Elaphropeza Macquart, 1827

SHAMSHEV, IGOR V. & GROOTAERT, PATRICK, 2007, Revision of the genus Elaphropeza Macquart (Diptera: Hybotidae) from the Oriental Region, with a special attention to the fauna of Singapore, Zootaxa 1488 (1), pp. 1-164 : 6-7

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.1488.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7D9B48C3-B60D-4FB3-A58E-696A171C0249
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F0697A-FFD6-FFE5-9CC0-C1258D6EF974
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Elaphropeza Macquart, 1827
status

Treatment

Genus Elaphropeza Macquart, 1827 View in CoL

Elaphropeza Macquart, 1827: 86 View in CoL (as genus). Type-species: Tachydromia ephippiata Fallén, 1815: 11 View in CoL , by monotypy. Ctenodrapetis Bezzi, 1904: 351 (as subgenus of Drapetis View in CoL ). Type-species: Ctenodrapetis ciliatocosta Bezzi , by subse-

quent designation of Melander (1928: 309).

Diagnosis. The genus Elaphropeza can be distinguished from other species of the Drapetini by the following combination of the characters: occiput convex, antennae not upturned, postpedicel conical, its lower margin as straight as upper, style apical, mesopleuron bare, wing with shortened cell br, abdominal intersegmental modifications present between tergites 3–5 or 4–5.

Male. Head. Black to yellow in ground colour. Eyes narrowly separated on face, with ommatrichia, ommatidia uniform. Frons with sides divergent above. Face linear. Two pairs of prominent vertical bristles. Ocellar tubercle with 2 pairs of bristles but posterior pair usually minute. Antennae placed at middle of head; scape small; pedicel longer, with circlet of subequally short bristles; postpedicel conical, of varying length; stylus terminal, arista-like, usually long. Gena not extended or, sometimes, barely extended below eye. Proboscis ( Figs. 209, 210 View FIGURES 209–211. 209 ) slightly recurved. Palpus elongate-ovate, usually small and with distinct apical seta but sometimes ( E. palpata de Meijere ) long, strip-like, lacking apical seta.

Thorax ( Fig. 211 View FIGURES 209–211. 209 ). Ground colour varying from completely black to yellow, in the latter case often with brown markings forming specific pattern ( Figs. 212–217 View FIGURES 212–217 ). Scutum shining, lacking tomentum. Prothoracic episterna with (or without) 1 long upturned bristle just above fore coxa and usually 1 short bristle in upper part. Postpronotal lobe undifferentiated, postpronotal bristle usually not prominent but sometimes present. Mesonotal bristles mostly well prominent; acrostichals multiserial or arranged in 2 rows, complete or incomplete posteriorly, rarely absent; dorsocentrals multiserial and hardly differentiated from intra-alar setulae or arranged in 1 row. Mesopleuron bare. Metaepimeron large.

Legs ( Figs. 218–224 View FIGURES 218–224. 218 ). Elongate, with femora and tibiae somewhat thickened or slender, sometimes with distinct colour pattern. Coxae and trochanters unmodified and bearing unmodified bristles. Fore femur with slightly prominent rows of antero- and posteroventral bristles. Mid femur with rows of short spinule-like ventral bristles and 1 anterior subapical bristle. Fore and mid tibia with 1 thin antero- and 1 similar posteroventral subapical bristles, additionally, mid tibia usually with black ventral spinules, both tibiae sometimes with short dorsal bristles. Hind femur with prominent anteroventral subapical and dorsal basal bristles. Hind tibia always with apical projection clothed in dense brownish setulae, lacking prominent bristles or bearing 1–2 (rarely more, E. palpata ) anterodorsal bristles about middle and (or) 1–2 curved subapical bristles; also, sometimes 2 posterodorsal bristles present. Tarsi unmodified, except slightly expanded hind basitarsus.

Wing. ( Figs. 253 View FIGURES 253-259 -261). Usually normally developed or sometimes narrow, with axillary lobe greatly reduced; more or less infuscate, hyaline or with distinct pattern. Microtrichia uniform. Costal setae short. Basal costal bristle always prominent. Rs originating before halfway along R1, longer than crossvein bm-cu. Vein R1+2 evenly curved. Veins R4+5 and M1+2 parallel or slightly divergent near wing apex, usually both more or less straight, sometimes R4+5 somewhat bowed. A1 very weak, fold-like or absent. Crossvein CuA2 absent. Crossvein bm-cu transverse or oblique. Cell br always markedly shorter than cell bm but varying in length, usually about as long as half of cell bm, sometimes distinctly shorter. Halter with knob yellow to black.

Abdomen. Tergites ( Figs. 225–234 View FIGURES 225–234 ) 1–5 varying in shape and degree of sclerotisation; tergites 3 and 4 often broadest, tergite 5 usually very narrow. Tergites 6 and 7 usually unmodified, of subequal width but sometimes modified ( Figs. 139, 140 View FIGURES 135–140 ). Segment 8 always short, partially concealed by segment 7, rarely modified. Squamiform setae usually present on tergites 3, 4 and 5, or 4 and 5, sometimes restricted to one of these tergites or rarely absent ( E. lanuginosa Bezzi ). Sternites usually unmodified, weakly sclerotised, sternites 3–5 often divided along midline. Gland-like intersegmental structures present between tergites 4 and 5 or between tergites 3, 4 and 5. Gland-like structures usually simple plate-like ( Figs. 225–234 View FIGURES 225–234 ), but sometimes vessel-like ( Fig. 174 View FIGURES 170–174 ).

Terminalia. Hypopygium asymmetrical, rotated 90° to right. Epandrium completely divided. Left epandrial lamella small and fused to hypandrium, with long or greatly reduced bristles on apical portion. Left surstylus divided into 3 lobes, upper lobe without surstylar comb but sometimes with spines. Right epandrial lamella usually large, positioned ventrally. Right surstylus absent or present; if present, undivided, usually differentiated from and weakly articulated with epandrium. Cerci separated or fused (sometimes incompletely) forming single lobe, sometimes bearing spines; if separated, right cercus small and hardly prominent, left cercus larger. Hypandrium ( Figs. 241–245 View FIGURES 241–245 ) usually with 2 bristles on apical portion, rarely with 1, 3–4 or 8 bristles. Phallus ( Figs. 249 View FIGURES 249–250 –252) very short or elongate and coiled, sometimes greatly double spiral. One or two rod-shaped apodemes (i.e. ejaculatory plus ventral apodeme) present.

Female. Similar to male, sexual dimorphism slightly prominent, usually including only lack of ventral spinules on mid tibia. Terminalia ( Figs. 235–240 View FIGURES 235–240 ) short to elongate. Tergite 8 not fused ( Figs. 235–237 View FIGURES 235–240 ) or fused laterally with sternite 8 ( Figs. 238–240 View FIGURES 235–240 ). Sternite 8 with or without folded apex. Tergite 9 absent. Sternite 9 reduced to small internal sclerite. Tergite 10 absent. Sternite 10 plate-like positioned below proctiger. Cercus elongate-ovate or broad-ovate. Spermatheca membranous, sac-like.