Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810

Çiçek, Erdoğan, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald & Seçer, Burak, 2023, Freshwater lampreys and fishes of Türkiye; an annotated checklist, 2023, Turkish Journal of Zoology 47 (6), pp. 324-468 : 436-444

Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810 [N] ― Big-scale sand smelt/ Gümüș balığı

Taxonomy. Original description: Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810: 338 , pl. 10, fig. 38 [Dept. du Var, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea; lectotype: MNHN A-4342 (70.6 mm SL); lectotype selected by Kottelat and Freyhof (2009: 83)]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Risso (1810: 338, pl. 10, fig. 38).

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Bilecenoğlu et al. (2002, 2014); Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: All coasts of Anatolian brackish waters, translocated to many reservoirs in Anatolia. ― Distribution in river basins: 1-Meriç-Ergene, 2-Marmara, 3-Susurluk, 4-Kuzey Ege, 5-Gediz, 6-Küçük Menderes, 7-Büyük Menderes, 8-Batı Akdeniz, 9- Antalya, 10- Burdur, 11-Akarçay, 16- Konya, 17-Doğu Akdeniz, 18-Seyhan, 19-Asi, 20-Ceyhan, 21-Fırat-Dicle, 24-Aras. ― General distribution: Southern North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; Sea of Azov; eastern Atlantic: English Channel south to Mauritania, including Madeira and Canary Islands. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 418-Dniester - Lower Danube, 423-Thrace, 429-Western Anatolia, 430-Northern Anatolia, 431-Central Anatolia, 432-Southern Anatolia, 434-Kura - South Caspian Drainages, 437-Orontes, 442-Upper Tigris and Euphrates. ― Habitat: This species lives in the lower parts of rivers, estuaries, coastal lakes, and the sea. Freshwater populations prefer still or slow-flowing waters. Freshwater, brackish.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: No major threats known. ― Low sensitivity to human activities. ― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― Low priority for conservation action. Atherina caspia Eichwald, 1831 [N] ― Caspian silverside/Gümüș balığı

Taxonomy. Original description: Atherina presbyter var. caspia Eichwald, 1831: 72 [Caspian Sea. No types known]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: None.

Status in Türkiye. First report from Türkiye by Yoğurtçuoğlu et al. (2020b). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Brackish waters of Blacksea. ― Distribution in river basins: 13-Batı Karadeniz ― General distribution: Eurasia: Caspian Sea basin. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 430-Northern Anatolia, 433-Western Transcaucasia. ― Habitat: This species inhabits the lower parts of rivers, estuaries, coastal lakes, and the sea. Freshwater, brackish.

Economic importance. Locally consumed but of no commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NE (2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― Low sensitivity to human activities. ― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― Low priority for conservation action.

Remarks. This species was reported from Türkiye by Yoğurtçuoğlu et al. (2020b) and is probably a misidentification. Need to clarify.

Atherina hepsetus Linnaeus, 1758 => not occurring in freshwater (see Çiçek et al., 2020)

Atherina pontica Eichwald, 1831 => not occurring in freshwater (see Çiçek et al., 2020)

Cyprinodontiformes

Cyprinodontoidei

Poeciliidae Bonaparte, 1831 (poeciliids)

Poeciliinae Bonaparte, 1831 (livebearers)

Gambusia affinis Baird & Girard, 1853 => not occurring in Türkiye (see Çiçek et al., 2020)

Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859 [I] ― Eastern mosquitofish/Sivrisinek balığı

Taxonomy. Original description: Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859: 390 [Palatka, eastern Florida, (Palatka, eastern Florida and Charleston, South Carolina), USA; lectotype: ANSP 6976; lectotype selected by Huber (2019: 64)]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: Rauchenberger (1989: 3). ― Illustration: McEachran and Fechhelm (1998: 924, fig.).

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020, 2022a). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Introduced and widespread in Anatolia to provide biological control of mosquitoes. ― Distribution in river basins: 1-Meriç-Ergene, 2-Marmara, 3-Susurluk, 4-Kuzey Ege, 5-Gediz, 6-Küçük Menderes, 7-Büyük Menderes, 8-Batı Akdeniz, 9- Antalya, 10- Burdur, 11-Akarçay, 12- Sakarya, 13-Batı Karadeniz, 14-Yeşilırmak, 15-Kızılırmak, 16- Konya, 17-Doğu Akdeniz, 18-Seyhan, 19-Asi, 20-Ceyhan, 21-Fırat-Dicle, 22-Doğu Karadeniz, 23-Çoruh, 24-Aras, 25- Van Lake. ― General distribution: North America: Atlantic and Gulf Coast drainages, eastern USA; widely introduced elsewhere for mosquito control. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 418-Dniester - Lower Danube, 423-Thrace, 429-Western Anatolia, 430-Northern Anatolia, 431-Central Anatolia, 432-Southern Anatolia, 433-Western Transcaucasia, 434-Kura - South Caspian Drainages, 437-Orontes, 441-Lower Tigris and Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris and Euphrates, 444-Lake Van, 445-Orumiyeh. ― Habitat: This species often occurs in shallow, often stagnant ponds and the shallow edges of lakes and streams where predatory fish are largely absent and temperatures are high. Freshwater, brackish.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Reasons of introduction. Biocontrol: to prevent eutrophication, aquatic plants, and pest control.

Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).

Remarks: This species was erroneously misidentified as Gambusia affinis in many previous studies.

Lebistes reticulata => Poecilia reticulata

Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859 [I] ― Guppy/Lepistes Taxonomy. Original description: Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859: 412 [Guayre River, Caracas, Venezuela; syntypes: BMNH 1866.6 .6.3 (ex ZMB) (1); ZMB 3468 (9), 3469 (8, lost)]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: None .

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye by Türkmen (2019), Kirankaya and Ekmekçi (2021). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Çiçek et al. (2022a). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Introduced to İzmir and Malatya. ― Distribution in river basins: 5-Gediz, 21-Fırat-Dicle. ― General distribution: Northern South America: coastal drainages between the Orinoco delta ( Venezuela) and the Essequibo River delta, Guyana, Venezuelan Islands, the Netherlands Antilles, and Trinidad and Tabago; widely introduced elsewhere. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 429-Western Anatolia, 442-Upper Tigris and Euphrates. ― Habitat: This species occurs in a broad range of freshwater habitats, from small, fragmented headwater streams to deep lowland pools, and exhibits a marked degree of population differentiation in morphology, life history characteristics, and behaviour subject to environmental variables. Freshwater, brackish.

Economic importance. Valuable for the aquarium trade.

Reasons of introduction. Ornamental fish industry.

Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).

Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel, 1848 [I] ― Green swardtail/ Kılıç kuyruk

Taxonomy. Original description: Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel, 1848: 291 , Pl. 8 (figs. 1-3) [Orizaba, Mexico (Atlantic); syntypes: NMW 60543 (8)]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Heckel (1848: 291, Pl. 8, figs. 1-3).

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Çiçek et al. (2022a). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Introduced to Malatya Province ― Distribution in river basins: 21-Fırat-Dicle. ― General distribution: Atlantic slope of Central America: Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico; introduced widely elsewhere. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 442-Upper Tigris and Euphrates. ― Habitat: This species inhabits diverse habitats, including ponds, springs, shaded and sometimes very rocky arroyos, ditches, open lagoons, and rivers with a variety of substrates; the water is clear to murky, muddy, or opaque, sometimes badly polluted. Freshwater, brackish.

Economic importance. Valuable for the aquarium trade.

Reasons of introduction. Ornamental fish industry.

Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).

Aphaniidae Hoedeman, 1949 (Oriental killifishes) Anatolichthys anatoliae ( Leidenfrost 1912) [E] ― Anatolian giant killifish/Dișli sazancık

Taxonomy. Original description: Cyprinodon anatoliae Leidenfrost 1912: 159 , fig. 1, p. 130 [Near the village Jazla Jayla, near the Kradzsa Da mountain, Asia Minor; no types known]. ― Synonyms: Aphanius anatoliae ( Leidenfrost 1912) ; Lebias anatoliae ( Leidenfrost 1912) ; Cyprinodon lykaoniensis Leidenfrost 1912 ; Aphanius chantrei venustus Kosswig & Sözer, 1945 ; Aphanius chantrei aksaranus Akşiray, 1948 ; Aphanius chantrei flavianalis Akşiray, 1948 ; Aphanius chantrei obrukensis Akşiray, 1948 ; Aphanius obrukensis Akşiray, 1948 . ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Leidenfrost (1912: 159, fig. 1, p. 130).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Leidenfrost (1912). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007) as Aphanius anatolias ; Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Konya endorheic basin. ― Distribution in river basins: 11-Akarçay, 12- Sakarya, 16- Konya. ― Distribution in river basins: 16- Konya. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: central Anatolia ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 431-Central Anatolia. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 430-Northern Anatolia, 431-Central Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species lives in clear, well-oxygenated, springs, running freshwaters, and pools. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: NT. ― IUCN: NT (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, COM, HAB. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― High priority for conservation action.

Anatolichthys chantrei ( Gaillard, 1895) [E] ― Sultan killifish/Dișli sazancık

Taxonomy. Original description: Cyprinodon chantrei Gaillard, 1895: 10 , figs. 8-9 [Spring in Sandarémek village, Evérek, Asia Minor. syntypes: BMNH 1896.1.29.1-5 (5)]. ― Synonyms: Aphanius chantrei ( Gaillard, 1895) ; Lebias chantrei ( Gaillard, 1895) . ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: None.

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Gaillard (1895). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Geldiay and Balık (2007) as Aphanius chantrei ; Kuru et al. (2014) as Aphanius chantrei . ― Turkish material: BMNH.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Sultan Marsh endorheic basin. ― Distribution in river basins: 15-Kızılırmak.― General distribution: Asia Minor: central Anatolia ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 430-Northern Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species lives in spring-fed streams with clear waters and dense vegetation, but it is also found in turbid field canals. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: CR. ― IUCN: CR (IUCN, 2023 as Anatolichthys danfordii ). ― Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, HAB. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― High priority for conservation action.

Remarks. Nomenclaturally speaking, a taxon is ICZN-associated with a type species and a type locality. Anatolichthys danfordii was never observed or collected live since its description; therefore, its population status is unknown. Attempts to recollect A. danfordii from the type locality given in Boulenger (1890), “Albistan” (= present Elbistan-Kahramanmaraş), have been unsuccessful by Akşiray (1948), Wildekamp & Valkenburg (1994), and Wildekamp et al. (1999), who visited Elbistan and its vicinity, but only specimens of A. mento were found. Based on the morphological similarities between the types of A. danfordii and A. chantrei , the latter was treated as a junior synonym by Wildekamp et al. (1999). However, using synonymy in a simple sentence as the similarity of type specimens without any discussion and comparison is not correct. Therefore, a conclusion should be reached after a morphometric, meristic, and molecular comparison between the specimens collected from the type locality of A. danfordii and the specimens collected from Sultan Marsh. Until such a study is carried out, A. chanteri should be recognised as a valid species.

Anatolichthys danfordii ( Boulenger, 1890) [E] ― Danford’s killifish/Dișli sazancık

Taxonomy. Original description: Cyprinodon danfordii Boulenger, 1890: 169 [Albistan (= Elbistan-Kahramanmaraş), Asia Minor: lectotype: BMNH 1879.6.7.5. Lectotype selected by Wildekamp et al. (1999) from Sultan Marsh]. ― Synonyms: Aphanius danfordii ( Boulenger, 1890) ; Lebias danfordi ( Boulenger, 1890) . ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: None.

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Boulenger (1890). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: BMNH.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Elbistan, upper Ceyhan River basin. ― Distribution in river basins: 20-Ceyhan. ― General distribution: Upper Ceyhan River. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 432-Southern Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species lives in spring-fed streams with clear waters and dense vegetation. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: CR (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, HAB. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― High priority for conservation action.

Remarks. This species was originally described from the type locality given in Boulenger (1890), “Albistan” (= present Elbistan-Kahramanmaraş) from Ceyhan River Basin. Then lectotype (BMNH 1879.6.7.5.) was selected by Wildekamp et al. (1999) from Sultan Marsh (Kızılırmak River Basin) which is the type locality of A. chantrei . Ceyhan and Kızılırmak basins are not even neighbouring basins. Therefore, the appropriateness of determining a lectotype from an ichthyogeographically unsuitable region is questionable since it was not encountered in the type locality. In addition, Sultan Sazlığı is a closed basin and all naturally distributed species ( P. elizaveta , C. jörgbohleni , O. ciceki , S. ahmeti , and A. chantrei ) are endemic to the basin. Furthermore, if the type specimen of A. danfordii was in good enough condition to be compared with the type specimen of A. chantrei , why was the lectotype designated by Wildekamp? Therefore, the lectotype designed by Wildekamp should be withdrawn.

Anatolichthys fontinalis (Akşiray, 1948) [E] ― Burdur killifish/Dișli sazancık

Taxonomy. Original description: Aphanius chantrei fontinalis Akşiray, 1948: 128 , Pl. 3 (figs. 28-32) [Spring near Lake Yarışlı (37°34′N, 29°53′E), southwest of Lake Burdur, Türkiye; no types known]. ― Synonyms: Aphanius chantrei altus Akşiray, 1948 ; Aphanius chantrei litoralis Akşiray, 1948 . ― Revisions: None.― Illustration: Akşiray (1948: 128, Pl. 3 (figs. 28-32)).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Akşiray (1948). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Lake Yarışlı basin. ― Distribution in river basins: 10- Burdur. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Lake Burdur tributary, Burdur Province ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 431-Central Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species lives in spring-fed streams with clear waters and dense vegetation. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NE (2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― High priority for conservation action.

Remarks. Anatolichthys fontinalis is cooccurring with A. sureyanus . Recent molecular findings suggest their possible synonymisation because of low level differences (K2P 0.57%) (Kuyumcu, 2021); therefore, it is probable that A. fontinalis is a synonym of Anatolichthys sureyanus ( Neu, 1937) .

Anatolichthys iconii (Akşiray, 1948) [E] ― Konya killifish/Dișli sazancık

Taxonomy. Original description: Aphanius burduricus iconii Akşiray, 1948: 134 , Pl. 4 (figs. 43-46) [Spring Karaot at shore of Lake Eğirdir, about 4 km north of Yenice, Isparta Province, Türkiye, 38°08.094′N, 30°54.443′E; neotype: IUSHM 2017-1272]. ― Synonyms: Aphanius iconii Akşiray, 1948 . ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Akşiray (1948: 134, Pl. 4, figs. 43-46).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Akşiray (1948). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Pfleiderer et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: IUSHM.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Lake Tuz basin. ― Distribution in river basins: 16- Konya. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Lake Eğirdir and Lake Kovada tributaries, Isparta Province ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 431-Central Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species lives in spring-fed streams with clear waters and dense vegetation, but it is also found in turbid field canals. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NE (2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― High sensitivity to human activities.― Keystone species.― Decline status: Unknown. ― High priority for conservation action.

Anatolichthys irregularis ( Yogurtcuoglu & Freyhof, 2018) [E] ― Killifish/Dișli sazancık

Taxonomy. Original description: Aphanius irregularis Yogurtcuoglu & Freyhof, 2018: 321 , figs. 1-4 [Spring Kaklık, Denizli Province, Türkiye, 37°51.36′N, 29°23.11′E; holotype: FFR 08653]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Yogurtcuoglu and Freyhof (2018: 321, figs. 1-4).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Yogurtcuoglu & Freyhof (2018). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Çiçek et al. (2018a, 2020). ― Turkish material: FFR.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: The spring Kaklik in the Büyük Menderes River drainage. ― Distribution in river basins: 7-Büyük Menderes. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Büyük Menderes River drainage, Aegean Sea tributary, Denizli Province ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 429-Western Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species lives in spring-fed streams with clear waters and dense vegetation, but it is also found in turbid field canals. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NE (2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― Moderate sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Remarks. Anatolichthys irregularis is cooccurring with A. maeandricus . Recent molecular findings suggest their possible synonymisation because of low level differences (K2P 0.57%); therefore, it is probable that A. irregularis is a synonym of Anatolichthys maeandricus (Akşiray, 1948) .

Anatolichthys maeandricus (Akşiray, 1948) [E] ― Maeander killifish/Dișli sazancık

Taxonomy. Original description: Aphanius chantrei maeandricus Akşiray, 1948: 125 , Pl. 3 (figs. 35-37); figs. 20-21 [Springs of the Büyük Menderes River, near Isikli (38°19′N, 29°50′E) and Karakuyu (38°11′N, 29°55′E), Dinar, Türkiye. No types known]. ― Synonyms: Aphanius maeandricus Akşiray, 1948 . ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Akşiray (1948: 125, Pl. 3 (figs. 35-37); figs. 20-21).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Akşiray (1948). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Büyük Menderes River basin. ― Distribution in river basins: 7-Büyük Menderes. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Büyük Menderes River basin, Aegean Sea tributary, Denizli Province ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 429-Western Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species lives in spring-fed streams with clear waters and dense vegetation, but it is also found in turbid field canals. Freshwater, brackish.

Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NE (2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― Moderate sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species.― Decline status: Unknown. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Anatolichthys marassantensis ( Pfleiderer, Geiger & Herder, 2014) [E] ― Kızılırmak killifish/none Taxonomy. Original description: Aphanius marassantensis Pfleiderer, Geiger & Herder, 2014: 571 , figs. 2-4, 5F, 6G [Ankara Province, Hirfanı Reservoir, 39°11′19″N, 33°34′45′E, Türkiye; holotype: ZFMK 66342 (ex FSJF 3455)]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Pfleiderer et al. (2014: 571, figs. 2-4, 5F, 6G).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Pfleiderer et al. (2014). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: ZFMK.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Kızılırmak River basin. ― Distribution in river basins: 15-Kızılırmak. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Kızılırmak and Yeşilırmak River basins. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 430-Northern Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species lives in spring-fed streams with clear waters and dense vegetation, but it is also found in turbid field canals. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NE (2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― Moderate sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species.― Decline status: Unknown. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Anatolichthys meridionalis (Akşiray, 1948) [N] ― Killifish/Disli sazancık

Taxonomy. Original description: Aphanius chantrei meridionalis Akşiray, 1948: 131 , Pl. 4 (figs. 47-48) (Lake Sögüt (37°04′N, 29°53′E) at border between Burdur District and Antalya District, Türkiye; no types known].― Synonyms: Aphanius meridionalis Akşiray, 1948 ; Aphanius chantrei parvus Akşiray, 1948 . ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Akşiray (1948: 131, Pl. 4 (figs. 47-48)).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Akşiray (1948). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Çiçek et al. (2018a, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Lake Sögüt, Burdur and Antalya. ― Distribution in river basins: 10- Burdur. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Lake Söğüt, Burdur and Antalya provinces ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 432-Southern Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species lives in spring-fed streams with clear waters and dense vegetation, but it is also found in turbid field canals. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NE (2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― Moderate sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species.― Decline status: Unknown. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Anatolichthys saldae (Akşiray, 1955) [E] ― Salda killifish/Dișli sazancık

Taxonomy. Original description: Anatolichthys splendens saldae Akşiray, 1955: 58 , Pl. 1 (figs. 1-2); figs 1-2 [Lake Salda near Yesilova (37°31′N, 29°39′E), Burdur District, Türkiye; holotype: male (Männchen, not researched)]. ― Synonyms: Aphanius saldae (Akşiray, 1955) . ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Akşiray (1955: 58, Pl. 1 (figs. 1-2); figs 1-2).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Akşiray (1948). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Salda Lake basin. ― Distribution in river basins: 10- Burdur. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Lake Salda, Burdur Province ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 431-Central Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species lives in spring-fed streams with clear waters and dense vegetation, but it is also found in lakes. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NE (2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― High priority for conservation action.

Remarks. Anatolichthys saldae is cooccurring with A. sureyanus . Recent molecular findings suggest their possible synonymisation because of low level differences (K2P 0.31%) (Kuyumcu, 2021); therefore, it is probable that A. saldae is a synonym of Anatolichthys sureyanus ( Neu, 1937) .

Anatolichthys splendens Kosswig & Sözer, 1945 [E] ― Splendid killifish/none

Taxonomy. Original description: Anatolichthys splendens Kosswig & Sözer, 1945: 77 , fig. 2 [Lake Gölçük, west of Isparta (37°44′N, 30°30′E), central Anatolia, Türkiye; lectotype: ZMH 3505]. ― Synonyms: Aphanius splendens ( Kosswig & Sözer, 1945) ; Kosswigichthys splendens ( Kosswig & Sözer, 1945) ; Lebias splendens ( Kosswig & Sözer, 1945) . ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Kosswig and Sözer (1945: 77, fig. 2).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Kosswig and Sözer (1945). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: ZMH.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Lake Gölcük. ― Distribution in river basins: 9- Antalya. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Lake Gölçük, Isparta Province. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 432-Southern Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species is a lacustrine species that inhabits one mountain lake. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: EX. ― IUCN: EX (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: COM. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unspecified. ― High priority for conservation action.

Anatolichthys sureyanus ( Neu, 1937) [E] ― Sureyan killifish/Dișli sazancık

Taxonomy. Original description: Cyprinodon sureyanus Neu, 1937: 109 (1) [Lake Burdur (37°45′N, 30°15′E), southwestern Türkiye; no types known. On p. 1 of separate]. ― Synonyms: Aphanius sureyanus ( Neu, 1937) ; Lebias sureyanus ( Neu, 1937) ; Anatolichthys burdurensis Ermin, 1946 ; Kosswigichthys burdurensis ( Ermin, 1946) ; Aphanius burduricus Akşiray, 1948 . ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: None.

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Neu (1937). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Burdur Lake basin. ― Distribution in river basins: 10- Burdur. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Lake Burdur, Burdur Province ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 431-Central Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species lives in the littoral zone of a saline lake. Lake Burdur also has spring-fed streams with clear waters and dense vegetation. Freshwater, brackish.

Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: EN. ― IUCN: EN (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: ABS, CLI, EUT, HAB. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― High priority for conservation action.

Anatolichthys transgrediens ( Ermin, 1946) [E] ― Acipinar killifish/Dișli sazancık

Taxonomy. Original description: Turkichthys transgrediens Ermin, 1946: 244 , figs. 38-45 [Stream, fed by the Acipinar spring at the west end of Lake Aci, Denizli District (37°49′N, 29°43′E), Türkiye; no types known]. ― Synonyms: Aphanius transgrediens ( Ermin, 1946) ; Kosswigichthys transgrediens ( Ermin, 1946) ; Lebias transgrediens ( Ermin, 1946) . ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Ermin (1946: 244, figs. 38-45).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Ermin (1946). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Acigöl Lake, Burdur. ― Distribution in river basins: 10- Burdur. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Acιgöl tributary, Denizli Province ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 431-Central Anatolia. ― Habitat: This fish inhabits a very small spring field and short spring feed streams. This species also inhabited Lake Acı before it dried out. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: CR. ― IUCN: CR (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB. ― Moderate sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Anatolichthys villwocki ( Hrbek & Wildekamp, 2003) [E] ― Villwock’s killifish/Dișli sazancık

Taxonomy. Original description: Aphanius villwocki Hrbek & Wildekamp, 2003: 138 , figs. 1-2 [Pinarbasi, about 10.5 kilometers east of Emirdag, drainage canal of small spring pond, 39°02′53″N, 31°19′38″E, Türkiye; holotype: MRAC A1-30-P-1]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Hrbek and Wildekamp (2003: 138, figs. 1-2).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Hrbek and Wildekamp (2003). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: MRAC.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Sakarya River and Konya basins. ― Distribution in river basins: 12- Sakarya, 16- Konya. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Akgöl tributary, Afyonkarahisar and Konya provinces ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 430-Northern Anatolia, 431-Central Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species inhabits lakes, springs, and slowly flowing streams with dense vegetation. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: LC. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, HAB. ― Moderate sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Aphanius aksaranus => Anatolichthys anatoliae Aphanius alexandri => Paraphanius alexandri

Aphanius almiriensis Kottelat, Barbieri & Stoumboudi, 2007 [N] ― Killifish/Dișli sazancık

Taxonomy. Original description: Aphanius almiriensis Kottelat, Barbieri & Stoumboudi, 2007: 15 , figs. 1-2 [Brackish water spring Kokosi at southern end of Almiri beach, at Kato Almiri, about 4 kilometers south of Loutra Elenis, 37°50′32″N, 23°00′58″E, Korinthia District, Peloponnese, Greece; holotype: MHNG 2654.087 ]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Barbieri and Stoumboudi (2007: 15, figs. 1-2) .

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Valdesalici et al. (2019); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Sea of Marmara and Aegean watersheds. ― Distribution in river basins: 1-Meriç-Ergene, 2-Marmara, 3-Susurluk, 4-Kuzey Ege, 5-Gediz, 6-Küçük Menderes, 7-Büyük Menderes. ― General distribution: Southern Europe: Calabria ( Italy), Greece, western Türkiye. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 423-Thrace, 429-Western Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species inhabits fresh and brackish water springs (up to 23‰ salinity). Freshwater, brackish.

Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: CR (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: TOU. ― Moderate sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Aphanius altus => Anatolichthys danfordii

Aphanius anatoliae => Anatolichthys anatoliae Aphanius asquamatus => Kosswigichthys asquamatus Aphanius boulengeri => Paraphanius boulengeri Aphanius burduricus => Anatolichthys sureyanus Aphanius chantrei => Anatolichthys danfordii

Aphanius cypris => Paraphanius mento

Aphanius danfordii => Anatolichthys danfordii

Aphanius fasciatus (Valenciennes, 1821) [N] ― Mediterranean banded killifish/Disli sazancık Taxonomy. Original description: Lebias fasciata Valenciennes in Humboldt & Valenciennes, 1821: 160, Pl. 51 (fig. 4) [Salt works of Cagliari, Sardinia. neotype: MNHN 2005-1975]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Humboldt & Valenciennes (1821: 160, Pl. 51, fig. 4).

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Bilecenoğlu et al. (2002, 2014); Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020).) ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Mediterranean Sea watersheds. ― Distribution in river basins: 8-Batı Akdeniz, 9- Antalya, 17-Doğu Akdeniz, 18-Seyhan, 19-Asi, 20-Ceyhan. ― General distribution: Mediterranean Sea basin endemic. Introduced elsewhere. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 430-Northern Anatolia, 432-Southern Anatolia, 437-Orontes. ― Habitat: This species inhabits brackish and salty waters, mainly lagoons. Freshwater, brackish, marine.

Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: CLI, HAB. ― Moderate sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Stable. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Aphanius flavianalis => Anatolichthys anatoliae Aphanius iconii => Anatolichthys iconii

Aphanius irregularis => Anatolichthys irregularis Aphanius litoralis => Anatolichthys danfordii

Aphanius maeandricus => Anatolichthys maeandricus Aphanius marassantensis => Anatolichthys marassantensis

Aphanius mento => Paraphanius mento

Aphanius mentoides => Paraphanius mentoides Aphanius meridionalis => Anatolichthys meridionalis Aphanius obrukensis => Anatolichthys anatoliae Aphanius orontis => Paraphanius orontis

Aphanius parvus => Anatolichthys meridionalis Aphanius saldae => Anatolichthys saldae

Aphanius similis => Paraphanius similis

Aphanius splendens => Anatolichthys splendens Aphanius sureyanus => Anatolichthys sureyanus Aphanius transgrediens => Anatolichthys transgrediens Aphanius venustus => Anatolichthys anatoliae

Aphanius villwocki => Anatolichthys villwocki Cyprinodon anatoliae => Anatolichthys anatoliae Cyprinodon chantrei => Anatolichthys danfordii Cyprinodon cypris => Paraphanius mento

Cyprinodon danfordii => Anatolichthys danfordii Cyprinodon fasciatus => Aphanius fasciatus

Cyprinodon lykaoniensis => Anatolichthys anatoliae Cyprinodon sureyanus => Anatolichthys sureyanus Kossiwigichthys burdurensis => Anatolichthys sureyanus Kosswigichthys asquamatus Sözer, 1942 [E] ― Hazar Lake killifish/Dișli sazancık

Taxonomy. Original description: Kosswigichthys asquamatus Sözer, 1942: 308 , fig. 2 [Lake Hazer, Elazig District (38°30′N, 39°25′E), Anatolia, Türkiye; syntypes: (20) MSNG 36472 (3)]. ― Synonyms: Aphanius asquamatus ( Sözer, 1942) ; Lebias asquamatus ( Sözer, 1942) . ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Sözer (1942: 308, fig. 2).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Süzer (1942). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: MSNG.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Lake Hazer. ― Distribution in river basins: 21-Fırat-Dicle. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Lake Hazer endemic, eastern Anatolia, Türkiye. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 442-Upper Tigris and Euphrates. ― Habitat: This species is a pelagic species that comes to shores in the spring and early summer to spawn. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: LC. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: CLI, HAB. ― Moderate sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Kosswigichthys splendens => Anatolichthys splendens Kosswigichthys transgrediens => Anatolichthys transgrediens

Lebias anatoliae => Anatolichthys anatoliae

Lebias asquamatus => Kosswigichthys asquamatus

Lebias chantrei => Anatolichthys danfordii

Lebias cypris => Paraphanius mento

Lebias danfordi => Anatolichthys danfordii

Lebias mento => Paraphanius mento

Lebias splendens => Anatolichthys splendens

Lebias sureyanus => Anatolichthys sureyanus

Lebias transgrediens => Anatolichthys transgrediens Paraphanius alexandri (Akşiray, 1948) [E] ― Killifish/Dișli sazancık

Taxonomy. Original description: Aphanius cypris alexandri Akşiray, 1948: 119 [Coastal creek near Iskenderun, Türkiye (36°35′N, 36°10′E); no types known]. ― Synonyms: Aphanius alexandri Akşiray, 1948 . ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: None.

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Akşiray (1948). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Geiger et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Coastal creek near Iskenderun, Ceyhan River basin. ― Distribution in river basins: 20-Ceyhan. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Mediterranean costal region of Ceyhan River basin ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 432-Southern Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of springs, wetlands, lakes, and slow-flowing streams. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance. Has potential to be used as aquarium fish.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NE (2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― Moderate sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.