Clinterocera brevifasciata Xu & Qiu, 2018

Xu, Hao, Qiu, Jian-Yue & Huang, Guo-Hua, 2018, Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: revision of the C. jucunda species group, Zootaxa 4531 (3), pp. 301-352 : 308-310

Clinterocera brevifasciata Xu & Qiu , new species

( Figs. 6–7 , 28 , 40–41 , 62–63 , 112–113 , 136 , 148–149 , 180 , 181–193 )

Clinterocera davidis: Sakai & Nagai 1998: 160 (Cao Bang, Vietnam), plate 4, fig. 79- 3 ♀. (misapplication of the name, nec Fairmaire 1878)

Differential diagnosis. In general appearance, this new species resembles C. donckieri , but can be distinguished by its shorter lateral tomentous band ( Fig. 136 ), different shaped punctures on elytra ( Fig. 7 ), and distinctly thick tarsi ( Fig. 28 ).

Holotype (male). General: Body length 20.8 mm; width 7.7 mm. Body black, elytra partially orange-red. Body surface with numerous setiferous punctures; setae yellow, stubble like, short. Head, pronotum, scutellum, and disc of elytra without tomentum; elytral declivity and pygidium covered with khaki tomentum ( Fig. 112 ). Head: Clypeus apical margin raised, frons evenly convex; surface without tomentum, with dense, fine, setiferous punctures; punctures elliptic behind clypeal apex, round in frons; setae short. Antennal scapus strongly expanded, subflabellate; exterior surface tomentous, with dense, minute, setiferous punctures; interior surface with many setiferous punctures in margins, setae slender. Mouthparts: Prementum extremely expanded, scutellate; exterior surface matt, with dense, semicircular punctures ( Fig. 113 ). Pronotum: Subcircular, margins slightly raised; anterior margin almost straight, slightly convex in medial in dorsal view; disc with dense, minute, rounded arcuatestriolate, setiferous punctures; punctures denser in lateral portion; setae short ( Fig. 6 ). Surface without tomentum, but posterior half of margin tomentous. Scutellum: Subtriangular. Surface without tomentum, with sparse, fine, arcuate-striolate, setiferous punctures; setae short. Elytra: Subrectangular; posterior half of disc orange-red, juxtascutellar area and elytral declivity black. Surface with sparse, fine, elongate, arcuate-striolae, setiferous punctures; punctures denser in elytral declivity; setae short ( Fig. 7 ). Disc without tomentum; elytral declivity with lateral tomentous band, not reach posthumeral emargination; posthumeral tomentous spots small; lateral tomentous spots distinct ( Fig. 136 ). Metepisternum and metepimeron: Metepisternum without tomentum; metepimeron tomentous; surface with dense, arcuate-striolate, setiferous punctures; setae short. Sternum: Preprosternal apophysis robust, slightly reflexed, with cluster of long setae on the apex. Metasternum without tomentum, surface with dense, arcuate-striolate, setiferous punctures; setae short. Abdomen: Shallow, longitudinal groove between abdominal sternites III–V. Abdominal sternites surface with dense, fine, arcuate-striolate, setiferous punctures, and sparse, fine, annulate-striolate, setiferous punctures; setae short. Surface almost without tomentum, posterior margin of sternites II–V slightly tomentous ( Fig. 113 ). Propygidium surface heavily tomentous, with dense, setiferous punctures; setae short; terminal spiracla distinctly protruding. Pygidium: Distinctly convex. Surface heavily tomentous, with fine, round, setiferous punctures; setae short. Legs: Surface with dense, fine, sinuous striolae and arcuate, setiferous punctures; setae short. Tibiae thick. Protibia with a small, external denticle in apical portion; a blunt protrusion near middle of outer margin; apical tooth of inferior ridge robust, blunt, curved downwards ( Fig. 28 ). Mesotibia and metatibia with a small, acute protrusion near middle of outer margin; three distinct, acute protrusions in distal portion; two spurs short, tapering ( Fig. 40 ). Coxa, trochanter, anterior side of profemora, posterior side of mesofemora and metafemora, dorsal side of mesotibia and metatibia with sparse tomentum. Tarsi with 4 tarsomeres, thick ( Figs. 28 , 40 ); propretarsi short, acute. Parameres: Elongate, outer margins nearly parallel in medial, distal portion slightly expanded, apex obtuse in apical view; interparameral split widened ( Figs. 62–63 ).

Allotype (female). Body length 22.8 mm; width 9.0 mm. Similar to holotype, but lateral tomentous band size larger ( Fig. 149 ).

Other paratypes. Body length 20.0–24.0 mm; width 8.8–9.6 mm. Characters are quite stable except for the size and shape of juxtascutellar marking, and tomentous markings with slight variation, posthumeral tomentous spots of few individuals absent ( Figs. 148–149 ).

Type material. Holotype : ♂ (HUNAU), 19.V.2015, Mount Daweishan Nature Reserve , Pingbian County, Yunnan, CHINA, 2,100 m, Jian-Yue QIU // under rotten wood. Paratypes (19♂♂, 18♀♀): CHINA : Yunnan: 1♂ ( QCCC), 1♀ (Allotype, HUNAU), 19.V.2015 , Mount Daweishan Nature Reserve , Pingbian County , Yunnan, CHINA, 2,100 m, Jian-Yue QIU // under rotten wood; 1♂, 1♀ ( QCCC), Mount Daweishan Nature Reserve , Pingbian County, Jian-Yue QIU // 1 st instar larvae in rotten wood 19.V.2015 , adults emerged VII.2015; 1♀ ( QCCC), F 1 generation of female (2015) from Mount Daweishan // egg V.2015 , adult emerged VIII.2015; 4♂♂, 1♀ ( QCCC), 1♂, 1♀ ( RMNH), 3♂♂ ( LQCL), 17.V.2016 , Hongqi Reservoir, Mount Daweishan Nature Reserve , Pingbian County, 1,560 m, Lu QIU // under rotten wood in ant nest; 2♂♂, 3♀♀ ( QCCC), F 1 generation of the female (2016) from Mount Daweishan // eggs V.2016 , adult emerged VIII.2016; GUANGXI: 1♂ ( QHZC), 26.IX.2018 , Laohutiao Nature Reserve, Napo County, 1,400 m, Qing-Hua ZHOU; 2♂♂, 1♀ ( QCCC), 1.X.2018 , Laohutiao Nature Reserve , Napo County, 1,400 m, Jian-Yue QIU & Hao XU ; VIETNAM: 1♂, 2♀♀ ( QCCC), 1♀ ( LQCL), V.2014 , Ha Giang, native leg.; 2♂♂, 2♀♀ ( QCCC), IV.2015 , Ha Giang, native leg.; 1♀ ( QCCC), V.2015 , Ha Giang, native leg.; 1♀ ( QCCC), VI.2014 , Cao Bang, native leg.; 1♂ ( QCCC), VII.2015 , Mount Phi Oac , Cao Bang, 1,250 m, native leg; 1♀ ( QCCC), VI.2015 , Lai Chou , native leg.; 1♀ ( QCCC), VI.2015 , Tam Dao , native leg .

Etymology. The species epithet “ brevifasciata ” comes from the Latin words “ brevis ” and “ fascia ” meaning “short” and “band”, respectively, in refers to its short lateral tomentous band of elytron.

Distribution. China: Yunnan, Guangxi; Vietnam.

Natural history. This species inhabits the higher elevation zone (1,200–2,200 m), and adults were observed under fallen rotten trees, where there were colonies of Cerapachys fossulatus Forel, 1895 and Pheidole sp. ( Hymenoptera : Formicidae ) ( Figs. 181–189 ). In May 2015, females were brought back and laid eggs in crushed rotten wood, and then their offspring became adults after three months under artificial condition ( Figs. 190–193 ); first and second instars were also collected in rotten trees, and adults later emerged in July.

Remarks. Due to the similar appearances, a Vietnamese specimen of Clinterocera brevifasciata has been misidentified as C. davidis in Sakai & Nagai (1998) . They can be easily separated: the head and the pronotum of C. brevifasciata lack tomentum, setiferous punctures on pronotum of C. brevifasciata are denser, and tarsi of C. brevifasciata are thicker.

Figures

FIGURE 180. Known distribution of the Clinterocera jucunda species group (inset map shows the distribution of C. heinrichi). Some records and collecting sites are not shown because there is no precise geographical information.

FIGURES 6–27. Setiferous punctures on the pronotum and elytron of Clinterocera. 6–7, Clinterocera brevifasciata new species (holotype); 8–9, C. davidis; 10–11, C. donckieri; 12–13, C. jucunda; 14–15, C. krikkeni new species (holotype); 16–17, C. nigra; 18–19, C. velutina new species (holotype); 20–21, C. vietnamensis new species (holotype); 22–23, C. yunnana; 24– 25, C. raui; 26–27, C. sinensis new species (holotype).

FIGURES 28–38. Protibia and protarsi of Clinterocera (male). 28, Clinterocera brevifasciata new species (holotype); 29, C. davidis; 30, C. donckieri; 31, C. jucunda; 32, C. krikkeni new species (holotype); 33, C. nigra; 34, C. velutina new species (holotype); 35, C. vietnamensis new species (holotype); 36, C. yunnana; 37, C. raui; 38, C. sinensis new species (holotype).

FIGURES 39–61. Metatibia and metatarsi of Clinterocera (male and female). 39. Clinterocera bicolor; 40–41, C. brevifasciata new species (holotype and paratype); 42–43, C. davidis. 44–45; C. donckieri; 46–47, C. jucunda; 48–49, C. krikkeni new species (holotype and paratype); 50–51, C. nigra; 52–53, C. velutina new species (holotype and paratype); 54– 55, C. vietnamensis new species (holotype and paratype); 56–57, C. yunnana; 58–59, C. raui; 60–61, C. sinensis new species (holotype and paratype).

FIGURES 62–83. Male genitalia of Clinterocera (apical and lateral view). 62–63, Clinterocera brevifasciata new species (holotype); 64–65, C. davidis; 66–67, C. donckieri; 68–69, C. jucunda; 70–71, C. krikkeni new species (holotype); 72–73, C. nigra; 74–75, C. velutina new species (holotype); 76–77, C. vietnamensis new species (holotype); 78–79, C. yunnana; 80–81, C. raui; 82–83, C. sinensis new species (holotype).

FIGURES 112–135. Male habitus of Clinterocera (typical form), dorsal and ventral view. 112–113, Clinterocera brevifasciata new species (holotype); 114–115, C. davidis (Fujian, China); 116–117, C. donckieri (Guizhou, China); 118–119, C. jucunda (Chiang Rai, Thailand); 120–121, C. krikkeni new species (holotype); 122–123, C. nigra (Taiwan); 124–125, C. velutina new species (holotype); 126–127, C. vietnamensis new species (holotype); 128–129, C. yunnana (Yunnan, China); 130–131, C. ishikawai (paratype); 132–133, C. raui (Hua Phan, Laos); 134–135, C. sinensis new species (holotype).

FIGURES 136–147. Male habitus of Clinterocera (typical form), oblique view. 136, Clinterocera brevifasciata new species (holotype); 137, C. davidis (Fujian, China); 138, C. donckieri (Guizhou, China); 139, C. jucunda (Chiang Rai, Thailand); 140, C. krikkeni new species (holotype); 141, C. nigra (Taiwan); 142, C. velutina new species (holotype); 143, C. vietnamensis new species (holotype); 144, C. yunnana (Yunnan, China); 145, C. ishikawai (Ryukyu, Japan, paratype); 146, C. raui (Hua Phan, Laos); 147, C. sinensis new species (holotype).

FIGURES 148–164. Habitus of Clinterocera (variation). 148, Clinterocera brevifasciata new species (Yunnan, China, paratype); 149, C. brevifasciata (Yunnan, China, allotype); 150, C. davidis (Guangxi, China); 151–152, C. davidis (Fujian, China); 153, C. davidis (Guangxi, China); 154–158, C. davidis (Fujian, China); 159–161, C. donckieri (Guangxi, China, slightly greasy); 162, C. jucunda (Hua Phan, Laos); 163, C. jucunda (Yunnan, China); 164, C. jucunda (Cao Bang, Vietnam).

FIGURES 181–186. Habitat of Clinterocera brevifasciata new species. 181, Overall view of Mount Daweishan, Yunnan, China; 182–184, a closer view of the habitat at the foot of the mountain and adults in different ants nests in the same decaying log (Mount Daweishan, photograph by Lu Qiu); 185, Pheidole ant; 186, Cerapachys fossulatus ant.

FIGURES 187–193. Habitat and different stages of Clinterocera brevifasciata new species. 187, Forest habitat near the mountain top of Mount Daweishan, Yunnan, China; 188–189, a closer view of habitat and an adult in a Pheidole ant nest in a decaying log; 190–193, eggs, larva, pupa, and adult in artificial conditions.