Osmia (Hoplosmia) scutellaris Morawitz 1868

Müller, Andreas, 2018, Palaearctic Osmia bees of the subgenus Hoplosmia (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species, Zootaxa 4415 (2), pp. 297-329 : 320-321

Osmia (Hoplosmia) scutellaris Morawitz 1868

Osmia scutellaris Morawitz 1868: 151 . Type material: Syntypes ♂ ♀, “im Magnan-Thale” ( France), “auch nördlicher bei Pallanza” ( Italy), “und Lugano” ( Switzerland), type depository unknown.

Heriades integra Benoist 1934: 159 . Type material: Holotype ♂, “ Tanger ” ( Morocco). Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris. Synonymy in Müller & Trunz (2014).

Literature records. ALGERIA: Bouira ( Tkalců 1974a). SPAIN: Lérida (Ceballos 1956). ANDORRA: Andorra ( Zanden 1984b). FRANCE: Puy-de-Dôme, Drôme, Alpes-Maritimes, Var (Benoist 1931); Rhône, Vaucluse, Var, Bouches-du-Rhône ( Tkalců 1974a). SWITZERLAND: Valais, Ticino (Amiet et al. 2004). ITALY: Lazio, Campania ( Tkalců 1974a); Piemonte, Liguria, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Emilia-Romagna, Umbria, Lazio, Abruzzi, Molise, Campania, Basilicata ( Pagliano 1994). SLOVAKIA: Kováčov near Štúrovo ( Tkalců 1974a); Straka et al. (2007). HUNGARY: Transdanubian Mountains ( Józan 2011). UKRAINE: Crimea ( Romasenko 1995). RUSSIA: Dagestan/Derbent ( Morawitz 1874); southern European Russia ( Osychnyuk et al. 1978). SLOVENIA: Submediterranean and subpannonian region (Gogala 1999). CROATIA: Brovinje, Cavići (Zagorje), Hreljin, Krk, Lovran, Martina, Ravni, Sveta Jelena ( Józan 2009). MACEDONIA: Ohrid, Katlanovska Banja ( Zanden 1984a). ALBANIA: Kula Ljums ( Maidl 1922); Lukova ( Tkalců 1974b). BULGARIA: Slantschev Brjag ( Tkalců 1974a). TURKEY: Icel ( Özbek & Zanden 1992). IRAN: Tehran, Gilan and Mazandaran provinces ( Nadimi et al. 2013).

New records. MOROCCO: Oriental: Taforalt , 660 m, 9.5.2002 (leg. H.J. Flügel) ; Fès-Meknès: SW Sefrou , 16.5.2003 (leg. J. Halada) ; Rabat-Salé-Kénitra: Pilote near Khemisset , 19.5.1997 (leg. Prudek) ; Souss-Massa: Imouzzer NNW Agadir, 11.4.1988 (leg. J. Gusenleitner) ; Taroudant , 18.4.1990 (leg. M. Halada) ; Tamzergoute , 10 km N Agadir, 8.4.2015 (leg. C. Schmid-Egger) . TUNISIA: Jendouba: Tabarka, Khathairia, 15.5.1993 (leg. M. Hauser) ; 17 km N Tabarka , 16.4.2001 (leg. M. Snizek) . PORTUGAL: Faro: Hortas do Tabual , 5 km SE Vila do Bispo, 18.5.1995 (leg. J. Gusenleitner) . SPAIN: Girona: Puigcerda , 18.7.1963 (leg. H. Hamann) ; Barcelona: Papiol , 15.5.2010 (leg. J. Bosch) ; Tarragona: Montroig-Badia , 5 km WSW Cambrils, 14.5.2003 (leg. J. Smith) ; Castellon: Castellon env., 6.1997 (leg. Kadlecova) ; Granada: Atalbeitar , 1250 m, 16.5.2014 (leg. J. Smith) ; Malaga: Parauta, 13 km S Ronda , 800 m, 10.8.2004 (leg. S. Risch) ; Cadiz: Puerto Real , 19.4.2012 (leg. J. Smith). FRANCE, Drôme: St. Thomé , 12 km SW Montélimar, 21.5.2000 (leg. J. van der Smissen) ; Vaucluse: Le Beaucet- Venasque , 10 km SE Carpentras, 1.6.2000 (leg. J.van der Smissen) ; Var: Gonfaron, les Ribas , 180 m, 13.5.1997 (leg. Flagothier) ; Hérault : Marseillan, Agde, 7.5.1994 (leg. W. Arens) ; Aude : Carcassonne, Caunes-Minervois, 14.7.2002 (leg. J. Smith) ; Pyrénées-Orientales: 25 km S Prades , 990m, 21.7.2011 (leg. J. Halada) ; Corsica: Zonza , 19.6.1996 (leg. K. Denes) . SWITZERLAND: Valais: Visperterminen, Niederhäusern, 2.8.1997 (leg. W. Arens) . ROMANIA: Orsova, Svinita, 23.5.2002 (leg. J. Halada) ; Cozla, W of Turnu Severin , 26.5.2002 (leg. J. Halada) . UKRAINE: Krya, Jalta , Crimea, 8– 10.7.1985 (leg. K. Denes) ; Stany env., Crimea, 27.5– 2.6.2003 (leg. Andreeva) . ITALY: Liguria: Alassio , 7.7.1996 (leg. J. Tiefenthaler) ; Toscana: Canneto , 25 km SSW Volterra, 13.7.1997 (leg. S. Risch) ; Umbria: Aquasparta, Lo Scoppi, 5.6.1992 (leg. G. Zinnert) ; Lazio: Albano , 1.6.1987 (leg. G.G.M. Schulten) ; Puglia: Mte. Gargano, San Giovanni, 5.7.1994 (leg. A. Müller) ; Sicily: Cammarata , 60 km N Agrigento, 1.6.2002 (leg. J. Halada) . CROATIA: 30 km SE Knin , 450 m, 24.5.2005 (leg. Z. Pedr) ; 20 km W Neum , 25.5.2005 (leg. Z. Pedr) . SERBIA: Bieb Polje , 10 km NE Petrovac, 750 m, 19.6.2008 (leg. P. Banar) . MACEDONIA: Dorjan , 4.6.1973 (leg. M. Kocourek) ; Galicica National Park , 600–1500 m, 26.6.2014 (leg. J. Halada, M. Fabianová). GREECE : Ionian Islands: Corfu, Linia, 10.5.1984 (leg. L. Norén) ; Epirus: Ori Pargas, Sivota, 5.2000 (leg. F. Kantner) ; Thessaly: 40 km NE Larissa, Mt. Ossa, Kokino Nero , 13.5.2005 (leg. M. Kadlecova) ; Western Greece: Olympia, Alfios valley , 4.6.1995 (leg. W. Arens) ; Central Greece: Xerovouni-Geb., SE Pendagi , 1100 m, 8.6.2005 (leg. H. Rausch) ; Peloponnese: Mani, Agios Dimitrios, 20 m, 18.4.2001 (leg. A. Müller) ; Crete: Sougia , 8.4.2002 (leg. A. Müller) ; Aegean Islands: Chios, Diefcha, 16.5.2012 (leg. P. Toutziarakis) ; Ikaria, Glaredo, 28.5.2012 (leg. I. Vavitsas); Karpathos, Olympos, 2.5.2012 (leg. I. Vavitsas); Lesbos, 2 km SSE Agiasos , 600m, 21.6.2004 (leg. A. Kyriakopoulos) ; Naxos, Moutsouna, 20.5.2012 (leg. I. Vavitsas); Rhodos, Stegna, 20 m, 4.5.2005 (leg. A. Müller); Samothrace, Alonia, 30.5.2012 (M. de Courcy); Thasos, Melissourgos, 23.5.2012 (M. de Courcy). BULGARIA: Nessebar , 3.6.1982 (leg. M. Kocourek) ; Rodopi, Hrabrino, 5.7.1997 (leg. Z. Pedr); Trakia, Proslav, 10.7.1997 (leg. Z. Pedr); Harmandli , 200 m, 14.6.2008 (leg. M. Halada). TURKEY: Canakkale : Canakkale, 9.6.1991 (leg. M. Kocourek) ; Aydin: between Cayir and Ödemis , 705 m, 28.5.2006 (leg. E. Scheuchl) ; Kütahya: Porsuk Baraji , 30 km N Kütahya, 22.5.1998 (leg. M. Halada) ; Isparta: Dere mahallesi, 1150 m, 24.5.2004 (leg. H. Özbek) ; Antalya: 60 km E Antalya, Side-Kumköy , 4– 17.4.2004 (leg. M. Herrmann) ; Kastamonu: between Toysa and Iskilip , 1170 m, 19.6.2006 (leg. E. Scheuchl) ; Ankara: between Kizlicahamam and Gerede , 1000 m, 17.6.2006 (leg. E. Scheuchl) ; Konya: 10 km W Aksehir , 25.6.1998 (leg. J. Halada) ; Mersin: Aslanli , 30 km N Erdemli, 17.6.1998 (leg. M. Halada) ; Nevsehir: Ürgüp , 30 km E Nevsehir, 1400 m, 30.5.2001 (leg. K. Denes) ; Hatay: Samandagi , 20.5.1995 (leg. K. Denes) ; Adiyaman: Kuyucak env., 10.6.2001 (leg. M. Snizek) ; Sanliurfa: 80 km E Birecik , 2.5.1995 (leg. K. Denes) ; Artvin: Yusufeli Darica , 895 m, 16.6.2010 (leg. H. Özbek) ; Erzurum: Camlibel, Oltu, 1600 m, 26.6.2000 (leg. H. Özbek) ; Bitlis: Tatvan , 30.6.1993 (leg. K. Denes) . CYPRUS: Paphos, Kato Paphos , 16.5.2009 (leg. D. Dauber) ; Karpaz Peninsula , 29.4.2011 (leg. C. Sedivy, A. Müller) . GEORGIA: Ghvevi , 30 km W Tbilisi, 13.6.2015 (leg. M. Snizek) . IRAN: Mazandaran: 10 km N Gashar , 2300–2700 m, 7.6.2014 (leg. J. Halada) ; Gilan: 5 km E Rudbar , 400 m, 8.6.2014 (leg. J. Halada) . SYRIA: Jisr ash Shughur , 26.5.1996 (leg. M. Halada) ; 50 km W Homs, 12.5.2002 (leg. M. Halada) ; Daraa, Wadi Al Marir , 20.5.1995 (leg. V. Nemec) . ISRAEL AND PALESTINE: Northern District: Golan , 2 km W Mas'ada, 900 m, 5.5.2010 (leg. C. Sedivy, C. Praz) ; Haifa District: 10 km S Haifa, Har Karmel / Bet Oren , 14.5.1996 (leg. O. Niehuis) ; Central District: Beit Hanan , 26.4.2009 (leg. A. Dorchin) ; Tel Aviv District : Tel Aviv, Botanical Garden , 5.4.2013 (leg. J.S. Ascher) ; Jerusalem District: Judean foothills, Ya'ar Yish'I, 26.4.2011 (leg. T. Koznichki) ; Southern District: Judean Foothills, Beit Nir, 28.3.2010 (leg. G. Pisanty) . JORDAN: Aljun , 5.5.1995 (leg. K. Denes) ; Jordan Valey, Dayr Alla, 27.4.1996 (leg. M. Halada) ; Saham , Irbid reg., 300 m, 19.4.2003 (leg. I. Plijushtch) ; Pella , 29.4.2007 (leg. K. Denes) .

Distribution. From the Maghreb ( Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia) over the Iberian Peninsula ( Portugal, Spain, Andorra) and southern France (including Corsica) to southern Switzerland; from southernmost Slovakia and Hungary over Romania and southernmost Ukraine to southern European Russia; from Italy (including Sicily), Slovenia and the Balkan Peninsula ( Croatia, Serbia, Macedonia, Albania, Greece including Crete, Bulgaria) over Turkey and Cyprus to the Caucasus ( Georgia) and northern Iran; from Turkey southwards to the Levant ( Syria, Israel and Palestine, Jordan). The westernmost record is from Agadir in western Morocco, the northernmost from Kováčov near Štúrovo in southernmost Slovakia, the southernmost from Beit Nir in Central Israel and the easternmost from near Chalus in Iranian Mazandaran province.

Pollen hosts. Oligolectic on Asteraceae (based on 50 pollen loads from 42 different localities in Cyprus, France, Greece, Israel and Palestine, Italy, Jordan, Morocco, Romania, Syria and Turkey and on field observations). Among the Asteraceae , O. scutellaris only exploits species of Asteroideae and Cichorioideae with a preference for the latter subfamily: 35 pollen loads were pure loads of Cichorioideae pollen and eight were pure loads of Asteroideae pollen, while seven were mixed loads consisting of the pollen of both subfamilies. On the Asteroideae , the females take up pollen from the surface of the capitulum directly into their scopa by rapidly moving the metasoma up and down (“abdominal drumming” sensu Cane 2017). Flower records: Anthemis chia , Chrysanthemum coronarium , Crepis aculeata , Inula spec., Pallenis spinosa , Picris spec., Sonchus asper , Thrincia spec., Urospermum picroides (label records).

Nesting biology. The nests are built in burrows in the pith of dead plant stems excavated by other aculeates (e.g. Ceratina ) or in dead hollow stems (Friese 1893; Graeffe 1902; Benoist 1931; A. Gogala personal communication). The most important nesting sites are dead tendrils of Rubus. The material to construct cell partitions and nest plugs is still unknown, but is probably leaf pulp as in closely related species such as O. ligurica .