Pennithera firmata (Hübner), Hubner

Schmidt, Olga, 2014, Comparison of the structure and musculature of male terminalia in the tribe Cidariini Duponchel (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae) once again throws into doubt a sister relationship with the Xanthorhoini, Zootaxa 3856 (3), pp. 399-418 : 410

Pennithera firmata (Hübner)

( Figs 19–20 )

The valvae are medium-sized, slightly narrowed medially, with the costa valvae broad, weakly sclerotized and apically slightly projected, with a medial rounded projection, with a broad sclerotized sacculus, and with the ventral margin bearing a short claw-like medial outgrowth. The shape of the muscles m5(7) is unusual for the tribe. They are powerful and run along the proximal valval half, with a bundle being attached to the vinculum. The muscles m1 are medium-sized, running from the anterior margin of the tegumen to the base of the uncus. The transtilla is laterally attached to the basal elongated projections of the costa valvae. The rather long muscles m4 extend from the proximal areas of the vinculum to the rounded lateral curves of the transtilla close to the base of the costa valvae. The small muscles m3(2) connect the anterior margin of the tegumen to the most lateral region of the transtilla close to the base of the costa valvae. The muscles m2(10) originate at the lateral corners of the anterior margin of the tegumen and run parallel to the subscaphium to the distal part of the anal tube. The muscles m8(3) extend from the posterior margin of a broad sub-rectangular saccus to the area between the bases of the labides. The aedeagus is almost parallel-sided, with a patch of cornuti in its distal part. The muscles m6(5) run from the distal part of the vinculum to the basal process of the aedeagus. The muscles m7(6) extend from the lateral corners of the anterior margin of the saccus to the medio-distal portion of the aedeagus.

Figures

FIGURES 19 – 20. Pennithera firmata, male genitalia and muscles: 19. Armature (proximal part of subscaphium, distal part of muscles m 2 (10) on the right side, muscles m 4 on the left side and ventral band of muscles m 5 (7) on the right side not shown). 20. Aedeagus.