Zygophylax levinseni ( Saemundsson, 1911 )
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4347.1.1 |
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:176D72B0-0DD6-4D51-83CA-D47C2268A3CF |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5248586 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F0943B-FFD0-4D19-0BF8-F95AFBFF156E |
treatment provided by |
Plazi |
scientific name |
Zygophylax levinseni ( Saemundsson, 1911 ) |
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Zygophylax levinseni ( Saemundsson, 1911)
( Fig. 5C–H View FIGURE 5 )
Lictorella levinseni Saemundsson, 1911: 86 , fig. 2.
Zygophylax biarmata — Broch, 1918: 24; Kramp, 1938: 28 [not Zygophylax biarmata Billard, 1905 ]
Zygophylax elegantula Leloup, 1940: 11 , pl. 1 fig. 8; Rees & Vervoort, 1987: 78;
Zygophylax levinseni — Ramil & Vervoort, 1992: 78, figs 18a–d, 19a–f; Altuna Prados & Álvarez Claudio, 1994: 6–10, figs 3, 4; Calder & Vervoort, 1998: 35, fig. 17a–c; Schuchert, 2001: 71–72.
Zygophylax sp. Aguirrezabalaga et al., 1988: 119, figs 12a–f.
Not Zygophylax levinseni — Calder & Vervoort, 1998: 35, fig. 17a–c.
Material examined. 9752#1, several stems up to 60 mm high, on axis of dead gorgonian and S. plicatile , with coppiniae; 13881#1, several stems up to 11 mm high, on Sertularella gayi , no coppiniae.
Description. Polysiphonic stems, up to 60 mm high. Polysiphony extending almost to end of stem. Primary branches also polysiphonic. Branching alternate in more or less one plane and roughly at right angle from stem; frequently forming sub-opposite pairs of contiguous hydrocladia (however, there are two hydrothecae between pairs; less frequently only one). Branches resting on apophyses usually provided with a nematotheca ( Fig. 5E View FIGURE 5 ). Stems and hydrocladia with a series of apophyses alternately arranged in two planes, making an acute angle (less frequently in approximately one plane), and giving rise to hydrothecae ( Fig. 5C View FIGURE 5 ). Apophyses short and sometimes provided with a nematotheca placed on the side facing the space delimited by the alternating apophyses ( Fig. 5F View FIGURE 5 ).
Hydrothecae tubular ( Fig. 5C–D View FIGURE 5 ), on long pedicels, separated from them by a circular diaphragm ( Fig. 5D View FIGURE 5 ). Pedicel arising from hydrocladial apophysis. Hydrotheca slightly asymmetrical (adcauline wall longer than abcauline one) and directed outwards ( Fig. 5C–D View FIGURE 5 ). Adcauline wall convex; abcauline one straight or slightly concave below aperture ( Fig. 5C–D View FIGURE 5 ). Maximum diameter at aperture, gradually decreasing to diaphragm. Hydrothecal aperture circular; rim smooth, slightly everted ( Fig. 5D View FIGURE 5 ).
Female gonothecae densely grouped, but separated. On axis of dead gorgonian and on basal part of some stems. Gonotheca ovoid, distally with a pair of laterally curved tubes, distally facing down ( Fig. 5G View FIGURE 5 ). Gonotheca with two apertures, each at the end of corresponding distal tube and facing downwards. Gonothecal wall with fine striae. Several planulae per gonotheca (up to six observed).
Measurements (in µm). Hydrotheca: height 320–400, diameter at aperture 130–180; length of pedicel 110– 200, diameter at diaphragm 80, length of apophyis 60. Nematotheca: height 60–80, diameter at aperture 30–40.
Remarks. Nematothecae on the apophyses supporting hydrothecal pedicels are always on the side facing the space delimited by the alternating hydrothecae. The presence of nematothecae is not constant; they are frequently absent, which does not seem to be caused by lost. Where there was a nematotheca, currently lost, there is a clear hole in the perisarc ( Fig. 5E View FIGURE 5 ). However, in many cases there is no indication of its presence.
Ramil & Vervoort (1992) indicated that there is usually one nematotheca on each side of the hydrothecal pedicel. We have only observed one nematotheca associated with each hydrothecal apophysis, which was also found by Altuna Prados & Álvarez Claudio (1994).
Ecology and distribution. This is a deep-sea species, collected at depths from 183 to 3657 m (Vervoort 2006); the present material is from the Porcupine Seabight at depths between 863 and 1042.
Temperate Atlantic south of Iceland and sub-tropical Atlantic (Vervoort 2006).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Zygophylax levinseni ( Saemundsson, 1911 )
Peña Cantero, Álvaro L. & Horton, Tammy 2017 |
Zygophylax levinseni
Calder 1998: 35 |
Zygophylax levinseni
Calder 1998: 35 |
Ramil 1992: 78 |
Zygophylax
Aguirrezabalaga 1988: 119 |
Zygophylax elegantula
Rees 1987: 78 |
Leloup 1940: 11 |
Zygophylax biarmata
Kramp 1938: 28 |
Broch 1918: 24 |
Lictorella levinseni
Saemundsson 1911: 86 |