Lasioglossum (Dialictus) festinum, Gardner & Gibbs, 2020

Gardner, Joel & Gibbs, Jason, 2020, The ‘ red-tailed’ Lasioglossum (Dialictus) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) of the western Nearctic, European Journal of Taxonomy 725, pp. 1-242 : 82-87

Lasioglossum (Dialictus) festinum sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AAAFC1FC-074D-4A87-80DC-3E47F9563E99

Figs 38–40 115A

Diagnosis

Females of Lasioglossum festinum sp. nov. can be recognized by the mesepisternum rugulose, metasomal terga with very sparse tomentum, head wide with flat clypeus, ocelli slightly enlarged (separated by ~0.6 OD), T1–3 rims punctate to the apical margin without change in sculpture across the premarginal line, T2 without dark spiracular spots, and legs often mostly or entirely orange, even in specimens with a dark metasoma. They are most similar to L. mesillense and L. minckleyi sp. nov. Both of these species have the ocelli normal (separated by ~0.75 OD), T2 with dark spiracular spots, and T2–3 rims slightly duller and less distinctly punctate than the discs.

Males of L. festinum sp. nov. can be recognized by the face short (length/width ratio ~0.86), flagellomeres relatively very long (F2 more than 2 times as long as F1 and nearly 2 times as long as broad), mesepisternum densely punctate (i ≤ 1 pd), T1–3 rims punctate to the apical margin without change in sculpture across the premarginal line, face with sparse tomentum, and legs, metasoma, clypeus apical margin, and sometimes pronotum and metepisternum extensively bright orange (which is unique among known Lasioglossum ( Dialictus )). They are most similar to L. mesillense , L. minckleyi sp. nov., and L. pictum . All of these species have T1–3 rims less distinctly and densely punctate than the discs. In addition, males of L. mesillense have the face below ocelli covered in dense tomentum and metasomal terga often with basolateral tomentum. Males of L. minckleyi sp. nov. have the flagellomeres relatively short (F2 about 1.6 times as long as F1 and 1.25 times as long as broad). Males of L. pictum have the clypeus apical margin, legs, and metasoma dark, and clypeus and supraclypeal area more convex.

Etymology

The specific epithet festinum is a Latin adjective meaning ‘swift’, ‘quick’, ‘impatient’, or ‘early’. It was first coined by Timberlake in an unpublished work, probably in reference to early morning activity. An appropriate translation would be the early sweat bee.

Material examined

Holotype

UNITED STATES – Utah • ♀; Garfield Co., Alvey Wash ; 37.7295° N, 111.6332° W; 27 Jul. 2000; F.D. Parker leg.; PCYU.

[Verbatim label: USA: Utah, Garfield Co. / Alvey Wash, pantrap / 37°43.77’N 111°37.99’W / 27 July 2000, F.D. Parker // 2388E09 // NativeBeeSurvey / USDA,Logan,Utah / BBSL389322 // HOLOTYPE / Lasioglossum (Dialictus) festinum Gardner and Gibbs ]

Paratypes

UNITED STATES – California • 1 ♀; Riverside Co., Deep Canyon ; [33.62° N, 116.4° W]; 6 Mar. 1963; E.I. Schlinger leg.; ex Beloperone californica ; UCRC • 1 ♀; Riverside Co., Palm Springs Station ; [33.897° N, 116.548° W]; 9 Oct. 1955; J.W. MacSwain leg.; EMEC • 1 ♀; San Diego Co., 2 mi. NW of Jacumba; [32.64° N, 116.16° W]; 9 Mar. 1979; C.D. Nagano leg.; LACM • 1 ♀; Anza Borrego ; 33.1338° N, 116.3665° W; 2 Mar. 2013; K.J. Hung leg.; WRME • 2 ♀♀; Clark Mt. ; [35.53° N, 115.59° W]; 8 Jul. 1938; Timberlake leg.; ex Agave utahensis var. nevadensis ; UCRC . – Colorado • 2 ♀♀; Mesa Co., 4.3 air mi. W of De Beque; 39.329° N, 108.2948° W; 1634 m a.s.l.; 9 May 2012; J. Florez leg.; BBSL • 1 ♀; Mesa Co.; 39.1019° N, 108.7376° W; 24–25 Aug. 2011; WRME . – Utah • 2 ♀♀; Emery Co., Calf Canyon, San Rafael Swell ; [39.1° N, 110.67° W]; 7 Jun. 1982; T.L. and R.T. Griswold leg.; CUIC • 1 ♀; Emery Co., S. Temple Fk. ; [38.65° N, 110.67° W]; 20 Jul. 1985; W.P. Nye leg.; ex Dalea compacta ; CUIC • 1 ♀; Emery Co., Temple Mt. Wash ; 38.6572° N, 110.6627° W; 10 May 2000; F.D. Parker leg.; BBSL • 1 ♀; Emery Co., Wild Horse Creek N of Goblin Valley; [38.57° N, 110.82° W]; 1494 m a.s.l.; 21–23 Jul. 1981; Veirs, Parker and Griswold leg.; BBSL • 1 ♀; Garfield Co., Alvey Wash ; 37.7005° N, 111.6275° W; 27 Jul. 2000; F.D. Parker leg.; BBSL • 1 ♀; same location as for preceding; 27 Jul. 2000; F.D. Parker leg.; PCYU • 1 ♀; Garfield Co., east slope Mount Hillers ; [37.88° N, 110.66° W]; 1768 m a.s.l.; 16 Jun. 1983; T. Griswold leg.; BBSL • 1 ♂; San Juan Co., 10 mi. NNW of Mexican Hat, Moki Dugway nr base; 37.27817° N, 109.94357° W; 1637 m a.s.l.; 20 Jun. 2000; A.L. Hicks and V.L. Scott leg.; ex Stanleya ; UCMC • 1 ♂; San Juan Co., Moki Dugway , ca. 10 mi. NNW of Mexican Hat; 37.27817° N, 109.94357° W; 1637 m a.s.l.; 20 Jun. 2000; A.L. Hicks and V.L. Scott leg.; ex Stanleya sp.; UCMC • 1 ♀; Navajo Mt. ( Beaver Creek ); [37.1° N, 110.82° W]; 6 Aug. 1936; D.D. Jensen leg.; BBSL • 3 ♀♀; Washington Co.; 37.1988° N, 112.9812° W; 9 Aug. 2011; C. Decker leg.; WRME • 2 ♀♀; Washington Co.; 37.2033° N, 112.9876° W; 9 Aug. 2011; C. Decker leg.; WRME • 1 ♀; Washington Co.; 37.1997° N, 112.9882° W; 21 Sep. 2011; C. Decker leg.; WRME .

Description

Female

COLOURATION. Head and mesosoma blue-green to olive green; clypeus apical colour black, reddish brown, or orange; labrum black, reddish brown, or orange; mandible orange with black basal spot or band and red tip; flagellum black to reddish brown dorsally, reddish brown to orange ventrally; pronotal lobe reddish brown to orange; metasoma orange to reddish brown with dark spiracular spots on T3–4, usually with dark transverse subbasal bands on T1–2; legs orange to reddish brown; tegula orange; wing membrane hyaline, veins with subcosta dark brown, otherwise brown to orange.

PUBESCENCE. Body hair colour pale yellow to white. Tomentum dense on pronotal collar and lobe, space between pronotal lobe and tegula, and gena; sparse on paraocular area, T2–3 laterally, and T4 throughout. Scutum hair thin. Wing hairs dark, long and dense. Acarinarial fan complete, very sparse. T2 fringes sparse, T3 fringes sparse.

SURFACE SCULPTURE. Clypeus punctures irregularly sparse (i <2 pd), sometimes dense in basal half (i ≤ 1 pd), diversopunctate, sculpture shiny, becoming weakly tessellate basally; supraclypeal area punctures dense (i ≤ 1 pd), sometimes sparser medially (i= 1–2 pd), sculpture shiny, becoming weakly tessellate laterally; paraocular area punctures dense (i <1 pd), becoming crowded medially (i=0 pd) and irregularly sparse around antenna socket (i <2 pd), sculpture shiny, becoming imbricate and sometimes weakly rugulose around antenna socket; frons punctures crowded (i =0 pd), sculpture shiny; vertex punctures dense (i ≤ 1 pd) and diversopunctate laterally, sparse medially (i=1–6 pd), sculpture shiny; gena punctures moderately dense (i=1–2 pd), sculpture shiny; postgena sculpture shiny, becoming imbricate posteriorly and laterad of hypostomal carina; tegula punctures absent; scutum punctures dense (i <1 pd) or moderately dense (i=1–2 pd), becoming sparser (i= 1–3 pd) submedially and anteromedially, sculpture shiny, becoming tessellate medially; scutellum punctures dense (i ≤ 1 pd), sometimes sparser submedially (i=1–3 pd), sculpture shiny to tessellate; metanotum sculpture tessellate and finely, densely punctate (i <1 pd), becoming weakly rugulose laterally; metapostnotum rugae strong or weak, subparallel or anastomosing, not reaching margin, sculpture tessellate; preëpisternum sculpture areolate-rugulose; hypoepimeron punctures crowded (i =0 pd), indistinct, sculpture areolate-rugulose to ruguloso-lineate; mesepisternum punctures crowded (i=0 pd), becoming sparser ventrally (i ≤ 1 pd), indistinct, sculpture imbricate, becoming ruguloso-punctate dorsally; metepisternum sculpture lineate dorsally, becoming tessellate and obscurely, densely punctate ventrally (i <1 pd); propodeum lateral face sculpture tessellate; propodeum posterior face sculpture tessellate and sparsely punctate (i = 2–6 pd); T1 anterior face sculpture shiny to weakly coriarious; T1 dorsal surface punctures fine, sparse (i =1–4 pd), moderately dense on rim (i=1–2 pd), absent in large apicolateral oval patches and on median line basally, sculpture shiny; T2 disc punctures fine, sparse (i =1–4 pd), becoming denser basolaterally (i ≤ 1 pd), disc sculpture shiny, rim punctures moderately dense (i =1–3 pd), rim sculpture shiny.

STRUCTURE. Face length/width ratio 0.79 (± 0.03 SD). Clypeus projecting ~50% below suborbital tangent; clypeal area length/width ratio 0.35 (± 0.04 SD); apicolateral denticles rounded acute points; supraclypeal area length/width ratio 0.9 (± 0.1 SD). Ocelli separated by about 0.6 OD. Forewing with 3 submarginal cells; pronotal angle obtuse; tegula shape normal. Intertegular distance 1.11 (± 0.08 SD) mm. Scutum length/width ratio 0.79 (± 0.03 SD); scutum/scutellum length ratio 2.9 (± 0.17 SD); scutellum/ metanotum length ratio 1.58 (± 0.2 SD); metanotum/metapostnotum length ratio 0.63 (± 0.07 SD). Propodeum lateral carinae not reaching dorsal margin; oblique carina absent. T2 depressed apical rim length less than 50% of segment. (n=10)

Male

COLOURATION. Head and mesosoma blue-green to olive green, except pronotal collar, metepisternum, and mesepisternum posterior margin sometimes orange; clypeus apical colour orange to yellow; labrum orange to yellow; mandible orange to yellow with brown basal spot and red tip; flagellum reddish brown, sometimes orange ventrally; pronotal lobe orange to yellow; metasoma orange with brown basal bands on T1–5; legs orange to yellow; tegula orange to pale amber; wing membrane hyaline, veins with subcosta dark brown, otherwise brown to orange.

PUBESCENCE. Body hair colour white. Tomentum dense on paraocular area; sparse on face below eye emargination, gena, pronotal angle and lobe, and space between pronotal lobe and tegula. Scutum hair thin. Sterna hair short (0.75–1.25 OD), densely plumose, dense and erect. Wing hairs dark, long and sparse.

SURFACE SCULPTURE. Clypeus punctures dense to moderately dense (i ≤ 2 pd), sculpture shiny; supraclypeal area punctures dense to moderately dense (i ≤ 2 pd), sculpture shiny; paraocular area punctures crowded (i =0 pd), sculpture shiny; frons punctures crowded (i=0 pd), sculpture shiny, becoming rugulose above antenna; vertex punctures fine, sparse (i=1–3 pd), sculpture shiny; gena punctures fine, sparse (i= 1–3 pd), sculpture shiny, becoming imbricate and weakly lineate posteriorly and ventrally; postgena sculpture imbricate and weakly lineate; tegula punctures absent; scutum punctures dense to moderately dense (i ≤ 2 pd), sculpture shiny, becoming tessellate anteromedially; scutellum punctures dense marginally and on median line (i ≤ 1 pd), moderately sparse submedially (i=1–2 pd), sculpture shiny; metanotum sculpture ruguloso-punctate; metapostnotum rugae strong, anastomosing, reaching or nearly reaching margin, sculpture shiny to weakly imbricate; preëpisternum sculpture areolate-rugulose; hypoepimeron punctures crowded (i = 0 pd), indistinct, sculpture rugulose; mesepisternum punctures dense (i ≤ 1 pd), sculpture shiny to weakly imbricate; metepisternum sculpture lineate dorsally, areolate ventrally; propodeum lateral face punctures obscure, sculpture rugulose; propodeum posterior face sculpture shiny, sometimes becoming densely punctate dorsolaterally (i ≤ 1 pd); T1 anterior face sculpture shiny; T1 dorsal surface punctures sparse (i =1–4 pd), becoming moderately dense on rim (i =1–2 pd), sculpture shiny; T2 disc punctures sparse (i =1–3 pd), disc sculpture shiny, rim punctures moderately dense (i=1–2 pd), rim sculpture shiny.

STRUCTURE. Face length/width ratio 0.86 (± 0 SD). F1:pedicel length ratio 1.02 (± 0.01 SD); F2:F1 length ratio 2.29 (± 0.03 SD); F2 length/width ratio 1.85 (± 0.31 SD); F9 length/width ratio 1.4 (± 0.05 SD). Forewing with 3 submarginal cells; pronotal angle obtuse; tegula shape normal. Intertegular distance 1.06 (± 0 SD) mm. Scutum length/width ratio 0.71 (± 0.01 SD); scutum/scutellum length ratio 2.43 (± 0.31 SD); scutellum/metanotum length ratio 1.85 (± 0.16 SD); metanotum/metapostnotum length ratio 0.61 (± 0.05 SD). Propodeum lateral carinae not reaching dorsal margin; oblique carina absent. (n=2)

GENITALIA. Not examined.

Range

Western Colorado to southern California ( Fig. 40 ).

Floral records

ACANTHACEAE Juss. Beloperone Nees : B. californica Benth. • ASPARAGACEAE Juss. Agave L. A. utahensis Engelm. A. u. var. nevadensis Engelm. ex Greenm. & Roush • BRASSICACEAE Burnett : Stanleya Nutt. • FABACEAE Juss. Dalea : D. compacta Spreng.

DNA barcodes

Two sequences available (BOLD process IDs: DLII868-07, DLII1089-07; BIN: BOLD:AAJ1601). Lasioglossum festinum sp. nov. differs from all other western red-tailed L. ( Dialictus ) by 4 fixed substitutions: 204(C), 240(T), 507(C), and 561(T) (Supplementary file 4).

Remarks

Rare. The slightly enlarged ocelli of the female (resembling those of L. eophilus ) suggest that L. festinum sp. nov. has low-light activity, which could explain why it is infrequently collected. The close genetic relationship of L. festinum sp. nov. and L. eophilus ( Fig. 7 ) supports this hypothesis.

Lasioglossum festinum sp. nov. is the species previously reported as “ Lasioglossum (Dialictus) sp. E7” by Tepedino et al. (2008), Messinger-Carril et al. (2018), and Wilson et al. (2018).

Figures

Fig. 38. Lasioglossum (D.) festinum sp. nov., ♀. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Face. D. Propodeum. E. Metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 39. Lasioglossum (D.) festinum sp. nov., ♂. A. Lateral habitus. B. Dorsal habitus. C. Face. D. Metasoma. E. Propodeum. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 40. Georeferenced collection records of Lasioglossum (D.) festinum sp. nov. (black squares) and predicted distribution by maximum entropy ecological niche modeling in Maxent (colour shading). Warmer colours indicate higher cloglog probability of occurrence.

Fig. 41. Georeferenced collection records of Lasioglossum (D.) griswoldi Gibbs, 2009 (black squares) and predicted distribution by maximum entropy ecological niche modeling in Maxent (colour shading). Warmer colours indicate higher cloglog probability of occurrence.

Fig. 42. Georeferenced collection records of Lasioglossum (D.) hudsoniellum (Cockerell, 1919) (black squares) and predicted distribution by maximum entropy ecological niche modeling in Maxent (colour shading). Warmer colours indicate higher cloglog probability of occurrence.

Fig. 43. Lasioglossum (D.) imbriumbrae sp. nov., ♀. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Face. C. Lateral habitus. D. Propodeum and metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 44. Lasioglossum (D.) imbriumbrae sp. nov., ♂. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Face. D. Propodeum and metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 45. Georeferenced collection records of Lasioglossum (D.) imbriumbrae sp. nov. (black squares) and predicted distribution by maximum entropy ecological niche modeling in Maxent (colour shading). Warmer colours indicate higher cloglog probability of occurrence.

Fig. 46. Lasioglossum (D.) julipile sp. nov., ♀. A. Lateral habitus. B. Dorsal habitus. C. Face. D. Propodeum. E. Metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 47. Lasioglossum (D.) julipile sp. nov., ♂. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Face. C. Lateral habitus. D. Propodeum and metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 48. Georeferenced collection records of Lasioglossum (D.) julipile sp. nov. (black squares) and predicted distribution by maximum entropy ecological niche modeling in Maxent (colour shading). Warmer colours indicate higher cloglog probability of occurrence.

Fig. 49. Lasioglossum (D.) kunzei (Cockerell, 1898), ♀. A. Lateral habitus. B. Face. C. Dorsal habitus. D. Propodeum and metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 50. Lasioglossum (D.) kunzei (Cockerell, 1898), ♂. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Face. D. Propodeum. E. Metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 51. Georeferenced collection records of Lasioglossum (D.) kunzei (Cockerell, 1898) (vermilion squares), L. (D.) semibrunneum (Cockerell, 1895) (blue-green squares) and intermediate specimens of uncertain identity (yellow squares) as well as predicted distribution by maximum entropy ecological niche modeling in Maxent (colour shading). Warmer colours indicate higher cloglog probability of occurrence. Maxent analysis was run separately for L. (D.) kunzei (left) and L. (D.) semibrunneum (right), but all georeferenced records for both species are shown on both maps to highlight distributional differences. Lasioglossum (D.) kunzei and L. (D.) semibrunneum have largely non-overlapping distributions, but are predicted to intermix in northern Utah, southern Arizona/northern Sonora, and northern Nevada (although no L. (D.) semibrunneum records are known from Nevada).

Fig. 52. Lasioglossum (D.) lilianae sp. nov., ♀. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Face. D. Propodeum and metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 53. Lasioglossum (D.) lilianae sp. nov., ♂. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Face. D. Propodeum. E. Metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 54. Georeferenced collection records of Lasioglossum (D.) lilianae sp. nov. (black squares) and predicted distribution by maximum entropy ecological niche modeling in Maxent (colour shading). Warmer colours indicate higher cloglog probability of occurrence. One doubtful record from Tulare County, California was left out of the analysis.

Fig. 55. Lasioglossum (D.) mesillense (Cockerell, 1898), ♀. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Propodeum and metasoma. D. Face. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 56. Lasioglossum (D.) mesillense (Cockerell, 1898), ♂. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Face. C. Lateral habitus. D. Propodeum and metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 57. Georeferenced collection records of Lasioglossum (D.) mesillense (Cockerell, 1898) (black squares) and predicted distribution by maximum entropy ecological niche modeling in Maxent (colour shading). Warmer colours indicate higher cloglog probability of occurrence.

Fig. 58. Lasioglossum (D.) meteorum sp. nov., ♀. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Face. D. Propodeum. E. Metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 59. Lasioglossum (D.) meteorum sp. nov., ♂. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Face. D. Metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 60. Georeferenced collection records of Lasioglossum (D.) meteorum sp. nov. (black squares) and predicted distribution by maximum entropy ecological niche modeling in Maxent (colour shading). Warmer colours indicate higher cloglog probability of occurrence.

Fig. 61. Lasioglossum (D.) miltolepoides sp. nov., ♀. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Face. D. Propodeum and metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 62. Lasioglossum (D.) miltolepoides sp. nov., ♂. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Face. C. Lateral habitus. D. Propodeum. E. Metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 63. Georeferenced collection records of Lasioglossum (D.) miltolepoides sp. nov. (black squares) and predicted distribution by maximum entropy ecological niche modeling in Maxent (colour shading). Warmer colours indicate higher cloglog probability of occurrence.

Fig. 64. Lasioglossum (D.) minckleyi sp. nov., ♀. A. Lateral habitus. B. Dorsal habitus. C. Face. D. Propodeum. E. Metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 65. Lasioglossum (D.) minckleyi sp. nov., ♂. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Face. D. Propodeum and metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 66. Georeferenced collection records of Lasioglossum (D.) minckleyi sp. nov. (black squares) and predicted distribution by maximum entropy ecological niche modeling in Maxent (colour shading). Warmer colours indicate higher cloglog probability of occurrence.

Fig. 67. Lasioglossum (D.) pallidellum (Ellis, 1914), red morph, ♀. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Face. D. Propodeum. E. Metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 68. Lasioglossum (D.) pallidellum (Ellis, 1914), dark morph, ♂. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Face. D. Propodeum. E. Metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 69. Georeferenced collection records of Lasioglossum (D.) pallidellum (Ellis, 1914) (black squares) and predicted distribution by maximum entropy ecological niche modeling in Maxent (colour shading). Warmer colours indicate higher cloglog probability of occurrence.

Fig. 70. Lasioglossum (D.) perditum sp. nov., ♀. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Face. D. Propodeum and metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 71. Lasioglossum (D.) perditum sp. nov., ♂. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Face. D. Propodeum and metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 72. Georeferenced collection records of Lasioglossum (D.) perditum sp. nov. (black squares) and predicted distribution by maximum entropy ecological niche modeling in Maxent (colour shading). Warmer colours indicate higher cloglog probability of occurrence. The predicted distribution was generated with a regularization multiplier of 0.5 to obtain a more conservative prediction. Due to the very small number of records, this distribution should be interpreted with caution.

Fig. 73. Georeferenced collection records of Lasioglossum (D.) petrellum (Cockerell, 1903) (black squares) and predicted distribution by maximum entropy ecological niche modeling in Maxent (colour shading). Warmer colours indicate higher cloglog probability of occurrence.

Fig. 74. Georeferenced collection records of Lasioglossum (D.) pictum (Crawford, 1902) (black squares) and predicted distribution by maximum entropy ecological niche modeling in Maxent (colour shading). Warmer colours indicate higher cloglog probability of occurrence.

Fig. 75. Lasioglossum (D.) rufornatum sp. nov., ♀. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Face. D. Propodeum and metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 76. Lasioglossum (D.) rufornatum sp. nov., ♂. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Face. C. Lateral habitus. D. Propodeum and metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 77. Georeferenced collection records of Lasioglossum (D.) rufornatum sp. nov. (black squares) and predicted distribution by maximum entropy ecological niche modeling in Maxent (colour shading). Warmer colours indicate higher cloglog probability of occurrence.

Fig. 78. Lasioglossum (D.) spivakae sp. nov., ♀. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Face. D. Propodeum and metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 79. Lasioglossum (D.) spivakae sp. nov., ♂. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Face. D. Propodeum. E. Metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 80. Georeferenced collection records of Lasioglossum (D.) spivakae sp. nov. (black squares) and predicted distribution by maximum entropy ecological niche modeling in Maxent (colour shading). Warmer colours indicate higher cloglog probability of occurrence.

Fig. 81. Lasioglossum (D.) tessellatosum sp. nov., ♀. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Face. C. Lateral habitus. D. Propodeum and metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 82. Lasioglossum (D.) tessellatosum sp. nov., ♂. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Face. D. Metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 83. Georeferenced collection records of Lasioglossum (D.) tessellatosum sp. nov. (black squares) and predicted distribution by maximum entropy ecological niche modeling in Maxent (colour shading). Warmer colours indicate higher cloglog probability of occurrence.

Fig. 84. Georeferenced collection records of Lasioglossum (D.) testaceum (Robertson, 1897) (black squares) and predicted distribution by maximum entropy ecological niche modeling in Maxent (colour shading). Warmer colours indicate higher cloglog probability of occurrence.

Fig. 85. Lasioglossum (D.) torrens sp. nov., ♀. A. Dorsal habitus. B. Lateral habitus. C. Face. D. Propodeum and metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 86. Georeferenced collection records of Lasioglossum (D.) torrens sp. nov. (black squares) and predicted distribution by maximum entropy ecological niche modeling in Maxent (colour shading). Warmer colours indicate higher cloglog probability of occurrence. Due to the very small number of records, this distribution should be interpreted with caution.

Fig. 87. Georeferenced collection records ofLasioglossum (D.) tuolumnense Gibbs, 2009 (black squares) and predicted distribution by maximum entropy ecological niche modeling in Maxent (colour shading). Warmer colours indicate higher cloglog probability of occurrence. Note that L. (D.) tuolumnense is also believed to occur in Oregon based on a photographed specimen.

Fig. 88. Georeferenced collection records of Lasioglossum (D.) vierecki (Crawford, 1904) (black squares) and predicted distribution by maximum entropy ecological niche modeling in Maxent (colour shading). Warmer colours indicate higher cloglog probability of occurrence.

Fig. 89. Georeferenced collection records of Lasioglossum (D.) zephyrus (Smith, 1853) (black squares) and predicted distribution by maximum entropy ecological niche modeling in Maxent (colour shading). Warmer colours indicate higher cloglog probability of occurrence.

Fig. 90. Male genitalia. A. Lasioglossum (D.) arenisaltans sp. nov. B. L. (D.) clastipedion sp. nov. C. L. (D.) clematisellum (Cockerell, 1904). D. L. (D.) hudsoniellum (Cockerell, 1919). E. L. (D.) julipile sp. nov. F. L. (D.) lilianae sp. nov. G. L. (D.) mesillense (Cockerell, 1898). H. L. (D.) meteorum sp. nov. I. L. (D.) miltolepoides sp. nov. J. L. (D.) minckleyi sp. nov. K. L. (D.) pallidellum (Ellis, 1914). L. L. (D.) pictum (Crawford, 1902). M. L. (D.) rufornatum sp. nov. N. L. (D.) spivakae sp. nov. O. L. (D.) testaceum (Robertson, 1897).P. L. (D.) vierecki (Crawford, 1904). Q. L. (D.) zephyrus (Smith, 1853). Genitalia are illustrated in dorsal view and positioned such that the gonostylus is parallel to the plane of vision. Retrorse lobes are also illustrated separately to the bottom left of each figure in lateral view, positioned parallel to the plane of vision.

Fig. 91. Tegula. A. Lasioglossum (D.) hunteri (Crawford, 1932), ♀, enlarged, reaching scutellum, with concave inner posterior margin. B. L. (D.) clematisellum (Cockerell, 1904), ♀, ovoid and not reaching scutellum. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 92. Head and mesonotum. A. Lasioglossum (D.) vierecki (Crawford, 1904), ♀, with thickly plumose hair short and scale-like. B. L. (D.) cembrilacus sp. nov., ♀, with thickly plumose hair long. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 93. Mesoscutum. A. Lasioglossum (D.) tessellatosum sp. nov., ♀, with strong microsculpture and sparse punctures. B. L. (D.) droegei Gibbs, 2009, ♂, with strong microsculpture and dense punctures. C. L. (D.) cactorum sp. nov., ♀, shiny and sparsely punctate. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 94. Variation in frons punctation. A. Lasioglossum (D.) tessellatosum sp. nov., ♀, reticulatepunctate to ruguloso-punctate with crowded punctures. B. L. (D.) meteorum sp. nov., ♀, fine and dense but distinctly separated punctures. C. L. (D.) julipile sp. nov., ♀, moderately sparsely punctate. D. L. (D.) perditum sp. nov., ♀, very sparsely punctate. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 95. T1 anterior face. A. Lasioglossum (D.) kunzei (Cockerell, 1898), ♀, shiny with weak and worn acarinarial fan. B. L. (D.) argammon sp. nov., ♀, weakly coriarious with sparse acarinarial fan. C. L. (D.) rufornatum sp. nov., ♀, strongly coriarious with dense and well-developed acarinarial fan. Arrows point to areas where microsculpture is most easily visible. Scale bar is 0.5 mm.

Fig. 96. T1 anterior face. A. Lasioglossum (D.) testaceum (Robertson, 1897), ♀, acarinarial fan absent with erect hairs throughout. B. L. (D.) clastipedion sp. nov., ♀, acarinarial fan present but weak, with erect hairs restricted to lateral margins. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 97. T1–3. A. Lasioglossum (D.) cactorum sp. nov., ♀, with very narrow and abruptly downcurved apical rims and dense apical hair fringes. B. L. (D.) miltolepoides sp. nov., ♀, with broad, flat, slightly depressed apical rims and sparse apical hair fringes. Arrows point to approximate lengthwise center of apical rims. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Fig. 98. Propodeum. A. Lasioglossum (D.) testaceum (Robertson, 1897), ♀, with strong oblique carina (arrow). B. L. (D.) minckleyi sp. nov., ♀, without oblique carina. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 99. Middle tibial spurs. A. Minutely serrate. B. Finely pectinate.

Fig. 100. Forewings. A. Lasioglossum (D.) pallidellum (Ellis, 1914), ♂, with white hair, pale veins, and hyaline membrane. B. L. (D.) decorum sp. nov., ♀, with dark hair, dark veins, and lightly infuscated membrane. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 101. Supraclypeal area. A. Lasioglossum (D.) arenisaltans sp. nov., ♀, mostly tessellate. B. L. (D.) mesillense (Cockerell, 1898), ♀, mostly shiny. Scale bar: 0.25 mm.

Fig. 102. Postgena.A. Lasioglossum (D.) pictum (Crawford, 1902), ♀, dull and lineate. B. L. (D.) lilianae sp. nov., ♀, shiny. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 103. Ocelli. A. Lasioglossum (D.) eophilus (Ellis, 1914), ♀, slightly enlarged and separated by less than two thirds of one ocellar diameter. B. L. (D.) miltolepoides sp. nov., ♀, normal size, separated by more than two thirds of one ocellar diameter. Scale bar: 0.25 mm.

Fig. 104. Propodeum. A. Lasioglossum (D.) pallidellum (Ellis, 1914), ♀, with metapostnotal rugae not reaching the posterior margin. B. L. (D.) clastipedion sp. nov., ♀, with metapostnotal rugae reaching the posterior margin. Scale bar: 0.25 mm.

Fig. 105. Dark spiracular spots (arrows) on the metasoma. A. Lasioglossum (D.) pictum (Crawford, 1902), ♀, present on T2–4. B. L. (D.) meteorum sp. nov., ♀, present on T3–4 only. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 106. Ocellocular area. A. Lasioglossum (D.) clavicorne sp. nov., ♀, sparsely and distinctly punctate. B. L. (D.) clematisellum (Cockerell, 1904), ♀, densely punctate with punctures somewhat obscured by microsculpture. Scale bar: 0.25 mm.

Fig. 107. Pronotal angle (arrow and outline). A. Lasioglossum (D.) hudsoniellum (Cockerell, 1919), ♀, nearly 90 degrees. B. L. (D.) minckleyi sp. nov., ♀, obtuse. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 108. Mesepisternum. A. Lasioglossum (D.) eophilus (Ellis, 1914), ♀, entirely rugose. B. L. (D.) mesillense (Cockerell, 1898), ♀, ruguloso-punctate in dorsal half, smooth and distinctly punctate in ventral half. C. L. (D.) imbriumbrae sp. nov., ♀, entirely smooth and distinctly punctate. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 109. Pronotal ridge (arrow). A. Lasioglossum (D.) kunzei (Cockerell, 1898), ♀, sharply carinate along full height of pronotum. B. L. (D.) eophilus (Ellis, 1914), ♀, absent. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 110. Mesoscutum punctures. A. Lasioglossum (D.) vierecki (Crawford, 1904), ♂, all interspaces less than 1 puncture diameter. B. L. (D.) arenisaltans sp. nov., ♂, numerous interspaces of 1 puncture diameter or more. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 111. T1 anterior surface. A. Lasioglossum (D.) vierecki (Crawford, 1904), ♂, with dense appressed hair. B. L. (D.) droegei Gibbs, 2009, ♂, without appressed hair. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 112. T2. A. Lasioglossum (D.) petrellum (Cockerell, 1903), ♂, with weaker microsculpture and distinct punctures throughout.B. L. (D.) droegei Gibbs, 2009, ♂, with strong microsculpture and obscure punctures towards apical rim. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 113. Clypeus. A. Lasioglossum (D.) miltolepoides sp. nov., ♂, sparsely punctate and entirely metallic. B. L. (D.) arenisaltans sp. nov., ♂, with dense punctures and yellow-orange apical rim. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Fig. 114. T1–3. A. Lasioglossum (D.) cactorum sp. nov., ♂, convex with rims strongly downcurved (arrows). B. L. (D.) clematisellum (Cockerell, 1904), ♂, flat. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 115. Flagellomeres. A. Lasioglossum (D.) festinum sp. nov., ♂, long. B. L. (D.) imbriumbrae sp. nov., ♂, short. Scale bars: 1 mm. Arrows indicate relative lengths of F1 and F2.

Fig. 7. 50% majority-rule consensus tree of red-tailed Lasioglossum (Dialictus) and representatives of other major lineages of L. (D.) based on a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of 654-bp CO1 barcode sequences downloaded from BOLD. MCMC tree search was run in MrBayes ver. 3.2.7 for 30000000 generations, using a GTR+I+Γ model of evolution, with L. (Austrevylaeus) sordidum (Smith, 1853) set as the outgroup. Node labels are posterior probabilities. Names in vermilion text are red-tailed species; BOLD process IDs are given before species names. In addition to the labeled red-tailed species, L. (D.) rufulipes (Cockerell, 1938) is hypothesized to be an additional lineage containing the red-tailed species L. (D.) testaceum (Robertson, 1897), for which CO1 barcodes were not available. As this phylogeny is based on very limited data, some relationships are likely misleading or incorrect (particularly those with low posterior probability); however, it serves to illustrate the point that the redtailed L. (Dialictus) are an unnatural grouping.