Neosatyrus Wallengren, 1858

Matz, Jess & Brower, Andrew V. Z., 2016, The South Temperate Pronophilina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a phylogenetic hypothesis, redescriptions and revisionary notes, Zootaxa 4125 (1), pp. 1-108 : 47

Neosatyrus Wallengren, 1858

Type species: N. ambiorix Wallengren, 1858

= Homoeonympha C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867 syn. nov. Type species: Stygnus pusilla C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867

= Stygnus C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867 , preoccupied (Perty, 1833; Opiliones ) Type species: Stygnus humilis C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867

= Stygnolepis Strand, 1942 replacement name

= Erebina Bryk, 1944

Type species Erebina simplex Bryk, 1944

Diagnosis. The species contained herein are often confused with one another and are all plain on the dorsal side with trapezoidal to rectangular hindwings with a straight anal margin and having the termens entire, spatulate antennae, and ocelli that are usually small and yellow or white in each cell between Rs and CuA2. Apical ocellus between M1-M3 on the ventral side of the hindwing is bipupillate and ringed in yellow. Androconia are present in N. ambiorix males but absent in N. humilis , N. boisduvalii , and N. schajovskoii . The distal end of the discal cell is in a wide V shape in all but N. schajovskoii , which is shallowly sinuous. Eyes are naked and the terminal palpal segment may be short and conical or oval as in N. boisduvalii and N. schajovskoii or cylindrical and longer as in N. ambiorix and N. humilis . Males may have one to three foreleg tarsal segments and females of N. ambiorix and N. humilis have four segments in the tarsus. Foreleg tarsal segmentation in the females of N. boisduvalii and N. schajovskoii is unknown. All males have an aedeagus that is hourglass-shaped at the distal end and that of N. boisduvalii and N. schajovskoii bear lateral serrations or dentate projections. Valvae are trapezoidal to triangular at the proximal end and uncus is widest at the base except for in N. schajovskoii , where it is slightly narrower where it joins the tegumen.

Remarks. Original descriptions for this genus and Homoeonympha , which is combined with Neosatyrus here, are very poor and include only a few characters. All are distributed between Valparaíso and northern Los Lagos provinces, Chile.

Specimens of N. vesagus ( Doubleday, [1849]) ( Erebia ) (= N. ochreivittatus Butler, 1881 ; = N. violaceus Butler, 1881 ) ( Fig. 8 F; 27) were unavailable for detailed study, but are very like boisduvalii in wing patterning and shape of the hindwing, however without the VHW ocelli. We tentatively include this taxon in our circumscription of Neosatyrus . Although we likewise did not have material of Neomaniola euripides ( Weymer, 1890) (Pseudomaniola) to examine firsthand, photographs of the lectotype and illustrations in Pyrcz (2012), suggest that this species belongs in Neosatyrus , as well. Weymer (1890) described both euripides and eleates in his Pseudomaniola (a junior homomym of Pseudomaniola Röber 1889 )), and Pyrcz (2012) included both in his circumscription of Faunula , which we have shown to be polyphyletic. The rounded shape of the hindwing ( Fig. 3 E, F; 27) suggests placement in Neosatyrus , but further evidence is necessary to determine whether these taxa truly belong in Neosatyrus , Tetraphlebia , or another genus.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Composite habitus images of various monotypic genera. The left side of each specimen is the dorsal surface, the right side is the ventral surface. A, B: Argyrophorus argenteus Blanchard, 1852. male (BMNH # 789887) (A); female (BMNH # 789927) (B); C: Stuardosatyrus williamsianus (Butler, 1868) male (JMC 1003); D: Pamperis poaoeneis Heimlich, 1959 male holotype (scale bar = 1 cm; Photos provided by Ulf Buchsbaum, Zoologische Staatsammlung München); E, F: Neomaniola euripides (Weymer, 1890), showing variability of forewing shape, expanse of dorsal silver scales, and sizes and numbers of ocelli, in two specimens from Mazocruz, Puno, Peru (images from Cerdeña et al. 2014, open access).

FIGURE 8. Composite habitus images of Neosatyrus species. The left side of each specimen is the dorsal surface, the right side is the ventral surface. A: Neosatyrus ambiorix Wallengren, 1858 male holotype (NRM); B: Neosatyrus boisduvalii (Blanchard, 1852) male (MZUJ); C, D: Neosatyrus humilis (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) n. comb. male lectotype (BMNH # 809786) (C), male paralectotype (BMNH # 809783) (D); E: Neosatyrus schajovskoii (Hayward, 1954) n. comb. male (MZUJ); F: Neosatyrus vesagus (Doubleday, [1849]), male holotype (BMNH Rh 3875) illustration reproduced from Elwes (1903, plate XIV, Fig. 9).