyond M 2, usually sharply recurved basally; 2 pairs of long scutellar setae; male terminalia with hypopygium often rather small. Twenty-five species of Condylostylus are known from the Afrotropical Region. Males usually have modified and ornamented podomeres and sometimes wings (male secondary sexual characters or MSSC). Females of closely related species are generally indistinguishable morphologically.

Key to the Afrotropical species of Condylostylus (males)

1 Pedicel with ring of long setae, about 3 times longer than postpedicel; lateral slope of frons with abundant pale setae; mid tibia with row of anterodorsal setae; mid basitarsus with series of some 40 thin erect anterodorsal setae and anterior row of about 40 minute, scale-like setae along entire length; cercus about as long as epandrium ( Naglis & Bickel 2017, fig. 1); body length 5 mm [ United Arab Emirates].................................................... C. longicornis (Fabricius, 1775)

- Pedicel with ring of short setae, with at most 1 dorsal and 1 ventral seta slightly longer than postpedicel; frons with or without hairs laterally; mid tibia and basitarsus rarely ornamented, not as above; cercus usually much longer than epandrium...... 2

2 Frons with strong anterior vertical bristle arising from hairy mound; fore tibia usually with 1–2 long apicoventral bristles or ( C. selectus ) with long hooked cilia at apex ( C. paricoxa species group)............................................. 4

- Frons with strong anterior vertical bristle only, with at most one fine hair on small mound; fore tibia without long apicoventral bristles, sometimes with elongate simple hairs or setulae...................................................... 3

3 Wing venation modified: M 1+2 (fork-handle) strongly curved towards posterior wing margin, M 1 nearly aligned with M 2 ( C. pateraeformis species group)............................................................................ 9

- Wing with normal female-type venation ( C. burgeoni species group)............................................ 16

4 Apex of fore tibia and basitarsus posteriorly with fine white ciliation, with cilia longer than podomere diameter, hooked at apex; body length 6 mm [ DR Congo, Malawi, Zimbabwe]........................................ C. selectus Parent, 1931

- Fore tibia with 1–2 long apicoventral bristles; body length various.............................................. 5

5 Fore tibia with 2 long apicoventral bristles; fore basitarsus without long basoventral bristles.......................... 6

- Fore tibia with 1 long apicoventral bristle; fore basitarsus with long basoventral bristles............................. 7

6 Fore tibia with 1 long apicoventral hair in addition to bristles; cercus not longer than epandrium ( Grichanov 1996, fig. 3); body length 4.2 mm [ Kenya, Zimbabwe, Tanzania]............................................ C. paricoxa Parent, 1939

- Fore tibia without additional apicoventral hair; cercus 2 times as long as epandrium ( Grichanov 2000, fig. 2); body length 4.4 mm [ Namibia]................................................................. C. sinclairi Grichanov, 2000

7 Face narrow, about 5 times as high as wide under antennae ( Fig. 1A ); fore basitarsus strongly widened except basal fifth, 4 times longer than wide, with only 1 long basoventral bristle; cercus long and thin, filiform ( Fig. 1F ); body length 7 mm [ Comoros]............................................................................. C. comorensis sp. nov.

- Face broad, about 2 times as high as wide under antennae; fore basitarsus slightly swollen in middle part, with at least 2 long basoventral bristles; cercus various....................................................................... 8

8 Cercus long and thin, filiform; antennal stylus with apical flag; legs almost entirely brown ( Grichanov 2010, figs 1–6); body length 4.3–4.8 mm [ Tanzania]...................................................... C. danieli Grichanov, 2010

- Cercus hardly longer than epandrium, bifid ( Grichanov 1999, fig. 6); antennal stylus simple; legs mostly yellow, with hind tibia brown and hind tarsus black; body length 6.8–6.9 mm [ Kenya, Tanzania]............. C. pseudoparicoxa Grichanov, 1999

9 Inner lobe of cercus large, suboval, projecting distoventrally, nearly as large as epandrium.......................... 10

- Inner lobe of cercus poorly developed, invisible in lateral view (e.g., Grichanov 1998, fig. 12)....................... 14

10 M 1+2 and M 1 forming acute angle ( Grichanov & Brooks 2017, fig. 128); basoventral outer margin of cercus right-angled ( Grichanov 1999, fig. 5); body length 5–6 mm [western, central, eastern and southern Africa]...... C. pateraeformis Becker, 1923

- M 1+2 and M 1 forming right angle (e.g., Fig. 1E ); basoventral outer margin of cercus as acute lobe more or less projecting distoventrally........................................................................................... 11

11 Basoventral outer margin of cercus forming long strap-like pointed lobe, nearly reaching apex of inner lobe; mid tibia with 2 or 3 dorsal setae in basal half............................................................................. 12

- Basoventral outer margin of cercus forming short lobe not reaching midlength of inner lobe; mid tibia with 1 anterodorsal bristle at base in addition to 2 very short dorsal setae in basal half.............................................. 13

12 All femora and tibiae yellow; filiform part of cercus 3 times as long as swollen part ( Grichanov 1999, fig. 4 as in C. imitans ); mid tibia with 2 short dorsal setae in basal half; body length 5–6 mm [southern Africa]....... C. erroneous Grichanov, 2003

- At least mid femur and hind leg black; filiform part of cercus 2 times as long as swollen part ( Fig. 3F ); mid tibia with 1 anterodorsal bristle at base in addition to 2 very short dorsal setae in basal half; body length 5.5–6 mm [ Tanzania]............................................................................................ C. gavryushini sp. nov.

13 All femora and tibiae yellow, at most hind femur black at apex; basoventral lobe of cercus with pointed apex ( Grichanov 1999, fig. 3); body length 5–6 mm [central, eastern and southern Africa]............................ C. imitator Curran, 1924

- At least hind leg entirely black; basoventral lobe of cercus egg-shaped ( Grichanov 1999, fig. 2 as in C. congensis ); body length 5–6 mm [central, eastern and southern Africa]........................................... C. beckeri Speiser, 1920

14 Mid tibia with row of erect ventral setulae on apical half, longer than diameter of tibia; body length 5.3 mm [ DR Congo]............................................................................... C. selitskayae Grichanov, 1998

- Mid tibia without erect ventral setulae; body length 5.7–7 mm ................................................. 15

15 Basoventral outer margin of cercus forming short thumb-like process directed distally ( Grichanov 1999, fig. 7); fore basitarsus shorter than rest of tarsomeres combined; body length 5.7 mm [ Uganda].................... C. yaromi Grichanov, 1999

- Basoventral outer margin of cercus evenly convex, without process; fore basitarsus longer than rest of tarsomeres combined; body length 7 mm [ DR Congo].............................................. C. kivuensis Vanschuytbroeck, 1964

16 Mid tibia with row of long dorsal bristles................................................................. 17

- Mid tibia without long bristles, with or without few ordinary anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae.................... 18

17 Cercus nearly 2 times as long as tergite 7 and epandrium combined ( Grichanov 1998, fig. 9); body length 6 mm [central and eastern Africa].................................................................... C. burgeoni Parent, 1935

- Cercus nearly 3 times as long as tergite 7 and epandrium combined ( Grichanov 1996, fig. 1; 1998, fig. 11); body length 8.4 mm [ DR Congo, Uganda]............................................................. C. galinae Grichanov, 1996

18 Cercus short, semicircular, slightly longer than wide......................................................... 19

– Cercus long, filiform................................................................................. 20

19 Cercus with small inner pointed lobe at base ( Grichanov 1998, fig. 13); body length 4.8–5.3 mm [ Madagascar].......................................................................................... C. skufjini Grichanov, 1998

- Cercus without inner lobe ( Meuffels & Grootaert 2007, figs 1–4); body length 4.9–5.4 mm [ Seychelles]............................................................................... C. plagiochaetus ( Meuffels & Grootaert, 2007)

20 Cercus strongly swollen at base......................................................................... 21

- Cercus not swollen, gradually narrowed distally............................................................ 23

21 Fore tibia swollen ( Fig. 2D ), with apicoventral excavation surrounded by fan of short setae; fore basitarsus cylindrical, with small basoventral mound bearing short hairs; postabdomen half as long as body length ( Fig. 2F ); body length 4.8 mm [ Madagascar].............................................................................. C. friedmani sp. nov.

- Fore tibia simple; fore basitarsus flattened and widened, simple in basal 2/5; postabdomen about 1/3 body length; body length 4.3−4.8 mm ......................................................................................... 22

22 Fore basitarsus 4 times longer than wide; mid tibia with 1 anterodorsal and 2–3 posterodorsal setae; cercus black, with rounded basal swelling covered with short ventral hairs ( Grichanov 1998, fig. 10); body length 4.8 mm [ Madagascar]........................................................................................... C. chainey Grichanov, 1998

- Fore basitarsus 5 times longer than wide; mid tibia without anterodorsal seta, with 1 posterodorsal seta; cercus mostly yellow, black at base of swollen part, with elongate-ovate basal swelling covered with long ventral setae, about as long as width of swelling ( Fig. 5D ); body length 4.3 mm [ Madagascar].................................. C. madagascarensis sp. nov.

23 Mid tibia inconspicuously swollen, ventrally free of setulae, with pile of microscopic hairs; with posteroventral row of elongate setulae along entire length, longer than tibia diameter; tarsomeres 4 and 5 slightly enlarged and flattened, with elongate setulae; body length 5.2 mm [ Kenya]....................................................... C. ulrichi Grichanov, 2000

- Mid tibia simple, without ventral pile of hairs and posteroventral row of elongate setulae, with 2–3 anterodorsals and 3–4 posterodorsals; tarsomeres 4 and 5 flattened or simple; body length 5.3 mm ......................................... 24

24 Fore basitarsus 4 times longer than wide, with posteroventral row of hooked setulae in basal two-fifths; mid tibia with 2 short ventral setae in apical half; mid tarsomeres 3 and 4 with elongate setulae; mid tarsomeres 4 and 5 slightly enlarged and flattened; cercus with all ventral hairs hooked on basal third and sparse simple ventral hairs along entire length distally ( Fig. 4G ; Grichanov 1998, fig. 8) [ Madagascar]................................................. C. basovi Grichanov, 1998

- Fore basitarsus 5–6 times longer than wide, without hooked setulae; mid tibia without ventral setae; mid tarsomeres 3–5 simple, cylindrical; cercus with few simple ventral setae at base and dense ventral pile of simple hairs along entire length distally ( Figs 4E, F ) [ South Africa].................................................................... C. kaplini sp. nov.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Condylostylus comorensis sp. nov., male in glycerol. A. Head. B. Antenna. C. Fore tibia and tarsus. D. Mid tarsus. E. Hind tarsus. F. Segments 4–6 of abdomen and hypopygium, right lateral view.

FIGURE 2. Condylostylus friedmani sp. nov., male. A. Habitus. B. Head. C. Antenna. D. Fore femur and tibia. E. Wing. F. Hypopygium, right lateral view.

FIGURE 3. Condylostylus gavryushini sp. nov., male. A. Habitus. B. Head. C. Antenna. D. Fore basitarsus, dorsal view. E. Wing. F. Hypopygium, left lateral view.

FIGURE 4. Condylostylus spp., males. A–F. Condylostylus kaplini sp. nov. A. Habitus. B. Head. C. Antenna. D. Wing. E. Hypopygium, left lateral view. F. Cercus, basal part. G. Condylostylus basovi Grichanov (paratype), cercus, basal part.

FIGURE 5. Condylostylus madagascarensis sp. nov., male. A. Head. B. Antenna. C. Wing. D. Hypopygium, right lateral view.