Trichoderma vulgatum K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang, 2017

Chen, Kai & Zhuang, Wen-Ying, 2017, Seven soil-inhabiting new species of the genus Trichoderma in the Viride clade, Phytotaxa 312 (1), pp. 28-46 : 43

Trichoderma vulgatum K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang , sp. nov. Fig 8

Fungal Names: FN570279.

Etymology: The specific epithet refers to possessing common phenotypic features.

Diagnosis. Colony growing moderate on CMD and PDA, slow on SNA at 25 °C. Conidiophores trichoderma-like, phialides ampulliform or narrowly lageniform, conidia green, globose to subglobose.

On CMD after 72 h colony radius 37–38 mm and mycelium covering the plate after 5 d at 25 °C. Colony hyaline, radial, margin well defined, aerial hyphae common, denser with distance from the original inoculum. Conidiation noted after 4 d, formed on aerial hyphae, mainly concentrated along the colony margin. No chlamydospores observed. No distinct odor, no diffusing pigment observed.

On PDA after 72 h colony radius 28–32 mm and mycelium covering the plate after 6 d at 25 °C. Colony green, finely zonate, green and yellow concentric rings alternate, margin well defined, aerial hyphae abundant. Conidiation noted after 2 d, formed on aerial hyphae, abundant, yellow, turning green. Conidiophores densely disposed, trichoderma-like, comprising a main axis with many side branches, branches typically paired, sometimes solitary or in whorls of 3, rebranching up to 3 times. Phialides paired or in whorls of 3–4, ampulliform or narrowly lageniform, (6.9–)9.0– 12.5(–15.2) × 2.5–3.5 μm, l/ w 2.2 –4.8, 2.1–2.8 μm wide at the base (n = 40). Conidia green, globose to subglobose, less commonly ellipsoid or oblong, 3.3–4.7(–6.1) × 3.1–3.9 μm, l/ w 1.0 –1.4(–2.0) (n=40). Chlamydospores rare. No distinct odor, no diffusing pigment observed.

On SNA after 72 h colony radius 14–15 mm and mycelium covering the plate after 11 d at 25 °C. Colony hyaline, radial, margin not well defined, aerial hyphae absent. Conidiation not noted in 21 d. No chlamydospores observed. No distinct odor, no diffusing pigment observed.

Strains examined: CHINA. Hubei: Shennongjia, elev. 2291 m, isolated from soil, 19 November 2014, K. Chen TC194 (holotype HMAS 248796, ex-type culture CGMCC 3.18319). ibid., K. Chen TC884 (HMAS 248797).

Notes: Phylogenetically, T. vulgatum shows close relationship to T. austrokoningii and T. sinokoningii ( Fig 1 ). Trichoderma austrokoningii differs in shorter phialides (7.0– 10.5 mm long), smaller conidia (3.0–3.7× 2.2–2.7 mm), and faster growth rates particularly on SNA (27–34 mm on SNA at 25 °C after 72 h, Samuels et al. 2006). Trichoderma sinokoningii grows faster on all media (50–52 mm on CMD, 38–40 mm on PDA, 20–22 mm on SNA at 25 °C after 72 h), and produces numerous conidia on SNA after 2 d ( Qin & Zhuang 2016b).

Figures

FIGURE 1. One of the most parsimonious trees based on the analysis of the combined RPB2 and TEF1 matrix, showing phylogenetic positions of the new species. From left to right: MPBP above 50%, MLBP above 70%, and BIPP above 90% are provided at the nodes.

FIGURE 8. Trichoderma vulgatum (HMAS 248796).A–C. Cultures after 7 d at 25 °C (A. CMD; B. PDA; C. SNA); D–K. Conidiophores and phialides (PDA, 3 d); L–N. Conidia (PDA, 3 d). Scale bars:A–C = 20 mm; D–E = 20 μm; F–I = 10 μm; J–N = 5 μm.