Platyozius laevis ( Borradaile, 1902 )

CASTRO, PETER & NG, PETER K. L., 2010, Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea), Zootaxa 2375 (1), pp. 1-130 : 84-89

Platyozius laevis ( Borradaile, 1902)

( Figs. 33A–F ; 34A–F ; 35A–G ; 38A–C )

Pseudozius (Platyozius) laevis Borradaile, 1902: 243 , fig. 45. — Garth 1971: 185 [in list].

Platyozius laevis — Rathbun 1906: 861, pl. 11, fig. 7 [Hawaiian Is.].

Eucrate sulcatifrons — Edmondson 1962: 4, figs. 1 b, 2a-c [Hawaiian Is.] — McLaughlin et al. 2005: 257 [in list]. [not Eucrate sulcatifrons ( Stimpson, 1858) = Eucrate crenata (De Haan, 1835) ]

Eucrate laevis — Dai et al. 1996: 247, fig. 10 [South China Sea]. — Ng et al. 2008: 78 [in list]. — Yang et al. 2008: 770 [in list] [ China].

Eucrate sp. — Kawamoto & Okuno 2003: 149 [colour photograph] [ Japan].

Type material. Male holotype, 5.0 mm × 6.0 mm ( UMZC) ( Fig. 34A ) ; 1 female, 7.5 mm × 9.5, 1 male, 7.0 mm × 8.5 mm ( UMZC) not mentioned in the description .

Type locality. Maldives, Suvadiva Atoll , 36 m.

Material examined. Madagascar. North of Nosy Be , 12°26’N, 48°16’E, 200 m, G. Casellato coll., 10.1971: 1 male ( MNHN-B30524 ) .

Seychelles. REVES 2: stn.18, 05.09.1980: 1 female, 4.4 mm × 4.8 mm ( MNHN-B30539 ) ; stn. 32, 57 m, 09.09.1980: 1 female, 4.2 mm × 4.3 mm ( MNHN-B30535 ) ; stn. 51, 42 m, coral and sand, 15.09.1980: 1 male 6.4 mm × 7.7 mm, 1 female, 5.3 mm × 6.2 mm ( MNHN-B30537 ) ; stn. 60, 41 m, 19.09.1960: 1 male, 6.0 mm × 7.5 mm, 4 pre-adults females, 6.3 mm × 7.7 mm, 6.4 mm × 7.7 mm, 6.0 mm × 7.2 mm, cw 7.8 mm, 1 preadult 4.5 mm × 5.2 mm ( MNHN-B30534 ) .

Maldives. Suvadiva Atoll , 36 m.: male holotype, 5.0 mm × 6.0 mm; same location: 1 female, 7.5 mm × 9.5, 1 male, 7.0 mm × 8.5 mm ( UMZC). – Laamu Atoll, under boulders in reef, A. Anand J. K. coll., 1 male, 6.1 mm × 7.8 mm ( ZRC 2007.0707 ) .

Japan. Ogasawara Is., off Chichi-jima I., 27°06.35’N, 142°10.48’E, 59– 55 m, coral sand and rock, TRV Shin’yo-maru, 1997 cruise, stn. 10, T. Komai coll.: 2 males, 5.0 mm × 5.6 mm, 4.6 mm × 5.2 mm ( CBMZC 6531 ) .

Hong Kong. No data: 1 female ( SWIMS SML-Z-159.1 ) .

Philippines. Sulu Archipelago , Basilan Straits, SW Malanipa I., 48–51 m, Pele, B. R. Wilson coll., 12.02.1964: 1 male, 5.4 mm × 7.0 mm ( MNHN-B10342 ) .

Bohol, Panglao I., Balicasag I., tangle nets of local fishermen, 12.2003: 1 female, 11.0 mm × 14.0 mm ( ZRC 2004.0806 ); 02.05.2004 : 1 female, 9.5 mm × 11.9 mm ( ZRC 2004.0732 ) .

Indonesia. Ceram , Mariel King Memorial Expedition: stn. CP I, haul 1, Piru Bay, 03°15’S, 128°8’E, 59– 64 m, 01.06.1970: 1 male, 4.5 mm × 4.8 mm ( MNHN-B30773 ); stn. CP III, 01.06.1970: 1 male, 5.7 mm × 6.6 mm ( MNHN-B30774 ) .

Kai Is., Mariel King Memorial Expedition: stn. KR VI, haul 3–10, north of Du Rowa I., 05°32’S, 132°41’E, 27–37 m, 11.06.1970: 1 female, 5.1 mm × 6.3 mm ( MNHN-B30840 ) .

Solomon Is. SALOMON 1: stn. DW 1822, 09°51.8’S, 160°51.8’E, 51–54 m: 1 male, 4.2 mm × 4.7 mm ( MNHN-B30777 ); 1 male, 4.6 mm × 4.8 mm ( MNHN-B32011 ) .

Vanuatu. SANTO 2006: stn. DB29, west of Malo I., 15°38.9’S, 167°05.1’E, 15 m, 17.09.2006: 1 male, 6.9 mm × 8.5 mm ( ZRC) .

Australia. Queensland, Wreck Reef near Porpoise Cay , 22°11’S, 155°20’E, outer reef flat under dead coral boulders at base of live coral heads, low tide, J. Short & S. Mullens coll., 14.05.1988: 1 female, 12.3 mm × 15.0 mm ( QM W15174) . – Flinders Reef, off Cape Moreton , 26°59’S, 155°29’E, fringing reef under rock, scuba, 20 m, N. Coleman coll., 09.07.1997: 1 male, 10.9 mm × 13.5 mm ( QM W24144) .

Chesterfield Is. CORAIL 2: stn.DW1, 20°55.9’S, 161°40.7’E, 59 m, 20.07.1988: 1 female, 6.5 mm × 7.7 mm ( MNHN-B30801 ). – Stn. DW 11, 20°59’S, 161°41’E, 58 m, 20.07.1988: 1 male, 5.5 mm × 6.9 mm ( MNHN-B30779 ) .

New Caledonia. LAGON: stn. 229, Ile Ouen, Baie du Prony, 22°39’S, 166°39’E, 41 m: 1 male, 6.6 mm × 8.0 mm ( MNHN-B30778 ) .

LAGON EST: stn. 748, 21°16.9’S, 165°49.9’E, 35 m, 06.01.1987: 1 pre-adult female, 6.1 mm × 7.4 mm, photograph CB 392 ( MNHN-B30782 ) .

MUSORSTOM 5: stn. DW 264, 25°19.69’S, 159°44.33’E, 56 m, 08.10.1986: 1 male, 7.0 mm × 8.5 mm, photograph ( MNHN-B30780 )

NORFOLK 2: stn. DW 2135, 23°02’S, 168°21’E, 295–330 m, 03.11.2003: 1 female, 5.4 mm × 6.7 mm ( MNHN-B30781 ) .

Loyalty Is. Ouvéa I., Mouli, diving, 11 m, J.-P. Menou coll., 13.11.1991: 1 male, 10.1 mm × 12.5 mm, photograph CB 1070 ( MNHN-B30608 ) .

Micronesia. Yap I., Y–251, R. Hiatt coll., 1952: 1 male, 8.5 mm × 10.7 mm ( MNHN-B24496 ) .

Marshall Is. Enewetak Atoll, #090351-B: 1 male, 1 pre-adult female, 1 female ( LACM) .

Hawaiian Is. Northwest Hawaiian Is, French Frigate Shoals, stn. FFS 114, 23.699°N, 166.058°W, fore reef, 16.8 m, G. Paulay et al. coll., 19.10.2006: 1 male, photograph 1JMO166, 6.9 mm × 8.6 mm ( LACM) ; 23.699°N, 166.0575°W, under coral rubble, 16.7 m: 1 male, photograph, 5.0 mm × 6.5 mm ( UF 12194 ) . – Stn FFS 192, 23.699°N, 166.058°W, fore reef, under coral rubble, 25.7 m, G. Paulay et al. coll., 26.10.2006: 1 male, photograph, 7.7 mm × 9.7 mm ( UF 12283 ) ; 23.8633°N, 166.1877°W: 1 male, photograph, 4.4 mm × 4.9 mm ( UF 12284 ) . – Stn FFS 193, 23.8445°N, 166.3348°W, back reef, under coral rubble, 18.1 m, G. Paulay et al. coll., 26.10.2006: 1 male, photograph, 13.5 mm × 10.4 mm ( UF 12282 ) .

Oahu, Halona Blowhole, 17 m, 21°26’N, 157°58’W, under surface of rubble, R. Holcom coll., 2.08.1997: 1 male, 7.7 mm × 9.5 mm (QM W28380) .

French Polynesia. Tuamotu Archipelago , Rangiroa Atoll , ca. 1 km S of NW point of atoll off Motu Maeherahonae, stn. BRNG–31, 14°55.72’S, 147°51.47’W, reef flat, under coral rubble, Liu et al. coll., 13.10.2001: 2 females, 9.5 mm × 12.1 mm, 12.5 mm × 16.0 mm, photographs GP909: 5–7 and 912: 9–11 ( UF 1534 ) .

Society Is., Moorea , offshore between Motu Tiahura and Fareone, outer reef slope, 17.4848°N, 149.9172°W, S. McKeon et al. coll., 14.10.2008: 1 ovigerous female, 7.8 mm × 9.4 mm ( UF 15510 ) .

Diagnosis. Anterolateral borders of carapace each with three short, triangular teeth ( Figs. 33A–E ; 34 ); postorbital ridge along entire anterior portion of carapace ( Fig. 34E ); obtuse outer orbital angle ( Figs. 34 ; 35A–C ). Dorsal surface of carapace with brightly coloured pattern of irregular lines ( Fig. 33 ).

Remarks. Unique among euryplacids is a postorbital ridge that curves along the entire anterior portion of the carapace between the second anterolateral teeth and parallel to the front and orbits of Platyozius . In small individuals (e.g. male, 5.5 mm × 6.9 mm, MNHN-B30779; male, 7.0 mm × 8.5 mm MNHN-B30780; female, 5.4 mm × 6.7 mm, MNHN-B30781) the ridge, as well as the third anterolateral teeth, are only slightly evident.

Also diagnostic is the unique colour pattern ( Fig. 33 ). The details of the colour pattern (see below) vary, even among specimens collected from the same locality. This relative variation is not correlated with any morphological differences suggesting that these differences are not species specific.

Other details of the morphology of the species are given in the diagnosis of Platyozius (see above) and in Table 1.

Platyiozius laevis shows a very wide geographical distribution across the Indo-West Pacific , wider than any known euryplacid. It has been collected from under coral rubble or rocks at low tide in the Maldives, Australia, the Hawaiian Islands, and French Polynesia as well as dredged in water as deep as 200 m.

Colour pattern. The colourful pattern diagnostic of P. laevis rapidly disappears in alcohol-preserved specimens. It is still discernible in a photograph of a specimen from the Hawaiian Is. given by Rathbun (1906: pl. 11, fig. 7). A colour photograph of a specimen from the type locality, the Maldives (male, 6.1 mm × 7.8 mm; ZRC 2007.0707), shows irregular, red-brown spots and wavy lines across the carapace, an almost continuous, wavy, thin, red-brown band around the anterior and lateral borders of the carapace, and a large irregular spot of the same red-brown colour on the gastric region. There are three red-brown bands across each of the ambulatory legs and one on dactylus of the chelipeds. All carapace and pereopod markings are on a light pink background, except on the anterior half of the carapace, which is yellowish orange. A colour photograph of a specimen from the Ryukyu Is., Japan ( Kawamoto & Okuno 2003: 149, as Eucrate sp. ) shows an almost identical colour pattern to that of the Maldives specimen. There are variations of this colour pattern, however. A specimen from New Caledonia (male, 7.0 mm × 8.5 mm; MNHN-B30780) shows the dark red-brown pattern across the anterior and anterolateral portions of the carapace and a cross-like pattern along the front, bound by two pink circles. The rest of the carapace and the pereopods are pink, with red-brown bands on the ambulatory legs. The colour pattern of two females from French Polynesia (9.5 mm × 12.1 mm, 12.5 mm × 16.0 mm; UF 1534; Fig. 33A, B ) is similar to that of the New Caledonia male except that the red-brown markings on the carapace show slightly different patterns, the carapace having an orange background except six greyish spots, the bands on the ambulatory legs thicker and four in number, and there are irregular spots on each of the chelipeds. Specimens from the Northwest Hawaiian Islands ( Fig. 33C, E, F ) and Vanuatu ( Fig. 33D ) show an orange or white carapace background and variations in the spotting of the chelipeds and banding of the ambulatory legs.

Distribution. Wide distribution across the Indo-West Pacific region: Indian Ocean from Madagascar, Seychelles, the Maldives, and India (unpublished manuscript by M. Deb, Zoological Survey of India); western Pacific from southern Japan to Indonesia (photographic evidence from Sulawesi), New Caledonia, and Queensland, Australia; Micronesia, Marshall Is., Hawaiian Is., and French Polynesia. Depth: intertidal to 200 m.

Genus Psopheticoides Sakai, 1969

Psopheticoides Sakai, 1969: 272 ; 1976: 523 [in key], 528. — Serène & Vadon 1981: 127 [discussion]. - Karasawa & Kato 2003a: 151 [in list]; 2003b: 139 [in list]. — Castro 2007: 618, 620 [discussion]. — Ng & Castro 2007: 44 [in list]. — Ng et al. 2008: 78, 79 [in list]. — De Grave et al. 2009: 33 [in list].

Diagnosis. Carapace ( Figs. 36A ; 39C ) trapezoidal, almost as wide as long, dorsal surface smooth without clear indication of regions, large orange-red, circle on cardiac region (remains visible in preserved specimens); anterolateral borders arched; front wide, straight with small median notch (absent in large individuals), transverse sulcus along margin. Two teeth posterior to triangular outer orbital angle, first short, elongated with rounded outline following arched anterolateral border, second acute, dorsally salient. Orbits long, wide, spherical ( Fig. 36B ), 2 weak notches on supraorbital border, raised lobe immediately before inner notch; small, low inner suborbital tooth on broad, suborbital border ( Fig. 36C ); eye peduncles short, large reniform (dorsoventrally flattened) corneas ( Fig. 36B, C ). Basal antennal article slightly mobile, completely closing orbital hiatus so that antennal flagellum is excluded from orbit ( Fig. 36B, C ). Anteroexternal margin of third maxilliped merus auriculiform ( Fig. 36C ). Cheliped fingers ( Fig. 36D ) stout, slightly longer than swollen propodus, light in colour; carpus with tooth on inner margin, merus with acute anterodorsal tooth; row of short setae along anterior margin of carpus. Dorsal margins of ambulatory legs (P2–P5) meri, carpi, propodi unarmed, dactyli slender, smooth, setose; P5 propodus, dactylus proportionally short, flattened ( Fig. 36A ), fringed with many short setae. Thoracic sternum ( Fig. 36E, G ) wide; thoracic suture 2/3 complete, straight ( Fig. 36E ); 3/4 deep, short, interrupted; 4/5, 6/7, 7/8 interrupted, 5/6 complete ( Fig. 36G ); median groove on thoracic sternites 7, 8. Sterno-abdominal cavity of male deep, nearly reaching anterior margin of sternite 4 ( Fig. 36E ). Press-button of male abdominal-locking mechanism as large tubercle near thoracic suture 4/5 (presence in pre-adult females unknown). Male abdomen narrow, slender (T-shaped), lateral margins of somites 4–6 abruptly narrowing from somite 3 to transversely narrow, pointed telson ( Fig. 36E ); somite 3 reaching inner margins of P5 coxae; no portions of thoracic sternite 8 exposed by closed abdomen, somite 2 transversely slightly shorter than somite 3 ( Fig. 36F ), somite 1 conspicuous. G1 long, slender, slightly sinuous, arrowhead-shaped apex, relatively large denticles ( Fig. 38D, E ); G2 less than one-third of G1, straight, apex with 2 processes: one long, tip obtuse; second much shorter, tip obtuse ( Fig. 38F ). Male genital opening (gonopore) coxal; coxosternal disposition of long penis with greatly expanded proximal portion, protected by concave posterior portion of thoracic sternite 7. Vulva crescent shaped, extending across anterior, median portion of sternite 6 close to median axis of thorax ( Fig. 36G ); thick, transverse, ventrally projecting sternal vulvar cover on outer margin in large females ( Fig. 36G ).

Type species. Psopheticoides sanguineus Sakai, 1969 (by original designation, gender masculine).

Remarks. The inclusion of the genus in the subfamily Euryplacinae of the Goneplacidae was first suggested (conduisent à l’inclure) by Serène & Vadon (1981: 127), although Sakai (1969: 272) had noted the similarities in the male abdomen and gonopods of his new species with those of Eucrate . Karasawa & Kato (2003a: 151; 2003b: 139) formally included Psopheticoides in the Euryplacinae and ultimately in the Euryplacidae ( Castro 2007: 618, 620; Ng et al. 2008: 78, 79).

Unusual among euryplacids are the dorsoventrally flattened reniform eyes in this species ( Fig. 36B ), a character also found in Frevillea ( Figs. 18E, F ; 19A, B ) and in some members of the Goneplacidae ( Castro 2007) . The G1 is unusual in featuring an arrowhead-shaped apex ( Fig. 38D, E ; Sakai 1969: fig. 17a, a’). Also unusual among euryplacids is the presence of a fully sclerotised sternal vulvar cover ( Fig. 36G ). Psopheticoides shares such a structure with only one euryplacid genus, Trissoplax n. gen. ( Fig. 41G ). The typical euryplacid vulva has simple margins and the opening itself is covered by a soft membrane (e.g. Figs. 3G , 19H ). The role of such a sclerotised vulvar cover, in goneplacoids remains unknown (see Castro 2007: 755).

Species included. Psopheticoides sanguineus Sakai, 1969 The genus is restricted to the Indo-West Pacific region.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Eucrate crenata (De Haan, 1835); A–F, male neotype of Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons Stimpson, 1858 (34.0 mm × 49.1 mm) (QM W27449), Hong Kong, New Territories, Tolo Channel; G, female (22.1 mm × 27.1 mm) (ZRC 2002.0493), China, Qingdao. A, overall view; B, frontal view showing orbits and antennae; C, anterior portion of male thoracic sternum and abdomen; D, third maxillipeds, antennules, antennae and orbits; E, outer surface of right chela; F, posterior portion of male thoracic sternum and abdomen; G, female thoracic sternum and vulvae. Abbreviations: a1–a6 = male abdominal somites 1–6, respectively; cx5 = coxa of fifth pereopod (P5); s3–s7 = thoracic sternites 3 to 7, respectively; t = telson; v = vulva.

FIGURE 18. A, B, Euryplax nitida Stimpson, 1859; A, female (USNM 276579), Gulf of Mexico, off Florida, ventral view of carapace; B, female (10.1 mm × 7.1 mm) (LACM), Colombia, Atlantic coast, ventral view of carapace; C, D, Euryplax polita Smith, 1870; male (18.9 mm × 33.8 mm) (LACM), Perú, Tumbes; E, F, Frevillea hirsuta (Borradaile, 1916); E, male lectotype of Goneplax hirsutus Borradaile, 1916 (10.5 mm × 15.2 mm) (NHM 1917.1.29.148–9); F, female paralectotype of Goneplax hirsutus Borradaile, 1916 (12.0 mm × 17.8 mm) (NHM 1917.1.29.148–9). A, ventral view; B, D, female sterno-abdominal cavity; C-F, overall view; D; male sterno-abdominal cavity. Abbreviations: a3 = male abdominal somite 3; G1 = first male pleopod; G2 = second male pleopod; pb = press-button of male abdominallocking mechanism; s4–s8 = thoracic sternites 4 to 8, respectively; v = vulva. Photo credits: B, C, D by J. Martin (LACM); E, F by P. Crabb (NHM).

FIGURE 19. Frevillea hirsuta (Borradaile, 1916); A, H, female (13.3 mm × 19.9 mm) (MNHN-B30601), West Indies, Guadeloupe, off Basse Terre; B–G, male (16.6 mm × 24.9 mm) (MNHN-B30601), West Indies, Guadeloupe, off Basse Terre. A, overall view; B, frontal view showing orbits and antennae; C, third maxillipeds; D, anterior portion of male thoracic sternum and abdomen; E, outer view of right chela; F, male sterno-abdominal cavity, G1, and penis; G, posterior portion of male abdomen; H, female thoracic sternum and vulvae. Abbreviations: a1–a3 = male abdominal somites 1, 2, 3, respectively; cx5 = coxa of fifth pereopod (P5); es7 = episternite 7; G1 = first male pleopod; mg = median groove; p = penis; pb = press-button of male abdominal-locking mechanism; s4–s7 = thoracic sternites 4 to 7, respectively; sc = sterno-abdominal cavity.

FIGURE 33. Platyozius laevis (Borradaile, 1902), colours in life. A, female (12.5 mm × 16.0 mm) (UF 1534), French Polynesia, Tuamotu Archipelago, Rangiroa Atoll; B, female (9.5 mm × 12.1 mm) (UF 1534), same location; C, specimen not located (LACM), Hawaiian Is., Northwest Hawaiian Islands, French Frigate Shoals; D, specimen not located, male, Vanuatu; E, F, male (6.9 mm × 8.6 mm) (LACM), Hawaiian Is., Northwest Hawaiian Islands, French Frigate Shoals. A– E, overall views; F, ventral view. Photo credits: A, B by Florida Museum of Natural History (UF); C–F by J. Martin (LACM).

FIGURE 34. Platyozius laevis (Borradaile, 1902); A, male holotype of Pseudozius (Platyozius) Borradaile, 1902 (5.0 mm × 6.0 mm) (UMZC), Maldives, Suvadiva Atoll (after Borradaile 1902: fig. 45); B, male holotype of Pseudozius (Platyozius) Borradaile, 1902 (5.0 mm × 6.0 mm) (UMZC), Maldives, Suvadiva Atoll; C, topotypic female of Pseudozius (Platyozius) Borradaile, 1902 (7.5 mm × 9.5 mm) (UMZC), Maldives; D, male (6.0 mm × 7.5 mm) (MNHN- B30534), Seychelles; E, female (12.5 mm × 16.0 mm) (UF 1534), French Polynesia, Tuamotu Archipelago, Rangiroa Atoll; F, female (6.3 mm × 7.7 mm) (MNHN-B30534), Seychelles. Abbreviation: pr = postorbital ridge. Photo credits: B, C by T.-Y. Chan (NTOU).

FIGURE 35. Platyozius laevis (Borradaile, 1902); A, female (11.0 mm × 14.0 mm) (ZRC 2004.0806), Bohol, Panglao Is., Balicasag I.; B, C, F, male (7.7 mm × 9.5 mm) (QM W28380), Hawaiian Is., Oahu, Halona Blowhole; D, E male (6.0 mm × 7.5 mm) (MNHN-B30534), Seychelles; F, female (12.5 mm × 16.0 mm) (UF 1534), French Polynesia, Tuamotu Archipelago, Rangiroa Atoll. A, frontal view showing orbits and antennae; B, outer surface of left chela; C, third maxillipeds; D, anterior portion of male thoracic sternum and abdomen; E, posterior portion of male thoracic sternum and abdomen; F, male sterno-abdominal cavity, G1, and penis; G, female thoracic sternum and vulvae. Abbreviations: a2, a3 = male abdominal somites 2 and 3, respectively; cx5 = coxa of fifth pereopod (P5); es7 = episternite 7; G1 = first male pleopod; p = penis; s4–s7 = thoracic sternites 4 to 7, respectively; v = vulva.

FIGURE 36. Psopheticoides sanguineus Sakai, 1969; male (21.3 mm × 26.5 mm) (ZRC 2004.0752), Philippines, Bohol, Panglao. A, overall view; B, frontal view showing orbits and antennae; C, third maxillipeds; D, outer surface of right chela; E, anterior portion of male thoracic sternum and abdomen; F, posterior portion of male thoracic sternum and abdomen; G. female sternum and vulvae. Abbreviations: a1–a3 = male abdominal somites 1, 2, 3, respectively; cx5 = coxa of fifth pereopod (P5); s4–s7 = thoracic sternites 4 to 8, respectively; vc = sternal vulvar cover.

FIGURE 38. Gonopods of Platyozius, Psopheticoides, and Systroplax; carapace of Systroplax. A–C, Platyozius laevis (Borradaile, 1902), male (6.1 mm × 7.8 mm) (ZRC 2007.0707), Maldives, Laamu Atoll; D–F, Psopheticoides sanguineus Sakai, 1969, male (21.9 mm × 27.8 mm) (ZRC 2008.1357), Philippines, Bohol, Balicasag I.; G–J, Systroplax angusta (Rathbun, 1914); G, G1 (after Guinot 1989: fig. 39D); H, male (32.3 mm × 37.2 mm) (MNHN-B29377), Fiji; I, J, variation in anterolateral borders of carapace (after Guinot 1989: fig. 39A, C). A, B, D, E, right G1, dorsal view; C, F, H, right G2, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, D, 1.0 mm; B, E, 0.5 mm; C, F, H, 0.2 mm; G, 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 39. Colours in life. A, Euryplax nitida Stimpson, 1871; male neotype (7.1 mm × 11.3 mm) (UF 15166), Gulf of Mexico; B, Euryplax nitida Stimpson, 1871; male (4.4 mm × 7.0 mm) (UF 15168), Gulf of Mexico; C, Psopheticoides sanguineus Sakai, 1969, male (22.2 mm × 26.7 mm) (MNHN-B29728), Philippines, Bohol, Panglao; D, Trissoplax dentata (Stimpson, 1858), male (6.2 mm × 8.3 mm) (NHM), Thailand, Andaman Sea; E, Trissoplax dentata (Stimpson, 1858), young male, not preserved, Singapore, Changi; F, Trissoplax dentata (Stimpson, 1858), female (8.7 mm × 11.5 mm) (ZRC 2000.2240), Singapore. Photo credits: A, B by Florida Museum of Natural History (UF); D by P. F. Clark (NHM).

FIGURE 41. Trissoplax dentata (Stimpson, 1858); A–D, F, male neotype of Heteroplax dentatus Stimpson, 1858 (16.4 mm × 21.5 mm) (QM W27400), Hong Kong, Tolo Harbour; E, male (20.0 mm × 26.2 mm), Singapore, Changi Point; G, female (8.7 mm × 11.5 mm) (ZRC 2000.2240) (ZRC 2008.1236), Singapore. A, frontal view showing third maxillipeds; B, frontal view showing orbits and antennae; C, anterior portion of male thoracic sternum; D, posterior portion of male thoracic sternum and abdomen; E, outer surface of right chela; F, male sterno-abdominal cavity, G1 and penis; G, female thoracic sternum and vulvae. Abbreviations: a1–a3 = male abdominal somites 1, 2, 3, respectively; cx5 = coxa of fifth pereopod (P5); es7 = episternite 7; G1 = first male pleopod; G2 = second male pleopod; mg = median groove; p = penis; s4–s7 = thoracic sternites 4 to 7, respectively; vc = sternal vulvar cover.