Anisolepisma pigmentum, Smith, 2016

Smith, Graeme B., 2016, Revision of the Genus Anisolepisma (Zygentoma: Lepismatidae: Acrotelsatinae), Records of the Australian Museum 68 (6), pp. 269-312 : 295-300

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.3853/j.2201-4349.68.2016.1662
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F087CD-AF11-5B11-FF4C-FE41FA0EFC8F
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Anisolepisma pigmentum
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Anisolepisma pigmentum n. sp.

Figs 5 View Figures 2–5 , 19 View Figure 19 , 114–157 View Figures 114–124 View Figures 125–137 View Figures 138–150 View Figures 151–157

Type material. Holotype ♂ ( HW 1.10 ) ( NTM I008585 View Materials on two slides) NT: West MacDonnell National Park , Ormiston near Larapinta campsite (23°37.881'S 132°43.342'E 680 m asl), 9.vii.2009, Graeme Smith GoogleMaps . Paratype 1♀ ( HW 1.13 ) ( NTM I008586 View Materials on two slides), same data as holotype GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis. Distinguished from other species of the genus by its larger size and heavier pigmentation, the presence of four trichobothria-like setae on each side of the pronotum and three on each side of the meso and metanota, the presence of 1+1 trichobothria-like setae on the posterior margins of the meso and metanota (rather than macrochaetae), the presence of only 2+2 combs on urotergite VIII, the presence of infralateral setae on urotergite IX, the absence of medial combs on urosternites II–VII and the short setae on the ovipositor.

Description

Appearance: Medium sized silverfish with elongate body ( Figs 5 View Figures 2–5 , 114 View Figures 114–124 ) with the thorax only slightly wider than abdominal segment I, the subsequent abdominal segments remain about the same width or become slightly wider up until the sixth abdominal segment after which they slowly taper to about ¾ of the width of the thorax in segment IX. Antennae and terminal filaments not quite complete in both specimens but only about one third H+B. Scale pattern when live ( Fig. 5 View Figures 2–5 ) evenly dark grey with distinct “white” margins along the sides of the thorax, antennae and terminal filaments dark, pinkish grey.

Body size: Up to 10.3 mm; HW 1.13 mm; thorax length up to 2.9 mm (or 0.25–0.29 times H+B), thorax width up to 1.85 mm; antennae and terminal filaments not quite complete in both specimens, longest remaining portion of antenna 0.34 times H+B, of cerci 0.29 and of median dorsal appendage 0.33 times H+B.

Pigment: Pigment brown and blotchy and distributed densely and extensively over much of the head and body segments, although less on the anterior urosternites. Mouthparts and appendages all pigmented, especially where scales are present ( Fig. 19 View Figure 19 ); antennae flagellum evenly pigmented light brown becoming slightly darker distally; pigment quite strong on all articles of labial and maxillary palp except ultimate article of the latter where it is noticeably lighter and more even; mandibles strongly pigmented externally, all articles of legs with quite strong pigment especially in scaled areas, pigment on tarsomeres more confined to patches, especially dorsally, than on other leg articles; styli darkly pigmented; terminal filaments with subtle lighter rings at the joint of divisions but these rings disappear not much beyond the end of the ovipositor to become evenly pigmented brown and darker distally; coxites IX of female and ovipositor strongly pigmented.

Scales: Round or ovoid ( Fig. 115 View Figures 114–124 ), dark brown/black to light brown, some along the lateral margins of the nota appear to be white in alcohol. Scale insertions arranged in conspicuous longitudinal rows on the head and tergites. Scales present on top of head and between anterior bushes, across the clypeus, on the pedicel and scape, all articles of labial palp, all articles of maxillary palp except ultimate article, all tergites and sternites, all articles of legs, and most of the length of each stylus; absent from antennal flagellum and terminal filaments, parameres and ovipositor.

Macrochaetae: Bifid apically or simple, hyaline to quite dark brown or almost black (in alcohol).

Head: Very round, slightly wider than long, with scales above; eyes well forward; chaetotaxy ( Fig. 116 View Figures 114–124 ) well developed, frons with isolated 1+1 anterior groups of about 30–40 strong, apically bifurcate macrochaetae above 1+1 single macrochaetae on clypeus, lacking macrochaetae along lateral margins above antennae, behind each antenna is a short row of about three to five macrochaetae sub-perpendicular to the margin terminating in a very long thin, trichobothria-like seta, the row connects along the lateral margin with a long comb of macrochaetae above the eyes extending almost to the posterior margin of the eye (details obscured by eye pigment in Fig. 116 View Figures 114–124 ). —Antennae almost but not quite complete, pedicel not much shorter than scape ( Fig. 116 View Figures 114–124 ) and both covered in dark scales up to the distal rosette of setae, most distal remaining intervals ( Fig. 117 View Figures 114–124 ) with setae, trichobothria and basiconic sensillae type B and possibly type C but the high level of pigment makes observation difficult. —Mandibles ( Figs 118, 119 View Figures 114–124 ) with well-developed incisor region, the molar region on one side with pronounced comb which is lacking on the other mandible which has a pointed posterior end, laterally; a group of several apically bifurcate and simple macrochaetae beyond the molar region with three short setae and a bush of 70+ macrochaetae externally. —Maxilla ( Figs 120–122 View Figures 114–124 ) with galea longer than lacinia, lacinia with two almost equally long apical teeth and a slightly smaller subapical tooth, seven or eight lamellate processes and a row of six or seven simple setae; apical article of maxillary palp 3.6–4.7 times longer than wide with a simple basiconic sensilla type C subapically; penultimate article similar in length or slightly longer than ultimate article, third article with a few stout setae subapically, second article with rosette of stronger setae; all articles, except ultimate, with some small round scales on the outer margin, especially basally. —Labium short and broad, prementum with rows of strong setae at the base of the glossae and paraglossae as illustrated ( Fig. 123 View Figures 114–124 ), postmentum with two short combs each of two setae and another comb of two setae on each side near the lateral margins; labial palp short, apical article subrectangular to ovoid ( Fig. 124 View Figures 114–124 ), longer than wide, subequal in length to penultimate article, with four papillae of the “aufgelöst” type, with a single short rounded basiconic sensilla type C on outer margin at level of diamond.

Thorax: Pronotum ( Figs 125–127 View Figures 125–137 ) with 1+1 closed tufts of about four erect macrochaetae plus two small cilia ( Fig. 126 View Figures 125–137 ); some stout, apically bifurcated macrochaetae on the anterior corners, then only three submarginal macrochaetae along the margins (as numbered m 0 – m-2) plus many short lateral marginal setae; four trichobothria at intervals along the lateral margins; only the most posterior being located slightly away from the margin ( Fig. 127 View Figures 125–137 ), posterior margin glabrous with numerous, long, densely overlapping scales. —Mesonotum ( Figs 128–130 View Figures 125–137 ) shorter than pronotum with three or four submarginal macrochaetae (m-1 absent on right side of holotype) and two trichobothria-like setae on the lateral margins (tr-1, tr-2) and a submarginal trichobothrium at each posterolateral corner (tr 0) ( Fig. 129 View Figures 125–137 ); posterior margins with 1+1 sublateral trichobothria-like setae associated with a setula and a cilium ( Fig. 130 View Figures 125–137 ). —Metanotum ( Figs 131, 132 View Figures 125–137 ) shorter than mesonotum, with four or five submarginal lateral macrochaetae, the macrochaeta associated with the middle trichobothria-like seta was most often absent; posterior margin with 1+1 trichobothria-like setae as on mesonotum.

Presternum of prothorax very large ( Figs 19 View Figure 19 , 133, 134 View Figures 125–137 ), about one quarter as long as wide; clearly visible extending across segment between the labium and the coxae and sternum. —Prothoracic sternum ( Figs 19 View Figure 19 , 133,134), with about 50 macrochaetae in medial tuft. —Raised area of meso- and metathoracic sterna heart-shaped of similar length to each other but the latter slightly wider, both with about seven, mostly simple, macrochaetae along the margins ( Figs 135, 136 View Figures 125–137 ).

Legs ( Figs 137–139 View Figures 125–137 View Figures 138–150 ) not particularly long, tibia L/W ratio of legs PI 2.6–3.3, PII 2.5, PIII 3.7–4.5; tarsi L/W ratio PI 5.3–5.5, PII 6.0–6.5, PIII 7.2–7.8. —Precoxae with two or three setae not as comb. —Coxae of PI with transverse comb of seven stout macrochaetae anteriorly near the lateral margin; all coxae with long, strong setae along the lateral margins and a group of short, strong setae apically over the articulation. —Trochanter without strong macrochaetae. — Femora with several long, strong macrochaetae along the posterior margin and a group of short strong macrochaetae apically over the articulation. —Tibia with two pairs of strong spines on or near the lateral margin and several spines on or near the posterior margin, tibial spur with a few setae. —Tarsi distinctly four segmented, stronger setae ventrally and distally on each article except last. —Pretarsus of two simple lateral claws and a shorter smooth medial empodial claw.

Abdomen: Urotergite I with 1+1 or 1+2 combs each of a single macrochaetae only each associated with a marginal setula and one or two cilia, the combs seem to be very inconsistent with the lateral combs absent on the holotype (one possibly due to damage). Urotergite II also inconsistent with one lateral comb absent on the holotype and the other of a single macrochaeta while both lateral combs on the paratype have two macrochaetae but both submedial combs and one sublateral comb is absent. Urotergites III–VII ( Fig. 140 View Figures 138–150 ) with 3+3 combs, the lateral and sublateral combs with two macrochaetae and the submedial of just a single macrochaeta, each comb associated with one or two marginal setulae and one to three cilia. Urotergite VIII with 2+2 combs, the lateral comb of two and submedial of a single macrochaeta plus a setula and cilia ( Fig. 141 View Figures 138–150 ). Urotergite IX ( Fig. 142 View Figures 138–150 ) with infralateral combs of one straight and one curved seta ( Fig. 143 View Figures 138–150 ). —Urotergite X truncated parabolic ( Fig. 144 View Figures 138–150 ) with numerous strong setae along the lateral margins, larger marginal macrochaetae in the corners and some stronger and weaker setae mediad to the corners with an area between these groups lacking setae, with 1+1 combs of two strong macrochaetae near the posterolateral corners, however the urotergite X on the female has only a single larger macrochaeta on the left side, displaced somewhat anteriorly ( Fig. 145 View Figures 138–150 ).

Urosternite I with medial comb of two macrochaetae ( Figs 146, 147 View Figures 138–150 ). Urosternite II with 1+1 combs each of two macrochaetae ( Figs 148, 149 View Figures 138–150 ) associated with a setula and a cilium. Urosternites III–VIII with 2+2 combs ( Fig. 150 View Figures 138–150 ), the lateral combs with two or three macrochaetae, the submedial with two macrochaetae as well as one or two small thin setulae and cilia between the comb and the margin; the macrochaetae are about half the length of the segment. —Styli ( Figs 151, 152 View Figures 151–157 ) in one pair (IX only) with several long strong setae ventrally along their length similar to the large apical setae; with single large macrochaeta on coxite IX mediad to the base of each stylus.

Coxite IX in the ♂ as in Fig. 151 View Figures 151–157 , the internal process acute apically, about 2.3 times longer than the external process and 1.2 times as long as broad at its base, with several strong setae along both the external and internal margins; external process of coxite IX small, about as long as wide at its base, triangular with an acute apex, a few strong setae subapically and along the external margin. —Penis with numerous setae apically, each set on a protuberance. —Parameres long, unsegmented, almost as long as the internal process with numerous very long fine setae ( Fig. 151 View Figures 151–157 ).

Coxite IX in the ♀ as in Fig. 152 View Figures 151–157 , internal and external processes similar in size and shape to those in ♂. — Ovipositor ( Figs 152–154 View Figures 151–157 ) noticeably widened apically, with indistinct segmentation, extending (in only specimen available) to about the end of the internal process, apical divisions of both anterior and posterior gonapophyses with sparse fine setae, lacking very long setae.

Epiproct and paraprocts strongly pigmented, the former developed into a flat, forked process over the median dorsal appendage, the latter with an acute conical terminal process and more proximal rounded right angled process ( Fig. 155 View Figures 151–157 ). —Cerci with basal division glabrous ( Fig. 155 View Figures 151–157 ), the next two divisions short with a few small setae, divisions becoming gradually longer with two annuli by the seventh or eighth, each with a rosette of small setae and trichobothria, four by the eleventh or twelfth persisting to the most distal surviving divisions which have both long, strong and smaller, simple setae, trichobothria as well as long fine hooked cilia as shown in Fig. 156 View Figures 151–157 . —Medial dorsal appendage similar ( Figs 155, 157 View Figures 151–157 ) but with shorter divisions of only four annuli in the most distal surviving articles.

Habitat. Under low Eucalyptus (mallee) in 5 cm deep leaf litter on rocky hillside.

Etymology. The species is named pigmentum due to it having the most conspicuous cuticular pigmentation of any species so far known in the genus.

Comment. This species has urotergal and lateral notal chaetotaxy similar to A. hartmeyeri but differs from all other known species in the conversion of the posterior macrochaetae of the meso- and metanota to long thin trichobothria-like seta, the complete lack of medial combs on urosternites II–VIII and the presence of infralateral setae on urotergite IX and the quite short setae of the ovipositor.