Squalius berak Heckel, 1843

Çiçek, Erdoğan, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald & Seçer, Burak, 2023, Freshwater lampreys and fishes of Türkiye; an annotated checklist, 2023, Turkish Journal of Zoology 47 (6), pp. 324-468 : 410-413

Squalius berak Heckel, 1843 [N] ― Mesopotamian chub/Tatlı su kefali

Taxonomy. Original description: Squalius berak Heckel, 1843a: 1078 (88) [Aleppo, Syria; syntypes: NMW 48915 (6), SMF 469 (ex NMW) (3)]. ― Synonyms: Squalius orientalis Heckel, 1847 . ― Revisions: Esmaeili et al. (2016: 119). ― Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 10, fig. 1).

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Turan et al. (2013a); Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Euphrates and Tigris River basin. ― Distribution in river basins: 21-Fırat-Dicle. ― General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River basin ( Türkiye, Syria, Iraq and Iran). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 441-Lower Tigris and Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris and Euphrates. ― Habitat: This species inhabits small- to medium-sized streams, mostly in mountains and hilly areas. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Locally consumed but of no commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: There are many threats in the area, but none is serious enough to really impact this species. ― Low sensitivity to human activities. ― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― Low priority for conservation action.

Squalius borysthenicus => Petroleuciscus borysthenicus Squalius cappadocicus Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2011 [E] Cappadocian chub/Tatlı su kefali

Taxonomy. Original description: Squalius cappadocicus Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2011: 119 , figs. 11-13 [Stream Melendiz at Ihlara, 38°14.15′N, 34°18.71′E, Aksaray Province, Türkiye; holotype: IUSHM 2011-1035]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Özuluğ and Freyhof (2011: 119, figs. 11-13).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Özuluğ and Freyhof (2011). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: IUSHM.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Melendiz River in Lake Tuz Basin. ― Distribution in river basins: 16- Konya.― General distribution: Asia Minor: Lake Tuz tributary, Aksaray Province ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 431-Central Anatolia.― Habitat: This species inhabits streams with slow- to moderately fast-flowing waters on sand and gravel bottoms. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Locally consumed but of no commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: CR. ― IUCN: CR (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, HAB. ― Moderate sensitivity to human activities. ― Not considered a keystone species.― Decline status: Decreasing. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Squalius carinus Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2011 [E] ― Chocolate chub/Tatlı su kefali

Taxonomy. Original description: Squalius carinus Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2011: 123 , figs. 14-16 [Spring Işikli, 38°19.29′N, 29°51.07′E, Denizli Province, Türkiye; holotype: IUSHM 2009-947]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Özuluğ and Freyhof (2011: 123, figs. 14-16).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Özuluğ and Freyhof (2011). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: IUSHM.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Isikli Lake watersheds. ― Distribution in river basins: 1-Meriç-Ergene. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Büyük Menderes River system (Aegean Sea tributary), Denizli Province ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 423-Thrace. ― Habitat: This species inhabits streams, springs, and lakes, from which it migrates to streams for spawning. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Locally consumed but of no commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: EN. ― IUCN: EN (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: ABS, CLI, COM, CON, HAB. ― Moderate sensitivity to human activities. ― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― Moderate priority for conservation action. Squalius cephaloides => Squalius cii

Squalius cephalus ( Linnaeus, 1758) [N] ― European chub/Tatlı su kefali

Taxonomy. Original description: Cyprinus cephalus Linnaeus, 1758: 322 [Northern Europe; syntypes: NRM 51 (1), ZMUU Linn. coll. 213 (1)]. ― Synonyms: Leuciscus cephalus ( Linnaeus, 1758) . ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: None.

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Trachea region. ― Distribution in river basins: 1-Meriç-Ergene, 2-Marmara. ― General distribution: Europe and Middle East. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 418-Dniester - Lower Danube, 423-Thrace. ― Habitat: This species is most abundant in small rivers and large streams in barbel zones with riffles and pools. Also along shores of slow-flowing lowland rivers, even in very small mountain streams. Also in large lakes, undertaking spawning migrations to inflowing streams. Spawns in fast-flowing water above gravel bottom, rarely among submerged vegetation. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Locally commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: FIT. ― Low sensitivity to human activities. ― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― Low priority for conservation action.

Squalius cii ( Richardson, 1857) [N] ― Marmara chub/ Tatlı su kefali

Taxonomy. Original description: Leuciscus cii Richardson, 1857: 375 [Gemlek (Gemelik) River, north of Bursa, northwestern Türkiye. lectotype: BMNH 1865.5.2.8- 9 (99.5 mm SL specimen)]. ― Synonyms: Leuciscus cephaloides Battalgil, 1942 ; Squalius cephaloides ( Battalgil, 1942) . ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: None.

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Richardson (1857). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye Stoumboudi et al. (2006); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish material: BMNH.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Susurluk, Kuzey Ege, and Marmara basins. ― Distribution in river basins: 2-Marmara, 3-Susurluk, 4-Kuzey Ege. ― General distribution: Eurasia: southern Marmara Sea basin and (Kara) Menderes River (northwestern Anatolia, Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 423-Thrace, 429-Western Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of streams and rivers and also colonises lakes and reservoirs, from which it migrates to inflowing streams to spawn. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Locally consumed but of no commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, HAB. ― Low sensitivity to human activities. ― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― Low priority for conservation action.

Squalius delineatus => Leucaspius delineatus

Squalius fellowesii ( Günther, 1868) [E] ― Aegean chub/ Tatlı su kefali

Taxonomy. Original description: Leuciscus fellowesii Günther, 1868: 224 , fig. [Xanthos, Türkiye; syntypes: BMNH 1845.7.9.58-59 (2)]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: None .

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Günther (1868). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: BMNH.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Southwestern Anatolia. ― Distribution in river basins: 4-Kuzey Ege, 5-Gediz, 6-Küçük Menderes, 7-Büyük Menderes, 8-Batı Akdeniz, 9- Antalya. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Eşen Çayı (Mediterranean tributary), Antalya Province ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 429-Western Anatolia, 432-Southern Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of streams and rivers, including lakes and reservoirs, from which it migrates to inflowing streams to spawn. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Locally consumed but of no commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: LC. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: ABS, EUT. ― Moderate sensitivity to human activities.― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Squalius irideus ( Ladiges, 1960) [E] ― Anatolian ghizani/ Tatlı su kefali

Taxonomy. Original description: Leucaspius irideus Ladiges, 1960: 138 , fig. 11 [Marmaris Mugla-arasi, Türkiye; holotype: ZMH H1085]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Ladiges (1960: 138, fig. 11).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Ladiges (1960). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2016, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: ZMH.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Mugla, Southwestern Anatolia. ― Distribution in river basins: 5-Gediz, 6-Küçük Menderes, 7-Büyük Menderes, 8-Batı Akdeniz. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Mediterranean Sea tributary, Muğla Province ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 429-Western Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species inhabits springs and small, slow-flowing streams. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Locally consumed but of no commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: NT. ― IUCN: NT (IUCN, 2023 as Ladigesocypris irideus ). ― Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, COM, EUT, HAB. ― Moderate sensitivity to human activities.― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Remarks. Squalius irideus is probably a synonym of Squalius ghigii ( Geiger et al., 2014) . Therefore, these situations should be clarified with detailed comparative studies ( Barbieri et al., 2015).

Squalius kosswigi ( Karaman, 1972) [E] ― Striped chub/ Tatlı su kefali

Taxonomy. Original description: Leuciscus kosswigi Karaman, 1972: 146 , fig. 12 [Gumuldur (Gümüldür), south from İzmir, Türkiye; holotype: ZMH H4555].― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Karaman (1972: 146, fig. 12).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Karaman (1972). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Geldiay and Balık (2007) as Leucalburnus kosswigi ; Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: ZMH.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Tahtalı River drainage. ― Distribution in river basins: 6-Küçük Menderes. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Mediterranean Sea tributary, İzmir Province ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 429-Western Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species inhabits streams and rivers and is believed to also inhabit reservoirs. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Locally consumed but of no commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: EN. ― IUCN: EN (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, COM, HAB. ― Moderate sensitivity to human activities. ― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Squalius kottelati Turan, Yilmaz & Kaya, 2009 [E] ― Cilician pike chub/Tatlı su kefali

Taxonomy. Original description: Squalius kottelati Turan, Yilmaz & Kaya, 2009: 54 , figs. 1, 2b [Tahtaköprü Reservoir, Orontes River drainage, Gaziantep Province, Türkiye; holotype: FFR 1991 ]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Turan et al. (2009: 54, figs. 1, 2b) .

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Turan et al. (2009). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: FFR.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Ceyhan and Orontes River basins. ― Distribution in river basins: 19-Asi, 20-Ceyhan. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Asi Nehri tributary (Orontes) (Mediterranean tributary), Gaziantep Province. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 432-Southern Anatolia, 437-Orontes. ― Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of streams, rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. It is a migratory species. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Locally consumed but of no commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: NT. ― IUCN: NT (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB. ― Moderate sensitivity to human activities. ― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― Moderate priority for conservation action. Squalius kurui => Alburnus kurui

Squalius lepidus Heckel, 1843 [N] ― Mesopotamian pike chub/Akbalık

Taxonomy. Original description: Squalius lepidus Heckel, 1843a: 21 (24), pl. 9 [Tigris River, Mosul, Iraq; lectotype: NMW 49342 (spec. 1); lectotype selected by Bogutskaya (1994: 603)]. ― Synonyms: Leuciscus lepidus (Heckel, 1843) . ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Heckel (1843b: pl. 10, fig. 2).

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Euphrates and Tigris River basins. ― Distribution in river basins: 19-Asi, 21-Fırat-Dicle. ― General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Asi Nehri (Orontes), Quwayq, Euphrates and Tigris River basins ( Türkiye, Syria, Iraq. and Iran). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 437-Orontes, 441-Lower Tigris and Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris and Euphrates. ― Habitat: This species lives in large- to medium-sized rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Locally consumed but of no commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: There are many threats in the area, but none seem to be serious enough to strongly impact this species. ― Low sensitivity to human activities. ― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Stable. ― Low priority for conservation action.

Squalius orientalis ( Nordmann, 1840) [N] ― Dace/ Tatlı su kefali Taxonomy. Original description: Leuciscus orientalis Nordmann, 1840: 484 [Abkhazia [Abasie), Georgia (Asia); no types known]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: None.

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Geldiay and Balık (2007); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Choruck River basin. ― Distribution in river basins: 23-Çoruh. ― General distribution: Eurasia: Caspian Sea region. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 433-Western Transcaucasia. ― Habitat: This species lives in large- to medium-sized rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Locally consumed but of no commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NE (2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― Low sensitivity to human activities. ― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― Low priority for conservation action.

Squalius orpheus Kottelat & Economidis, 2006 [N] ― Orpheus dace/Tatlı su kefali

Taxonomy. Original description: Squalius orpheus Kottelat & Economidis, 2006: 182 , fig. 1 [Evros drainage, stream Ardas at ford between Kastanies and Marasia, 41°39′05″N, 26°28′23″E, Thrace, Greece; holotype: MHNG 2659.021]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Kottelat and Economidis (2006: 182, fig. 1).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Kottelat and Economidis (2006). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Trachea region. ― Distribution in river basins: 1-Meriç-Ergene, 2-Marmara. ― Distribution in river basins: 2-Marmara, 3-Susurluk. ― General distribution: Southeastern Europe: Black Sea watersheds ( Greece, Bulgaria and Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 418-Dniester - Lower Danube, 423-Thrace. ― Habitat: This species lives in streams and rivers with moderate currents. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Locally consumed but of no commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, HAB. ― Moderate sensitivity to human activities.― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown Decreasing. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.

Squalius pursakensis ( Hankó, 1925) [E] ― Sakarya chub/ Tatlı su kefali

Taxonomy. Original description: Leuciscus orientalis var. pursakensis Hankó, 1925: 140 , Pl. 3 (fig. 1) [Kara-Chehir, Kötschke-Kissik and Eski-Chehir, Türkiye; syntypes: (2) lost]. ― Synonyms: Leuciscus pursakensis Hankó, 1925 . ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Hankó (1925: 140, Pl. 3, fig. 1).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Hankó (1925). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Sakarya and Kızılırmak river basins. ― Distribution in river basins: 12- Sakarya, 13-Batı Karadeniz, 14-Yeşilırmak, 15-Kızılırmak. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Sakarya River drainage, Black Sea tributaries ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 430-Northern Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of habitats, from small streams to large rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Locally consumed but of no commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: LC. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: There are many threats in the area (dams, pollution), but none seem to be strong enough to seriously impact this species. ― Low sensitivity to human activities. ― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― Low priority for conservation action.