Cerococcus Comstock

Chris J. Hodgson & Douglas J. Williams, 2016, (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha, Coccomorpha) with particular reference to species from the Afrotropical, western Palaearctic and western Oriental Regions, with the revival of Antecerococcus Green and description of a new genus and fifteen new species, and with ten new synonomies, Zootaxa 4091 (1), pp. 1-175 : 150-152

Cerococcus Comstock

Cerococcus Comstock 1882: 213 . Type species: Cerococcus quercus Comstock , by monotypy. Ccrococcus; Ramakrishna Ayyar 1919: 627. Misspelling of genus name. Cerveoccus ; Archangelskaya 1930: 81. Misspelling of genus name.

Cerrococcus ; Kiritchenko 1936: 70. Misspelling of genus name.

Ceriococcus ; Mahdihassan 1946: 197. Misspelling of genus name.

Note. With the recognition of Antecerococcus Green , the names Phenacobryum Cockerell , Amelococcus Marchal , Cercococcus Scott and Coricoccus Mahdihassan become junior synonyms of Antecerococcus rather than of Cerococcus , because their type species fall within Antecerococcus .

Generic description and diagnosis. Adult female. Mounted material. Basic body structure typical of Cerococcidae ( Figs 53 , 54 ). Anal lobes rarely sclerotized throughout, otherwise with well-sclerotized inner margins, each occasionally with diagonal ridges, each lobe with 3 spinose setae on inner margin and either 2 short bullet-shaped fleshy setae or, more rarely, strong setose setae on dorsal surface, 1 near apex and other slightly more anteriorly; ventral surface of each lobe without a seta near apex; each lobe also generally with 2 short setae more or less medially plus a small seta on outer margin ( Fig. 3 E). Median anal plate present. Anal ring with 4 pairs of setae, each seta gradually narrowing to a flagellate apex. Dorsum without very large 8-shaped pores (i.e. none with greatest width larger than 15+ Μm); usually with 2 or 3 sizes of 8-shaped pore: largest pores associated with each stigmatic band; 8-shaped pores rarely forming swirls or broad bands across dorsum, but several species with 8-shaped pores in a lattice-like pattern; never with a line or band of large pores along margins of posterior abdominal segments; smaller 8-shaped pore most common type medially; smallest pores generally present across posterior abdominal segments (posterior to cribriform plates) and within apex of each stigmatic band, but latter occasionally with larger pores. Simple pores present, typical of family. Tubular ducts often of 2 widths on dorsum, broadest ducts (when present) restricted to a group medially on posterior abdominal segments; narrower dorsal ducts subequal in size to those on venter; ducts generally slightly more abundant on dorsum than on venter. Cribriform plates always present in a submedial group on each side of abdominal segment IV; of highly variable size and structure, sometimes also in bands on segments anterior to abdominal segment IV. Ventrally, with stigmatic pore bands generally long, extending onto dorsum, posterior bands always bifurcated; each band with 5- locular disc-pores but many pores with more loculi in apical group; each apical group often with a small seta closeby; loculate pores (generally 5-locular) also present in a group near each antenna. Small bilocular pores typical of family, restricted to cephalothorax. Multilocular disc-pores occasionally entirely absent but, when present, each generally with 10 loculi; in segmental lines across abdominal segments and sometimes also on metathorax; each band normally with a submarginal group and a medial band on most segments; multilocular disc-pores on segment VII generally only represented by submarginal groups on each side of vulva but occasionally forming a complete band anterior to vulva; those on segments VIII+IX also generally in submarginal groups but occasionally forming a band posterior to vulva; multilocular disc-pores rarely present associated with spiracles. Small convex closed pores absent. Anteroventral sclerotized areas on anal lobes laterad to anal ring absent. Leg stubs present or absent. Antennae generally unsegmented, usually with about seven fleshy or setose setae ( C. indonesiensis with a conelike spine); cone-shaped extensions to antennae and setal cavities absent. Spiracles as normal for Cerococcidae , each with spiracular disc-pores in a group anterior to peritreme, not in a semi-circle around atrium; without a sclerotized bar extending anteriorly over each spiracle.

Key to species of Cerococcus

1. Dorsum with tubular ducts of 2 widths, those on posterior abdominal segments significantly broader than elsewhere...... 2 - Dorsum with tubular ducts of only one width, those on posterior abdominal segments same as elsewhere............... 9 2. Setae on dorsal surface of each anal lobe short and finely spinose. Multilocular disc-pores on abdominal segments in broad bands several pores wide. Largest 8-shaped pores on dorsum sparse along margins and close to cribriform plates. Leg stubs absent. (North America: USA).......................................................... C. quercus Comstock - Setae on dorsal surface of each anal lobe short convex or bullet-shaped. Other characters not in this combination......... 3 3. Cribriform plates in a single broad band or large medial group of 15–32 plates on about abdominal segment IV. (North America: USA).............................................................................. C. kalmiae Ferris - Cribriform plates not in a broad band or large medial group but in submedial groups on segment III and/or IV........... 4 4. Cribriform plates in 2 submedial groups, each group with 6–16 plates, anterior groups on each side of about abdominal segment III and posterior groups on each side of segment IV. Largest 8-shaped pores restricted to near apex of each stigmatic pore band. Intermediate pores forming a lattice-like pattern on dorsum. (South America: Brazil)......... C. tuberculus (Hempel) - Cribriform plates restricted to a submedial group on each side of abdominal segment IV only, each group with few plates. Largest 8-shaped pores not restricted to apex of each stigmatic pore band and intermediate-sized pores not in a lace-like pattern on dorsum.......................................................................................... 5 5. Almost all bands of multilocular disc-pores 2–4+ pores wide, including abdominal segments III and IV................ 6 - Almost all bands of multilocular disc-pore bands only 1 pore wide............................................. 7 6. Each group of cribriform plates with 5–8 plates. Multilocular disc-pore bands very broad, mostly 4+ pores wide. Ventral marginal band of 8-shaped pores extending medially past spiracles and antennae. (South America, Brazil; Australasia: Australia).................................................................................... C. catenarius Fonseca - Each group of cribriform plates with 2 plates, anterior plate elliptical and larger than posterior plate. Multilocular disc-pore bands mostly 1–3 pores wide. Ventral marginal band of 8-shaped pores not extending medially past spiracles and antennae. (Central America: Mexico)........................................................... C. koebelei (Cockerell) 7. Cribriform plates in a submedial group of 2–4 on each side of abdominal segment IV, each group tending to be fused and in a deep cavity. Leg stubs present but small. (North America: south-west USA)................... C. artemisiae (Cockerell) - Cribriform plates each separate, not fused and not in a deep cavity. Leg stubs present or absent....................... 8 8. Leg stubs absent. Cribriform plates in a submedial group on each side of abdominal segment IV, each group with 2–4 plates, each plate oval, anterior plates approximately twice width of posterior plates. Dorsum with 8-shaped pores of 1 size only. (South America: Argentina )............................................................. C. andinus Leonardi - Leg stubs present. Cribriform plates in a submedial group of 2 plates on each side of abdominal segment IV, each plate approximately round and subequal in size. Dorsum with 8-shaped pores of 3 sizes. (North America: USA).... C. parrotti (Hunter) 9. Eight-shaped pores on dorsum arranged in a lattice- or lace-like pattern. Antennae with fleshy and/or setose setae....... 10 - Eight-shaped pores on dorsum not arranged in a lattice- or lace-like pattern but in swirls. Antennae without either fleshy or setose setae, replaced by a large sunken cone. (Oriental: Indonesia)................. C. indonesiensis Lambdin & Kosztarab 10. Largest 8-shaped pores in a complex lace-like pattern medially. Smallest 8-shaped pores restricted to groups of 10–16 pores within apex of each stigmatic pore band. Leg stubs absent. Submarginal band of ventral 8-shaped pores extending medially well past each spiracle. (Central America: Mexico).................................. C. asteris Hodgson & Williams - Largest 8-shaped pores restricted to each side of stigmatic pore bands. Smaller 8-shaped pores absent from apex of each stigmatic pore band but forming lattice-like pattern. Leg stubs present. Submarginal band of ventral 8-shaped pores not extending medially past each spiracle............................................................................ 11 11. Stigmatic pore bands each about 1 pore wide, each usually with fewer than 150 disc-pores. With 2–8 quinquelocular disc-pores near each antenna. (Widespread in Central and southern North America)...................... C. deklei Kostarab & Vest - Stigmatic pore bands each about 2–3 pores wide, each with more than 150 disc-pores. With 16–29 quinquelocular disc-pores near each antenna. (Central America: Guatamala, Mexico)......................... C. russellae Lambdin & Kozstarab

Note. That it is here considered that C. indonesiensis is not congeneric with C. quercus but is being left in Cerococcus pending further study (see under “Unplaced species” below). Also we consider that species of Cerococcus are restricted to the Holarctic.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Morphological features of adult females of Cerococcidae. A – E = Posterior abdominal segments and anal lobes. A & B: two Antecerococcus spp.; C: Asterococcus ramakrishnai; D: Cerochiton sp. and E: Cerococcus sp.; where a = large 8 - shaped pores along margins of posterior abdominal segments; b = anteroventral sclerotization; c = anterior margin of median anal plate; d = anal plate; e = dorsal fleshy setae; f = posterior ventral seta; g = anteroventral seta; h = medioventral seta; j = pre-anal seta plus companion seta; k = inner margin spinose setae; m = bullet-shaped dorsal fleshy setae, n = apical seta, and t = outer margin seta. F – H. Spiracles. F = Asterococcus sp. with spiracular disc-pores in a band all round spiracular atrium; G & H with spiracular disc-pores restricted to anterior to peritreme; H with a sclerotized arm extending anteriorly over group of disc-pores. J – N. Apices of stigmatic bands showing variations in the distribution of the spiracular disc-pores and 8 - shaped pores: J = Antecerococcus philippiae, with narrow stigmatic bands, few small 8 - shaped pores and large 8 - shaped pores along margins; K = Antecerococcus fradei, with small 8 - shaped pores in a clear area within stigmatic band apex; L = Cerococcus catenarius, with rather random small 8 - shaped pores within apex but also with a transverse band of 8 - shaped pores dividing apex into two halves; M = Cerococcus asteris, with a loose group of medium-sized 8 - shaped pores within apex, each 8 - shaped pore in a shallow cavity, and N = Cerochiton ficoides, with typical Cerochiton pore arrangement: a group of deeply-sunken large 8 - shaped pores in centre along with frequent spiracular-disc pores, surrounded by a ring of non-sunken large 8 - shaped pores; each apex also with a rather fleshy seta and a very sparse stigmatic band.

FIGURE 53. Cerococcus asteris Hodgson & Williams, sp. nov. Adult female.

FIGURE 54. Cerococcus catenarius (Fonseca). Adult female.