Osmia (Hoplosmia) ligurica Morawitz 1868

Müller, Andreas, 2018, Palaearctic Osmia bees of the subgenus Hoplosmia (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species, Zootaxa 4415 (2), pp. 297-329 : 317-319

Osmia (Hoplosmia) ligurica Morawitz 1868

Osmia ligurica Morawitz 1868: 150 . Type material: Syntypes ♂♂, ♀♀, “ Bei Nizza im Thale des Paglione” ( France), type depository unknown.

Osmia detrita Pérez 1879: 188 . Type material: Lectotype ♀, by designation of Tkalců (1974a), “Bordeaux, Marseille” (France), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris. Synonymy in Schmiedeknecht (1886).

Literature records. SPAIN: Barcelona (Ceballos 1956); FRANCE: Gironde, Pyrénées-Orientales, Gard, Vaucluse, Bouches-du-Rhône, Var, Alpes-Maritimes (Benoist 1931); Vaucluse, Bouches-du-Rhône, Var ( Tkalců 1974a); Corsica ( Zanden 1980). SWITZERLAND: Geneva (Amiet et al. 2004). AUSTRIA: Lower Austria ( Gusenleitner et al. 2012). SLOVAKIA: Nitra, Štúrovo, Plešivec, Turňa n. Bodvou ( Tkalců 1974a, Straka et al. 2007). HUNGARY: Transdanubian Hills, Transdanubian Mountains, West Hungary ( Józan 2011). ROMANIA: Ban-Calefariu (2009). ITALY: Umbria, Campania ( Tkalců 1974a); Piemonte, Liguria, Emilia-Romagna, Toscana, Lazio, Abruzzi, Molise, Campania, Puglia, Basilicata, Sicily, Sardinia ( Pagliano 1994). SLOVENIA: Portorož ( Tkalců 1974a); submediterranean region (Gogala 2014). CROATIA: Funtana, Krk, Rijeka, Sveta Jelena, Vela Učka ( Józan 2009). MONTENEGRO: Ulcin ( Tkalců 1974a). MACEDONIA: Ohrid ( Zanden 1984a). ALBANIA: Tkalců (1974a). GREECE: Corfu ( Tkalců 1974a). BULGARIA: Slantschev Brjag ( Tkalců 1974a). TURKEY: Mersin ( Zanden 1980); Erzincan, Konya, Icel ( Özbek & Zanden 1992). ARMENIA: Osychnyuk et al. (1978). IRAN, Fars: Nurabad/Durahi ( Khodaparast & Monfared 2013).

New records. MOROCCO: Tanger-Tétouan-Al HoceÏma: Chefchaouen, 730 m, 4.5.2002 (H.J. Flügel); Fès- Meknès: El-Menzel, 30 km E Sefrou, 29.5.1995 (leg. M. Halada). PORTUGAL: Braga: Fafe, San Jorge, 25.5.1991 (leg. M. Schwarz); Castelo Branco: Serra Estrella, 1450 m, 16.7.2009 (leg. V. Bartak); Lisbon: Sobreda, 5.5 – 24.5.1985 (leg. S. Risch); Faro: Carrapateira, 20 km SSW Aljezur, 13.5.1995 (leg. J. Gusenleitner). SPAIN: Girona: Pirineos Orientales, 30 km NW Ripolli, 1750 m, 22.7.2011 (leg. J. Halada); Barcelona: Parc Natural del Garraf, 19.5.2010 (leg. J. Bosch); Tarragona: Ginestar, 50 km N Tortosa, 4.5.2000 (leg. E. Scheuchl); Castellon: Castellon env., 6.1997 (leg. Kadlecova); Valencia: Valencia env., 1.5.1997 (P. Stary); Alicante: Moraira, 15 km SSW Xabla, 3.5.2001 (leg. E. Scheuchl); Murcia: 25 km SW Cartagena, 12.5.2003 (leg. M. Halada); Jaén: Sierra Pozo, Mt. Palomas, 1450 m, 11.6.2003 (leg. M. Kafka); Sevilla: W Villamanrique de la Condesa, 10.5.2013 (leg. J. Smit); Huelva: E El Rocio, Coto Donana, National Park, Arroyo de Partido, 19.4.2003 (leg. S. Roberts); Almeria: Sierra Filabres , 9 km E Albanchez, 23.4.2003 (leg. M. Halada); Granada: Sierra de Tejeda, Punte de Salina, 700 m, 5.2003 (leg. F. Kantner); Malaga: Parauta 13 km S Ronda, 800 m, 5.10.2004 (leg. S. Risch); Cadiz: Chiclana 23 km S Cadiz , 8.4.2010 (leg. C. Schmid-Egger); Menorca: 2007 (leg. P. Mendez). FRANCE: Drôme: Plateau du Coiron, Sceautres-Taverner, 16 km NW Montélimar, 12.7.2002 (leg. J. van der Smissen); Vaucluse: 5 km N Roussillon, Lioux, 9.6.1997 (leg. O. Niehuis); Alpes Maritimes: La Bollène-Vésuble, 630 m, 12.7.2010 (leg. C. Schmid-Egger); Var: Le Muy, L'Endre, 50 m, 15.5.2006 (leg. Hendrichx); Gard: Nîmes, Marguerittes, 7.5.2000 (leg. E. Scheuchl); Aude: 10 km S Carcassone, 85 km SW Toulouse, 18.5.2003 (leg. M. Halada). ROMANIA: Moldova Noua, 27.5.2002 (leg. M. Halada). ITALY: Friuli Venezia Giulia: Gemona di Friule, 230 m, 19.6.2006 (leg. H.J. Flügel); Valle d'Aosta: Parleaz, 1250 m, 2.6.1999 (leg. E. Scheuchl); Emilia Romagna : Berceto, 15.7.1988 (leg. Zinnert); Liguria: Levanto, 31.5 – 5.6.1999 (leg. M. Herrmann); Toscana: Monte Argenario, 40 km S Grosseto, 5.5.1995 (leg. C. Schmid-Egger); Puglia: San Giovanni, Mte. Gargano, 15.5.1990 (leg. A. Müller); Sardinia: Lanusei env., 29.6.2000 (leg. J. Halada); Brunella env., 70 m, 28.5.2013 (leg. J. Halada); Sicilia: 35 km SW Ragusa, 18 – 22.6.2002 (leg. J. Halda). CROATIA: Buzet, 15.5.1993 (leg. Z. Pedr); Dvenik, 16.6.2000 (leg. M. Kafka); 30 km SE Knin, 450 m, 25.5.2005 (leg. Z. Pedr); 40 km N Split, 370 m, 29.5.2005 (leg. Z. Pedr). GREECE: Ionian Islands: Korfu, Mandouki, 19.5.1984 (leg. L. Norén); Epirus: 10 km E Parga, 14.6.1997 (leg. P. Thomas); Thessaly: Mt. Ossa, Kokino Nero, 40 km NE Larissa, 13.5.2005 (leg. J. Halada); Central Greece: Euböä, Xero mountains NE Drimona, 700 m, 26.5.2009 (leg. H. Rausch); Western Greece: Olympia, Alfios valley, 4.6.1995 (leg. W. Arens); Peloponnese: Mani, Agios Dimitrios, 25 m, 3.5.2001 (leg. A. Müller); Crete: Prina env., 7 km S Istro, 12.6.2002 (leg. K. Denes); Aegean Islands: Lesbos, 2.7 km SSE Agiasos, 700 m, 21.6.2004 (leg. A. Kyriakopoulos); Rhodos, Malonas, 150 m, 14.5.2005 (leg. A. Müller); Kos, 26.5.2008 (leg. G. Reder); Ikaria, Glaredo, 20.4.2012 (leg. I. Vavitsas); Limnos, Phalakros, 13.5.2012 (J. Devalez); Naxos, Panagia Drosiani, 16.5.2012 (leg. I. Vavitsas); Thasos, Melissourgos, 22.5.2012 (leg. M. de Courcy); Samothrace, Alonia, 29.5.2012 (M. de Courcy); Chios, Aghio Gala, 7.6.2012 (P. Toutziarakis); Aegina, Sfentouri , 10.5.2013 (leg. S. Margaroni); Santorini, Panagia Kalou, 11.5.2013 (leg. T. Petanidou); Kea, Dihala Sklavou, 26.5.2013 (leg. T. Petanidou).

BULGARIA: Kresna , 5.1980 (leg. M. Kocourek) ; Nessebar , 29.6.1982 (leg. M. Kocourek) ; Rodopi, Hrabrino, 15.6.1997 (leg. A. Zaykov); Trakia, Proslav, 10.7.1997 (leg. Z. Pedr); Plovdiv, 15.8.1997 (leg. Z. Pedr) ; SE Lozenec , 16.6.2008 (leg. M. Halada). TURKEY : Canakkale: Gelibou env., 18.6.1998 (leg. J. Halada) ; Izmir: beween Ödmis and Bozdag, 1020 m, 28.5.2006 (leg. E. Scheuchl) ; Aydin: Kusadasi , 27.6.2006 (leg. E. Scheuchl) ; Kütahya: 20 km NEE Kütahya , 13.7.2006 (leg. M. Halada) ; Burdur: around Dirimli mountainpass, 1350 m, 6.6.2006 (leg. E. Scheuchl) ; Antalya: Seklik Mevkli , 3.6.2009 (leg. J.S. Ascher, J. Rozen, H. Özbek) ; Ankara: between Peçenek and Camlidere , 1140 m, 17.6.2006 (leg. E. Scheuchl) ; Aksaray: Ihara valley , 13.6.2008 (leg. M. Kafka) ; Mersin: Kuzucubelen , 28.5.1998 (leg. M. Halada) ; Nevsehir: Göreme , 18.5.1988 (leg. N. Mohr) ; Adana: Seyhan , 110 m, 22.5.2005 (leg. E. Scheuchl) ; Sivas: 45 km E Yarhisar , 24.6.1993 (leg. Jirousek) ; Hatay: Yayladagi , 11.6.1998 (leg. M. Halada) ; Malatya: Erkenek , 80 km SW Malatya, 9.7.1997 (leg. M. Halada) ; Adiyaman: E Fidanlik , 800 m, 12.5.2006 (leg. H. Özbek) ; Sanliurfa: Caylarbasi , 70 km N Urfa, 2.6.1998 (leg. M. Halada) ; Erzurum : Erzurum, Oltu Basakli , 1850 m, 5.6.2008 (leg. H. Özbek) ; Bitlis: 50 km E Tatvan , 7.7.1997 (leg. M. Halada) ; Kars: Pasli , 50 km S Kars, 1.7.1997 (leg. M. Halada) ; Agri : Agri env., 27.6.1993 (leg. M. Halada). CYPRUS: between Coral Bay and Agios Georgios , 15 km NNW Paphos, 5.5.2003 (leg. E. Scheuchl) ; Mesaoria, Gaziköy W Vadili , 100 m, 26.4.2011 (leg. C. Sedivy, A. Müller) ; Karpaz peninsula, 29.4.2011 (leg. C. Sedivy, A. Müller). ARMENIA : Aragatsotn: Parpi , 1600 m, 31.5.1973 (leg. A. Svozil) ; Mt. Aragats south slope, 3 km N Byurakan, 1830 m, 22.6.2006 (leg. Ø. Berg); Yerevan : Yerevan, 1250 m, 12.6.2004 (leg. Ø. Berg) . GEORGIA: Ghvevi , 30 km W Tbilisi, 13.6.2015 (leg. M. Snizek) . IRAN: Gilan: 5 km E Rudbar , 400 m, 8.6.2014 (leg. J. Halada) . TURKMENISTAN: Firyuza , 40 km W Aschabat, 6.6.1993 (leg. J. Halada) . SYRIA: Marbij env., 9.5.1996 (leg. M. Halada) ; Jisr ash Shughur , 26.5.1996 (leg. M. Halada) ; Hamah / Masyaf env., 9.6.2000 (leg. K. Denes) ; 50 km W Homs, 12.5.2002 (leg. M. Halada) . ISRAEL AND PALESTINE: Northern District: Golan heights, En Fit , 2.9 km ESE Senir, 4.5.2013 (A. Dorchin, D. Bénon, V. Trunz) ; Haifa District: 10 km S Haifa, Har Karmel / Bet Oren , 14.5.1996 (leg. C. Schmid-Egger) ; Central District: 0.75 km N Yaqum , 12m, 9.4.2010 (leg. A. Dorchin) ; Tel Aviv District : Tel Aviv, Botanical Garden , 5.4.2013 (leg. J.S. Ascher) ; Jerusalem District: Judean foothills, Park Britannia , 24.4.2011 (leg. T. Koznichki) ; Southern District: 3 km N Lakhish , 1.4.2016 (leg. G. Pisanty) . JORDAN: Tall Al Arbatin , 20 km S North Shuna, 19.4.1996 (leg. M. Halada) ; 20 km NNW Al Karak, 27.4.2005 (leg. F. Kantner) ; Dibbin , 15 km W Jerash, 2.5.2006 (leg. K. Denes) ; Wadi al Hasa S Al Karak, 20.4.2007 (leg. C. Praz, C. Sedivy, A. Müller) .

Distribution. From northernmost Morocco over Iberia ( Portugal, Spain, Balearic Islands) and southern France (including Corsica) to southwesternmost Switzerland; from eastern Austria, southern Slovakia and Hungary to Romania; from Italy (including Sardinia and Sicily), Slovenia and the Balkan peninsula ( Croatia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Albania, Greece including Crete, Bulgaria) over Turkey and Cyprus to the Caucasus ( Armenia, Georgia), central Iran and southwestern Turkmenistan; from Turkey southwards to the Levant ( Syria, Israel and Palestine, Jordan). The westernmost record is from Sobreda near Lisbon in western Portugal, the northernmost from Turňa nad Bodvou in southeastern Slovakia, the southernmost from Nurabad in Iranian Fars province and the easternmost from Firyuza in southwestern Turkmenistan.

Pollen hosts. Oligolectic on Asteraceae (based on 50 pollen loads from 43 different localities in Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Israel and Palestine, Italy, Jordan, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Turkey and Turkmenistan and on field observations). Among the Asteraceae , O. ligurica only exploits the flowers of Asteroideae and Cichorioideae with a preference for the former subfamily: 36 pollen loads were pure loads of Asteroideae pollen and four were pure loads of Cichorioideae pollen, while seven were mixed loads consisting of the pollen of both subfamilies. Three pollen loads contained small amounts of Brassicaceae , Campanulaceae or Resedaceae pollen beside Asteroideae pollen, suggesting that the females very rarely also exploit pollen hosts other than the Asteraceae . On the Asteroideae , the females take up pollen from the surface of the capitulum directly into their scopa by rapidly moving the metasoma up and down (“abdominal drumming” sensu Cane 2017). Flower records: Hieracium bauhinii (Tkalců 1994) ; Achillea spec., Anthemis tinctoria , Buphthalmum salicifolium , Calendula arvensis , Crepis aculeata , Glebionis coronaria , Hypochaeris achyrophorus , Inula spec., Leontodon spec., Pallenis spinosa , Pulicaria dysenterica , Reichardia picroides (label records).

Nesting biology. The nests are built in 3–4 mm wide burrows in the pith of dead plant stems excavated by other aculeates (e.g. Ceratina ) or in dead hollow stems (Friese 1893; Benoist 1931; Mavromoustakis 1939; Grandi 1961; G. Le Goff personal communication; A. Müller unpublished data; Fig. 9, 10 ). The most important nesting sites are dead tendrils of Rubus; further nesting sites include dead stems of Artemisia , Foeniculum and Scolymus . The nests contain up to eight linearly arranged brood cells, which are separated from each other by partitions constructed from leaf pulp. Leaf pulp is also used to seal the nest at its opening. Leucospis dorsigera Fabricius (Leucospidae) was reared from the nests of O. ligurica (Baur & Amiet 2000) .

Note. In the male, the lower half of the paraocular area is covered with a very short, appressed and plumose pilosity. This specialized pilosity is hypothesized to be involved in the mating behaviour as it is often soaked with a fluid of unknown origin, which might serve to mark home ranges or territories or to communicate with the female during courtship and mating.

Figures

FIGURES 5–10. Nesting behaviour of Osmia (Hoplosmia). 5: Female of Osmia spinulosa entering her nest in an empty shell of Xerolenta obvia. 6: Female of Osmia spinulosa turning her nest in an empty shell of Zebrina detrita in a protected position. 7: Opened nest of Osmia pinguis inan empty snail shell containing three brood cells.8: Females of Osmia distinguenda at their nests in small rock cavities (photo G. Pisanty). 9: Opened nest of Osmia ligurica in a preexisting burrow in a dead stem of Scolymushispanicus (photo G. LeGoff).10: Female of Osmia ligurica at the entranceof her nest in a hollow plant stem (photo H. Wiesbauer).