Canarium findens Daly, Raharim. & Federman, 2015

Daly, Douglas C., Raharimampionona, Jeannie & Federman, Sarah, 2015, A revision of Canarium L. (Burseraceae) in Madagascar, Adansonia 37 (2), pp. 277-345 : 306-308

Canarium findens Daly, Raharim. & Federman , sp. nov.

( Figs 1; 12 A-C)

Large trees, leaves 2-3-jugate, leaves rigidly coriaceous, fruit oblong- (ob)ovoid to oblong to ovoid, densely lenticellate; distinguished from C. obtusifolium Scott-Elliot by the petiole and rachis surface sparsely short-pubescent (not densely pubescent with hairs to 0.3 mm long).

TYPUS. — Madagascar. Antsiranana, Parc National Marojejy, along trail to summit of Marojejy Est , NW of Mandena, 850-1000 m elev., 14°26’S, 49°15’E, 11.II.1989, J. S. Miller & P. P. Lowry II 3956 (holo-, NY!; iso-, MO, P[P00501653]!, TAN) .

PARATYPI. — Madagascar. Antsiranana, Sava, Parc National Marojejy , 900 m, 14°26’07.8”S, 49°46’19.2”E, 28.I.2006. D. C. Daly, J. Raharimampionona, J. Razanatsoa & D. Ravelonarivo 13033 ( NY, TEF) , Réserve Spéciale d’Anjanaharibe-Sud , 1161-1424 m, 14°46’15”S, 49°28’E, 21.III.1994, D. Ravelonarivo et al. 97 ( MO, NY, P[P00501654], TAN) .

DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Canarium findens , sp. nov. is known only from NE Madagascar, in Marojejy National Park and the Réserve Spéciale Anjanaharibe Sud, where it is a large tree usually of (lower) montane wet forest on very steep slopes between 550-1424 m elevation. Fruiting Feb.-Apr.

COMMON NAME. — Haramin-tsitsihy.

ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet refers to the tendency of the thick leaflets to split when pressed.

DESCRIPTION

Trees, reproductive size 25-40 m, to at least 50 cm diam. Low thick plank buttresses present. Outer bark gray, thin, rough, with raised lenticels, shed in thick irregular plates; inner bark reddish. Resin translucent white. Leaves 11-46.5 cm long, 2-3-jugate; petiole (2.5) 6.5-10.4 cm long, petiole and rachis with dense ascending golden hairs to 0.3 mm long, also with elongate lenticels; stipules 5-13 mm from petiole insertion, c. 4 mm long, semi-orbicular, caducous, the scar 1.5-4 mm long; basal petiolules 5-20 mm long, other laterals 6-33 mm long, terminal one 22-52 mm long, petiolules not canaliculate, distal pulvinuli sometimes conspicuous; basal leaflets 3-12 × 2.5-8.5 cm, broadly (ob-)ovate to subrotund, other laterals 4-16.2 × 2.4-7.2 cm, (broadly) obovate, rarely broadly ovate, leaflet apex abruptly and broadly short-acuminate, sometimes rounded, the acumen 0-2 mm long, lateral leaflet base usually symmetric to slightly oblique, cuneate to acute or truncate, terminal leaflet 7.5-15 × 32.85 cm, obovate; leaflet margin usually revolute or sometimes flat; leaflets drying dark brown, markedly coriaceous, dull, often brittle and splitting when pressed; secondary vein fabric usually brochidodromous but looping at the margin and sometimes appearing eucamptodromous on adaxial side, secondaries in 8-12 pairs, essentially straight, insertion slightly decurrent, spacing sometimes irregular, angle decreasing toward apex and increasing toward base, sometimes 1-2 perpendicular epimedial tertiaries present per pair of secondaries, intercostal tertiaries and quaternaries opposite-alternate percurrent; on abaxial surface all veins prominent, all surface with sparse ascending golden hairs to 0.25 mm long (dense on midvein through tertiaries); on adaxial surface all veins flat or slightly impressed except midvein sometimes prominulous and sunk in a groove, the surface with descending ferrugineous hairs to 0.5 mm long. Infructescences 22-26 cm long, secondary axes to 12 cm, all axes with scattered to dense, fine, flexuous golden hairs to 0.3 mm long, also scattered straight golden hairs to 0.7 mm long; fruiting pedicel 4-10 mm long, cylindrical to slightly clavate, fruiting calyx 6-7 mm long, spreading to almost patent, the lobes often distinct, 2-3 mm long but sometimes broken off. Fruits 2.8-3.5 × 1.5-2.3 cm, oblong-(ob)ovoid to oblong to ovoid, rarely slightly trigonous, apex rounded to almost acute, the base obtuse to truncate, surface with dense, raised, large, ferrugineous lenticels, also with dense appressed golden hairs to 1 mm long among the lenticels.

NOTES

Canarium findens , sp. nov. is easily distinguished from its congeners in Madagascar by its rigidly coriaceous leaflets that are markedly revolute and convex (fresh or dry), usually splitting when pressed and dried. Occasional specimens of C. obtusifolium have similar properties, but the latter can be distinguished by the petiole and rachis surface with sparse hairs to 0.05 mm long (vs dense hairs to 0.3 mm long).

Figures

FIG. 12. — A-C, Canarium findens Daly, Raharim. & Federman, sp. nov.: A, branchlet with detail of stipular scars (A’); B, apex with stipules; C, detail of leaflet margin; D-H, Canarium elegans Daly, Raharim. & Federman, sp. nov.: D, portion of infructescence; E, branchlet with detail of leaflet margin (E’’) and of stipules (E’); F, bud with bracteole; G, leaf with detail of petiole base and stipules (G’); H, portion of infructescence; I, fruit and longisection (left); A-C, Daly et al. 13033 (NY); D, Miller & Lowry 3956 (NY); E, F, Daly et al. 13024 (NY); G, Daly et al. 12963 (NY); H, from Vasey & Velo 122 (MO); I, McPherson 17118 (NY). Scale bars: A, D, E, G-I, 2 cm; B, 5 mm; C, 1 cm; A’, E’, G’[, not to scale.