Canarium boivinii Engl.

Daly, Douglas C., Raharimampionona, Jeannie & Federman, Sarah, 2015, A revision of Canarium L. (Burseraceae) in Madagascar, Adansonia 37 (2), pp. 277-345 : 295-296

Canarium boivinii Engl.

( Fig. 2 )

In A.DC. & C.DC., Monographiae Phanerogamarum Prodromi 4: 110, 111 (1883). — Typus: Madagascar. Prov. Toamasina, Sainte Marie , IV.1851, L.-H. Boivin s.n. (lecto-, annotated by Leenhouts July 1955, P[P00048609]!; isolecto-, P[P00048608]!). MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Madagascar. Toamasina, Ambanizana , Parc National Masoala , Tampolo , 5 m, 15°42’43”S, 49°57’48”E, 16.I.2006, D. C. Daly, J. Raharimampionona, J. Razanatsoa, J. Aridy & Senario 12962 ( NY, TEF) , Forêt de Tampolo , 10 m, 15°43’45”S, 49°57’38”E, 16.X.2001, R. Randrianaivo 688 ( MO) ; Analanjirofo, N of Ivontaka (S of Mananara ), 0 m, 16°17’S, 49°49E, 28.IX.1957, Service Forestier 18219 ( MO, P[P05311778], TEF [not seen]) . Antsiranana, Sava, Antalaha, Ambohitralanana , Ambinanimarambo to Sahanjana , 3 m, 15°13’44”S, 50°27’00”E, 9.VI.2001, Richard Razakamalala 122 ( MO, NY, P, TAN) .

DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Canarium boivinii is known only from NE Madagascar, on either side of the Bay of Antongil and slightly farther north to Ambohitralanana, where it is a small to relatively large tree of primary and disturbed moist forest on slopes and hills near and on the bay, elevation 5-10 m. Flowering Apr.-Jun., fruiting Sep.-Jan. COMMON NAMES. — Haramtsitsihy, aramé.

DESCRIPTION

Trees, reproductive size 15-25 m, up to 75 cm diam, with thick plank buttresses. Outer bark gray, thin, slightly scalloped, with sparse small raised lenticels, shed only on buttresses in small rectangular plates; inner bark orange-tan, brittle. Leaves 17-42 cm long, 5-7-jugate; petiole 3.7-5 cm long, petiole and rachis with white bristles and sparse, thick, erect ferrugineous hairs to 0.15 mm long, sometimes becoming subglabrous in spots, also with scattered elongate raised lenticels; stipules 10- 13 mm from insertion of petiole, 7-9 mm long, essentially cruciform with two broad lateral lobes, constricted at base, somewhat fleshy, laterally involute, with sparse to dense appressed thick ferrugineous hairs to 0.2 mm long, the scar 2(-3) mm long; basal petiolules 4-7 (10) mm long, other laterals 4-8 (12) mm long, terminal one 13-22 mm long, petiolules not canaliculate, lateral pulvinuli inconspicuous; basal leaflets 3.5-4.3 × 2.1-2.8 cm, (broadly) ovate, other laterals 3.7-10 × 2.2-3.6 cm, oblong to oblong-ovate or less often elliptic, terminal leaflet 5.1-6.3 × 2.1-2.7 cm, elliptic to slightly oblanceolate; leaflet apex abruptly and broadly short-acuminate, the acumen 2-4 (10) mm long, the apex tip sometimes appearing glandular-apiculate; lateral leaflet base usually symmetrical, truncate to obtuse; margin flat, leaflets coriaceous, drying light brown, usually glossy (sometimes dull adaxially); secondary vein framework brochidodromous, looping near margin, secondaries in 6-16 pairs, insertion decurrent, spreading to almost perpendicular, the angle sometimes decreasing toward apex, spacing usually regular; tertiaries irregular-reticulate, quaternaries regular-polygonal; on abaxial side the veins all narrowly prominent, surface (or just midvein) with scattered thick appressed pale golden hairs to 0.1 mm long and scattered snail-shaped glands, or subglabrous; on adaxial side the midvein narrowly prominulous but sunk in a groove, higher order veins broadly prominulous or flat, the surface with pubescence as on abaxial surface (but fewer) or glabrous. Pistillate inflorescences 5.5-8+ cm long, secondary axes to 1.4-3.7 cm long, axes with dense to sparse, flexuous, ferrugineous hairs to 0.25 mm long, also with sparse round raised lenticels; bracts on inflorescence axes to 7.4 mm long, obovate, fleshy; pedicel c. 1.7 × 1.3 mm. Pistillate buds c. 9.2 mm long; calyx c. 8.5 × 4.8 mm overall, exceeding the ovary, fleshy, the lobes 0.8-1.2 mm long, semi-orbicular, abaxial surface with dense flexuous hairs as on inflorescence axes, adaxial surface with dense appressed whitish hairs to 0.15 mm long; in mature buds the petals c. 4.7 mm long, exposed much less than half their length, carinate, fleshy, abaxial surface with straight hairs to 0.25 mm long, retrorse-appressed except appressed on keels; antesepalous staminodes c. 2.2 mm long with anthers c. 1.4 mm long, the antepetalous staminodes c. 2 mm long with anthers c. 1.3 mm long, the anthers lanceolate in dorsiventral view, obliquely lanceolate in lateral view; receptacle concave and somewhat perigynous; disk 0.3-0.4 tall, 0.25-0.35 mm thick; pistil 3.5 × 1.8 mm overall, the ovary essentially obovoid, with dense appressed whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long, the style 1 × 0.9 mm, slightly conical, with hairs as on ovary but in discrete vertical lines, the stigmatal area 0.9 mm long, the stigmas subglobose. Fruiting pedicel c. 11-15 × 5 mm, slightly clavate, fruiting calyx c. 4 mm long, usually patent, the lobes usually c. 2 mm long, the abaxial side with dense flexuous ferrugineous hairs to 0.15 mm long, the adaxial side with dense appressed whitish hairs to 0.25 mm long. Fruits 4.5- 4.6 × 2.3-2.6 cm (to 5.2 × 2-2.7 cm when fresh), (oblong-) obovoid to broadly ellipsoid, sometimes slightly trigonous, the apex rounded to acute and apiculate, the base rounded, surface with rather dense raised ferrugineous lenticels, also with sparse or sometimes dense retrorse/descending, pale golden hairs to 0.6 mm long among the lenticels.

NOTES

Canarium boivinii is compared and contrasted with C. planifolium , sp. nov. in the discussion under that latter species.

Figures

FIG. 2. — Canarium ampasindavae Daly, Raharim. & Federman, sp. nov.: A, leaf, with detail of leaflet (A’) and of petiole with stipular scar (A’’); B, infructescence, with detail of fruit surface (B’). From Tahinarivony et al. 179 (NY). Scale bars: A, B, 2 cm; A’’, 1 cm; A’, B’, not to scale.