Neomaenas poliozona poliozona ( C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867 ) (Epinephele)

Matz, Jess & Brower, Andrew V. Z., 2016, The South Temperate Pronophilina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a phylogenetic hypothesis, redescriptions and revisionary notes, Zootaxa 4125 (1), pp. 1-108 : 41-42

Neomaenas poliozona poliozona ( C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) (Epinephele)

( Figs. 7 E; 16A–C; 26)

Holotype: (male) BMNH #809789

Type location: Valdivia, Los Ríos Province, Chile = Satyrus valdivianus Reed, 1877

Holotype by indication ( ICZN Art. 12.2.7): Plate II fig. 2 in Reed (1877). = Satyrus thelxiope Reed, 1877

Holotype by indication ( ICZN Art. 12.2.7): Plate III fig. 7 in Reed (1877). = Satyrus chiloensis Reed, 1877

Holotype by indication ( ICZN Art. 12.2.7): Plate III fig. 8 in Reed (1877). = Neosatyrus reedii ? var. fuscescens, Butler 1881 Holotype: (male) BMNH #809619

Type Location: La Union, Los Ríos Province, Chile

Distribution. Found in Chile from the southwestern part of Bío-Bío Province near Cañete, eastward toward the Andes and south to Los Lagos Province near Volcán Osorno at 20–1200m from January to March ( Fig. 26).

Diagnosis. Most similar to N. coenonymphina , but with the ventral side hindwing band in lavender instead of daffodil yellow and golden and the apical ocellus on the ventral side of the forewing having only a single pupil or none at all. Hindwing ocelli appear as small black spots between Rs-M1, M1-M2, CuA1-CuA2 and sometimes between CuA2-1A+2A.

Redescription. Head: Antenna 7–9 mm, females with cream scales and males with dark chocolate brown scales, both terminating in a spatulate club. Eyes oval and sparsely hairy, length about 1.1 times width. Palps dark chocolate at the distal end, lightening to cream proximally. Piliform ventral side scales black and tan. Terminal palp segment oval and less than one fourth the length of the second segment.

Thorax of males nearly black, covered in iridescent black scales and long dark chocolate to medium brown piliform scales interspersed with similar cream scales. Female thorax slightly lighter than males and clothed with iridescent black scales interspersed with ivory. Long piliform scales medium brown to cream, but interspersed with black. Tarsus of the forelegs reduced to a single, clublike segment. Midlegs and hindlegs with four rows of amber spines on the tibia and tarsus.

Forewing ( Fig. 7 E): Wingspan 22–28mm. Termen nearly straight to slightly convex. Discal cell widely Ushaped at the distal end with the distance between M1-M2 slightly shorter than between M2-M3. Dorsal side medium to chocolate brown with fringe scales slightly lighter. Apical ocellus betwen M1-M2 appearing as a small black spot on the dorsal side in both sexes. Females with a patch of rust red over the discal cell. Males with no visible androconial patch. Ventral side rust orange, widely bordered with warm medium brown, slightly lighter in the females with a postmedian band slightly lighter orange and barely visible. Apical ocellus between M1-M2 bordered in daffodil yellow and either with a single white pupil or, as in the type specimen, or none at all. A small black ocellus appears occasionally between M2-M3 and/or between CuA1-CuA2.

Hindwing ( Fig. 7 E): Wing shape trapezoidal. Termen slightly convex and barely scalloped between median veins and tornus, the inner margin excavated between anal vein and 1A+2A. Dorsal side medium to dark chocolate brown, darker toward the distal edges and slightly lighter in the females. Fringe scales slightly lighter. Long piliform scales appearing on both sexes at the base and over the discal cell, extending to the median. Females bearing red patches between M2-M3 and M3-CuA1. Ventral side dark chocolate brown closest to the thorax, fading to warm medium brown at the proximal edge of the postmedian band and darkening again between the distal edge of the postmedian band and the termen. Postmedian band in lavender, unevenly scalloped at the proximal border. Distal border slightly faded, but also unevenly scalloped. Small black ocelli between Rs-M1, M1-M2, CuA1-CuA2 and sometimes between CuA2-1A+2A.

Male genitalia ( Fig. 16 A–C): Uncus narrow and finger-like, approximately 1.3X the length of the tegumen. Gnathos acute and 3/5 the length of the uncus, pedunculus short and u-shaped at the terminus, and saccus U-shaped and shorter than the gnathos. Valvae widening distally past the median then narrowing to half the width, the distal end terminating in a U-shape. Aedeagus nearly even in width along the distal two-thirds, narrowing proximally to a blunt acute end.

Specimens examined. Chile, Bío-Bío Province, (MTSU) CL0816; Chile, Araucanía Province, (MTSU) CL0710-CL0720, CL0801-CL0809; Chile, Los Ríos Province, (BMNH) Holotype male 809789, (MTSU) CH 12-1; Chile, Los Lagos Province, (OSU) 0 0 0 0 93668, 0 0 0 0 93671, 0 0 0 0 93672, 0 0 0 0 93678, (MTSU) CH 10-5- CH 10-7, CH 10-9, CH 10-1

Figures

FIGURE 7. Composite habitus images of Neomaenas species. The left side of each specimen is the dorsal surface, the right side is the ventral surface. A, B: Neomaenas inornata Elwes 1903. Lithographs of male holotype (BMNH # Rh 3864) (A), and female allotype (BMNH) (B), (reproduced from Plate XIV of Elwes, 1903, Figure 19); C, D: Neomaenas monachus (Blanchard, 1852) — male N. monachus monachus (C), male N. monachus limonias (MZUJ) (D); E, F: Neomaenas poliozona (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) male holotype N. poliozona (BMNH # 809789) (E), male holotype N. poliozona eustephanos Matz nom. nov. (BMNH # 809619) (F); G: Neomaenas simplex (Butler, 1881) male holotype (BMNH # Rh 3878); H: Neomaenas tristis (Guérin-Méneville, [1830]) male (MZUJ); I, J: Neomaenas wallengrenii Butler, 1881, male lectotype (BMNH # 809361) (I), female paralectotype (BMNH # 809362) (J).

FIGURE 16. Male genitalia of Neomaenas species. See Fig. 2 for labels of parts. All to the same scale. A – C: Neomaenas poliozona (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) (CH 10 - 5); D – F: Neomaenas simplex (Butler, 1881) (CL 0204); G – I: Neomaenas tristis (Guérin-Méneville, [1830]) (CL 0901); J – L: Neomaenas wallengrenii Butler, 1881 (CL 0204).