Elaphropeza species

SHAMSHEV, IGOR V. & GROOTAERT, PATRICK, 2007, Revision of the genus Elaphropeza Macquart (Diptera: Hybotidae) from the Oriental Region, with a special attention to the fauna of Singapore, Zootaxa 1488 (1), pp. 1-164 : 7-13

Key to Elaphropeza species from the Oriental Region

The only key available for identification of Elaphropeza from the whole region is badly outdated ( Bezzi 1912) and lacks many described species. Later, only species of local faunas have been keyed ( Senior-White 1922; Smith 1965). In the key given below we included almost all species currently known from the Oriental Region except for some described from China. For identification of Chinese species of Elaphropeza please refer to the key recently published by Yang and Gaimari (2005). In the case of variable characters, some species were keyed both directions.

1. Thorax wholly black or, rarely ( E. limosa sp. nov.) brownish (no paler markings on mesonotum or pleura)......................................................................................................................................................................2

– Thorax yellow to reddish yellow (sometimes with brown or black markings)..........................................21

2. Wing with more or less distinct pattern........................................................................................................3

– Wing hyaline or uniformly infuscate............................................................................................................6

3. Hind tibia with 1 anterodorsal bristle. Postpedicel very short, 1.5 times as long as wide. All legs with tarsomere 5 black. Wing hyaline along anterior and posterior margins, otherwise brownish, including wingapex ( Indonesia: Java) ........................................................................................ E. strigifera (de Meijere)

– Hind tibia lacking anterodorsal bristles. Postpedicel long, 3–4 times longer than wide. Legs wholly yellow. Wing with different pattern...................................................................................................................4

4. Wing deeply infuscate on basal half, with 2 brown spots in apical portion of cell r1 and in basal part of cell r2+3; apical half finely infuscate. Halter with brown knob ( Singapore).................. E. darrenyeoi sp. nov.

– Wing with more or less distinct dark band in middle ( Fig. 253 ). Halter yellow..........................................5

5. Antenna wholly brownish yellow. Hind tibia lacking prominent bristles. Abdomen with tergite 3 and 4 bearing squamiform setae. Male: Right surstylus long, narrow, overlapping cerci ( Singapore).................... ............................................................................................................................ E. singaporensis sp. nov.

– Antenna with scape and pedicel yellow. Hind tibia bearing 2 straight subapical anterior bristles of different lengths. Abdomen with tergites 3, 4 and 5 bearing squamiform setae. Male: Right surstylus large, rather elongate oval, not overlapping cerci ( Singapore) .................................................... E. sime sp. nov.

6. Mid tibia with 1 long black flattened subapical posteroventral bristle; hind tibia narrowed in apical 1/3 and bearing there 1 strong anterodorsal bristle vertically sitting on tubercle and several appressed setae ( Singapore) ................................................................................................................... E. pauper sp. nov.

– Mid tibia with ordinary subapical bristles. Hind tibia unmodified, with or without unmodified posteroventral bristles....................................................................................................................................................7 [ Elaphropeza sp. 51 known only from the female belongs here]

7. Hind tibia lacking anterodorsal bristles........................................................................................................8

– Hind tibia with 1 or 2 anterodorsal bristles................................................................................................13

8. Halter dark....................................................................................................................................................9

– Halter yellow..............................................................................................................................................11

9. Fore and hind tibiae and hind femur, except broadly at base, wholly dark brown; otherwise legs brownish yellow ( India: West Bengal) ................................................................................... E. bicoloripes Brunetti

– Legs almost wholly yellow, only tarsomere 5 blackish or brownish near apex of hind femur above and hind tibia near base.....................................................................................................................................10

10. Palpus yellow. Acrostichal bristles biserial, dorsocentrals uniserial. Legs with tarsomere 5 blackish ( Malaysia) .................................................................................................................... E. belumut sp. nov.

– Palpus brown. Acrostichal and dorsocentral bristles multiserial. Legs with hind femur near apex above and hind tibia near base brownish ( Singapore) .......................................................... E. chekjawa sp. nov.

11. Larger, about 3.0 mm. Style 1.5 times longer than postpedicel. Abdominal tergites 4 and 5 with squamiform setae ( Singapore) E. temasek sp. nov.

– Smaller, about 1.5 mm. Style as long as postpedicel. Only abdominal tergite 5 with squamiform setae..12

12. Legs with tarsomeres 3–5 brownish yellow ( Singapore)....................................... E. neesoonensis sp. nov.

– Legs with tarsomere 5 black, remaining tarsomeres yellowish ( Singapore) ...................... E. yeoi sp. nov.

13. Hind tibia with 1 anterodorsal bristle.........................................................................................................14

– Hind tibia with 2 anterodorsal bristles........................................................................................................18

14. Antenna wholly brown. Palpus brownish yellow. Thorax brownish ( Singapore) .......... E. limosa sp. nov.

– Antenna wholly or partly yellow. Palpus pale yellow. Thorax black.........................................................15 15. Fore tarsomeres 2–5 distinctly annulated ( Singapore) .................................................. E. meieri sp. nov.

– Fore tarsus wholly yellow or with tarsomere 5 brown...............................................................................16

16. Fore tarsus yellow. Abdomen reddish yellow in basal half and black apically ( Sri Lanka)........................... ............................................................................................................................................ E. basalis Bezzi

– Fore tarsomere 5 brown. Abdominal tergites 1–3 represented by pairs of long triangular lateral sclerites .......................................................................................................................................................................17

17. Antenna wholly yellow. Two pairs of vertical bristles present ( China: Guangxi)..... E. liui Yang, Gaimari

– Antenna with postpedicel brownish yellow. One pair of vertical bristles present ( China: Guangxi)............ .................................................................................................................... E. guangxiensis (Yang, Yang)

18. Mid tibia with 1 anterodorsal bristle at middle. Acrostichal bristles lacking ( Nepal)......... E. kala (Smith)

– Mid tibia lacking prominent bristles (except subapicals). Acrostichal bristles present, multiserial..........19

19. Antenna with postpedicel dark brown, scape and pedicel paler, brownish yellow. Hind femur brownish on apical 2/3 ( China: Guangdong)....................................................... E. nankunshanensis Yang, Grootaert

– Antenna wholly blackish. Hind femur black on apical half.......................................................................20

20. Palpus brown. Tibiae and tarsi dark, wholly brown ( China: Guangxi) .......................................................... ........................................................................................................ E. maoershanensis Yang, Grootaert

– Palpus yellow. Tibiae and tarsi almost wholly yellow, only tarsomere 5 brown ( China: Henan) ................. ..................................................................................................................... E. henanensis Saigusa, Yang

21. Occiput yellow, sometimes with dark spot near neck; rarely light brownish yellow ( E. ferruginea Brunetti )....................................................................................................................................................................22

– Occiput black..............................................................................................................................................42

22. Palpus elongate, strap-like, black on apical third ( Fig. 210 ). Larger (about 3.0 mm) ( Indonesia: Java; Singapore; Cambodia).................................................................................................... E. palpata de Meijere

– Palpus short ovate, wholly yellow. Smaller (about 2.0 mm)......................................................................23

23. Fore tibia with 1–2 short but distinct dorsal bristles...................................................................................24

– Fore tibia lacking dorsal bristles.................................................................................................................28

24. Mid tibia with 1 anterodorsal bristle...........................................................................................................25

– Mid tibia lacking prominent bristles (except subapicals)...........................................................................26

25. Scutellum smoothly arched. Hind tibia with only 1 anterodorsal bristle. Abdominal tergites 4 and 5 with squamiform setae ( Singapore) ......................................................................................... E. bezzii sp. nov.

– Scutellum truncate. Hind tibia with 1 anterodorsal and 2 curved subapical bristles. Abdominal tergites 3, 4 and 5 with squamiform setae ( Singapore) ............................................................... E. combinata sp. nov.

26. Scutum wholly yellow. Hind tibia lacking prominent bristles ( Sri Lanka) ........ E. distincta Senior-White

– Scutum with indistinct brownish patch above wing base. Hind tibia with 1 anterodorsal and 1 short straight subapical bristle.............................................................................................................................27

27. Anterior ocellar bristles long, posterior ocellars minute. Tarsomere 5 of all legs brown ( Singapore) .......... .............................................................................................................................................. E. ngi sp. nov.

– Anterior and posterior ocellar bristles subequally moderately long. Legs wholly yellow ( Singapore) ........ ...................................................................................................................................... E. spicata sp. nov.

28. Hind tibia lacking prominent bristles.........................................................................................................29

– Hind tibia with curved subapical bristle(s), or with anterodorsal bristle(s) in middle...............................31

29. Scutum uniformly yellow. Scutellum blackish. Halter pale yellow ( India: W Bengal) ................................. ................................................................................................................................ E. ferruginea Brunetti

– Scutum with brownish patch on each side. Scutellum yellow. Halter with dark knob..............................30 [ Elaphropeza sp. 50 known only from the female belongs here]

30. Scutum with short narrow patch above wing base. Mesopleuron with large brown spot ( Singapore) ......... ................................................................................................................................. E. benitotani sp. nov. – Scutum with brownish patch just behind anterior corner. Mesopleuron yellow ( Singapore) ........................ ................................................................................................................................... E. sylvicola sp. nov.

31. Hind tibia with curved subapical bristle(s), no anterodorsal bristle(s) in middle.......................................32

– Hind tibia without curved subapical bristle(s) but with anterodorsal bristle(s) in middle part (rarely, E. luteoides sp. nov., short straight subapical bristle present).........................................................................37

32. Hind tibia with 1 curved subapical bristle..................................................................................................33

– Hind tibia with 2 curved subapical bristles.................................................................................................34

33. Scutellum smoothly arched ( Singapore) ................................................................... E. flavicaput sp. nov.

– Scutellum truncate at apex ( Singapore) ................................................................ E. monacantha sp. nov.

34. Wing darkened on basal half. Hind femur brown on apical 2\3 .................................................................35

– Wing uniformly finely infuscate. Hind femur wholly yellow ....................................................................36

35. Scutum broadly brown along margin but yellow on prescutellar depression. Wing brownish infuscate on basal half ( Fig. 256 ), border between darker basal half and paler apical half indistinct ( Singapore) ........... ....................................................................................................................................... E. spiralis sp. nov.

– Scutum with brownish patch on anterior corner, otherwise yellow. Wing yellowish infuscate on apical half, border between darker basal half and paler apical half distinct, ( Fig. 255 ) ( Singapore) ....................... ........................................................................................................................................... E. yangi sp. nov.

36. Scutum with 2 elongate brownish spots on each side ( Singapore) ........................... E. melanderi sp. nov.

– Scutum uniformly yellow ( Philippines, Singapore) .......................................... E. biuncinata (Melander) [ Elaphropeza sp. 57 known only from the female belongs here]

37. Hind tibia with 1 anterodorsal bristle.........................................................................................................38

– Hind tibia with 2 (sometimes 3) anterodorsal bristles in middle................................................................40

38. Scutellum, metanotum and metapleuron black (Taiwan) ...................................... E. xanthocephala Bezzi

– Thorax wholly yellow.................................................................................................................................39

39. Antenna with postpedicel yellow. Halter with dark knob ( Singapore) ....................... E. luteoides sp. nov.

– Antenna with postpedicel brown. Halter yellow ( Indonesia: Java)............................. E. lutea (de Meijere)

40. Postpedicel yellow. Thorax wholly yellow to reddish yellow. Acrostichals biserial ( Nepal) ........................ .............................................................................................................................................. E. coei(Smith)

– Postpedicel black. Thorax with hypopleuron and scutellum black. Acrostichals multiserial....................41

41. Fore tibia and all tarsi (except hind basitarsus) brownish. Metapleuron yellow ( Sri Lanka) ........................ .................................................................................................................. E. nigropunctata Senior-White

– Legs wholly yellow. Metapleuron brown ( Nepal) .......................................................... E. ukhalo (Smith)

42. Wing with more or less distinct pattern......................................................................................................43

– Wing hyaline or uniformly infuscate..........................................................................................................44

43. Thorax brown, except prosternum, entire pleura and postalar callus yellow. Hind tibia lacking prominent bristles. Wing darkened on basal half (darker in middle of cell r1 and in basal part of cell r2+3), otherwise almost hyaline ( Singapore) ................................................................................. E. pluriacantha sp. nov.

– Thorax wholly yellow. Hind tibia with 3 anterodorsal bristles. Wing brownish infuscate, darker near middle of anterior margin ( Sri Lanka) ................................................................ E. fulvithorax van der Wulp

44. Hind tibia lacking prominent bristles.........................................................................................................45

– Hind tibia with subapical bristle(s) and/or with anterodorsal bristle(s)......................................................49

45. Cross-vein bm-cu strongly oblique. Scutum with blackish spot above wing base and median vitta in anterior part ( Indonesia: Java) .............................................................................. E. obliquinervis de Meijere

– Cross-vein bm-cu transverse or somewhat oblique. Scutum uniformly coloured or with different pattern.......................................................................................................................................................................46

46. Scutum uniformly coloured........................................................................................................................47

– Scutum with distinct pattern.......................................................................................................................48 47. Style thickly pubescent. Thorax ferruginous. Abdominal tergites 3, 4 and 5 with squamiform setae ( Sri Lanka)........................................................................................................... E. plumicornis Senior-White

– Style normally pubescent. Thorax yellow. Abdominal tergites 4 and 5 with squamiform setae ( Singapore) ................................................................................................................................... E. sivasothii sp. nov.

48. Scutum broadly brown along margin but yellow on prescutellar depression. Male: mid femur with ventral tubercle near base ( Malaysia: P. Tioman) .............................................................. E. tiomanensis sp. nov.

– Scutum with broad brown median vitta. Mid femur slender in both sexes ................... E. acanthi sp. nov. [ Elaphropeza sp. 58 known only from the female belongs here]

49. Hind tibia with curved subapical bristle(s), no anterodorsal bristle(s).......................................................50

– Hind tibia without curved subapical bristles, but with anterodorsal bristle(s) in middle part....................54

50. Hind tibia with 1 strong, black, curved subapical bristle............................................................................51

– Hind tibia with 2 strong, black, curved subapical bristles..........................................................................52

51. Metanotum wholly brown ( Singapore) .................................................................. E. crassicercus sp. nov.

– Metanotum largely yellow ( Singapore) ........................................................................... E. luanae sp. nov. [ Elaphropeza sp. 46 known only from the female belongs here]

52. Scutum with brownish spot above wing base ( Sri Lanka)........................... E. notatithorax Senior-White

– Scutum uniformly yellow...........................................................................................................................53

53. Style 4.0–4.5 times as long as postpedicel. Metanotum brownish yellow to brownish ( Indonesia: Java; Singapore; Malaysia; Thailand).......................................................................... E. hirsutitibia de Meijere

– Style nearly 2.0 times as long as postpedicel. Metanotum yellow ( Singapore) ......... E. murphyi sp. nov.

54. Hind tibia with 1 anterodorsal bristle.........................................................................................................55

– Hind tibia with 2 anterodorsal bristles........................................................................................................72

55. Scutum patterned.........................................................................................................................................56

– Scutum wholly yellow................................................................................................................................60

56. Abdominal sternite 4 with 2 tubercles. Elongate brownish patch on anterior corner of scutum and above notopleuron. Scutellum wholly yellow ( Singapore) ................................................ E. bulohensis sp. nov.

– Abdominal sternite 4 ordinary. Scutum with different pattern. Scutellum wholly or in middle dark brown.....................................................................................................................................................................57

57. Scutellum dark brown in middle. Scutum with dark brown median vitta abbreviated behind and spot above notopleuron ( Philippines) ........................................................................................... E. uniseta Melander

– Scutellum wholly brown to black. Scutum with different pattern..............................................................58

58. Postpedicel long, about 5.0 times longer than wide. Scutum with small brownish patch above wing base including postalar callus ( Singapore) .......................................................................... E. riatanae sp. nov.

– Postpedicel shorter, 2.0–3.0 times longer than wide. Scutum with complicated pattern...........................59

59. Antenna brownish yellow. Hind tarsomere 1 with a spine-like ventral bristle near base. Veins R4+5 and M1+2 somewhat divergent near wing apex. Smaller (about 2.0 mm) ( Singapore)... E. monospina sp. nov.

– Antenna with scape and pedicel yellow, postpedicel black. Hind tarsomere 1 with unmodified setation. Veins R4+5 and M1+2 parallel near wing apex. Larger (2.8–3.3 mm) (Taiwan) ........ E. pictithorax Bezzi

60. Hind tibia with long pointed apical projection. Scutellum and metanotum brown. Acrostichal and dorsocentral bristles multiserial. Halter yellow (Taiwan) .................................................... E. calcarifera Bezzi

– Hind tibia with short, rounded apical projection. Different combination of characters.............................61

61. Scutellum wholly yellow............................................................................................................................62

– Scutellum largely brown or black...............................................................................................................65

62. Acrostichal and dorsocentral bristles multiserial, extending to base of scutellum. Halter darkened.........63

– Acrostichal bristles biserial, disappearing before prescutellar depression; dorsocentrals uniserial, reaching scutellum. Halter yellow.............................................................................................................................64 63. Postpedicel about 6.0 times longer than wide. Metanotum reddish-yellow ( Singapore) .............................. .................................................................................................................................... E. asiophila sp. nov.

– Postpedicel about 4.5 times longer than wide. Metanotum brownish ( Singapore) .... E. ubinensis sp. nov. [ Elaphropeza sp. 49 known only from the female belongs here]

64. Metanotum yellow. Female: segment 8 with 3 long bristles posteriorly ( Singapore) ................................... ................................................................................................................................ E. malayensis sp. nov.

– Metanotum brown in middle. Female: segment 8 with scattered short setulae ( Singapore) ......................... ........................................................................................................................................... E. furca sp. nov.

65. Scutellum brown medially. Style as long as scape, pedicel and postpedicel combined (Taiwan) .................. ...................................................................................................................................... E. marginalis Bezzi

– Scutellum wholly brown or black...............................................................................................................66

66. Style at least 2 times as long as scape, pedicel and postpedicel combined................................................67

– Style about as long as scape, pedicel and postpedicel combined ...............................................................69

67. Thorax with hypopleuron largely brown. Halter with dark knob ( Singapore) ............ E. singulata sp. nov.

– Thorax with hypopleuron yellow. Halter yellow........................................................................................68

68. Antennal style thick, with densely long pubescence. Veins R4+5 and M1+2 divergent near wing-apex. Smaller (about 1.5 mm) ( Philippines) .................................................................... E. aristalis (Melander)

– Antennal style with normal pubescence. Veins R4+5 and M1+2 parallel near wing-apex. Larger (2.5–2.7 mm) (Taiwan) ................................................................................................................... E. kerteszi Bezzi

69. Legs with fore tibia and tarsus wholly brown, hind femur near apex above brownish ( Singapore) .............. ..................................................................................................................................... E. riatanae sp. nov.

– Legs only with tarsomere 5 brown.............................................................................................................70

70. Acrostichal bristles biserial, lacking from prescutellar depression. Wing with crossvein bm-cu oblique ( Singapore) .................................................................................................................. E. feminata sp. nov.

– Acrostichal bristles multiserial, extending to base of scutellum. Wing with crossvein bm-cu transverse .........................................................................................................................................................................71

71. Antenna wholly yellow ( Singapore) ............................................................................ E. modesta sp. nov.

– Antenna with scape and pedicel yellow, postpedicel brown (Taiwan) .......................... E. melanura Bezzi

72. Scutum wholly yellow................................................................................................................................73

– Scutum with more or less distinct pattern...................................................................................................80

73. Scutellum with black spot in middle or wholly black................................................................................74

– Scutellum wholly yellow............................................................................................................................75

74. Scutellum wholly black. Hind tibia with 2 posterodorsal bristles in middle .............. E. demeijeri sp. nov.

– Scutellum with black spot in middle. Hind tibia lacking posterodorsal bristles (Taiwan) ............................. ...................................................................................................................................... E. scutellaris Bezzi

75. Halter dark..................................................................................................................................................76

– Halter pale yellow.......................................................................................................................................77

76. Fore tibia with 1 short anterodorsal bristle. Metanotum brown medially. Wing with veins R2+3, R4+5 and M1+2 dark brown ( Singapore) ......................................................................................... E. asexa sp. nov.

– Fore tibia lacking prominent anterodorsal bristles. Metanotum wholly yellow. Wing with veins yellowish to brownish yellow ( Philippines; Singapore; Malaysia)...................................... E. bicaudata (Melander)

77. Legs with tibiae and tarsi brownish............................................................................................................78

– Legs with tarsomere 5 blackish..................................................................................................................79

78. Metapleuron wholly reddish yellow ( Nepal)................................................................. E. litoralis (Smith)

– Metapleuron blackish on upper part ( Sri Lanka).................................. E. abdominenotata Senior-White

79. Veins R4+5 and M1+2 divergent near wing apex ( Philippines)....................... E. acrodactyla (Melander)

– Veins R4+5 and M1+2 parallel near wing apex (Taiwan) .............................................. E. formosae Bezzi 80. Scutellum wholly yellow. Scutum with single, more or less distinct spot on each side (except E. equalis sp. nov. and, sometimes, E. variata (Melander) .........................................................................................81

– Scutellum wholly black or with black spot in middle. Scutum with different pattern (except E. scutellaris Bezzi )..........................................................................................................................................................88

81. Antennal style very thick, with densely long pubescence..........................................................................82

– Antennal style with normal pubescence.....................................................................................................83

82. Mid tibia with 1 anterodorsal bristle at middle. Legs with fore tarsomeres 2–5 and mid and hind tarsomere 5 black ( Nepal) .................................................................................................................. E. uralo (Smith)

– Mid tibia lacking prominent bristles (except subapicals). Legs wholly yellow ( Philippines)........................ ......................................................................................................................... E. cuneipennis (Melander)

83. Halter with dark knob..................................................................................................................................84

– Halter yellow..............................................................................................................................................85

84. Hind tarsomere 1 with tooth and bristle at base. Scutal spots rounded ( Sri Lanka)... E. metatarsata Bezzi

– Hind tarsomere 1 unmodified. Scutal spots subtriangular, longer than wide ( Indonesia: Java).................... ............................................................................................................................. E. binotata (de Meijere)

85. Sternopleuron and hypopleuron with brownish patch on lower part..........................................................86

– Sternopleuron and hypopleuron yellow......................................................................................................87

86. Mesonotum with large elliptical black spot above wing base. Hind tarsomere 5 long slender ( Nepal)......... .................................................................................................................................. E. sanguensis (Smith)

– Mesonotum with brownish spot on notopleuron, postalar callus and before scutellum on line of dorsocentral bristles. Hind tarsomere 5 somewhat thickened ( Singapore) .................................. E. equalis sp. nov.

87. Fore and mid tibiae and almost entire tarsi of all legs dark brown, tarsomere 5 black ( China: Guangxi) .... ............................................................................................................................. E. anae Yang, Gaimari

– Legs wholly yellow ( Burma, India)......................................................................... E. variata (Melander)

88. Hind tibia with long sharply pointed apical projection. Scutum with complicated pattern. Hind tibia and tarsus dark brown (Taiwan) ................................................................................ E. longicalcaris (Saigusa)

– Hind tibia with hardly prominent, more or less rounded projection. Scutum with simple pattern. Hind tibia and tarsus yellow........................................................................................................................................89

89. Scutellum wholly black..............................................................................................................................90

– Scutellum with black spot in middle..........................................................................................................91

90. Scutum with broad black vitta running to base of scutellum (Taiwan) ....................... E. lanuginosa Bezzi

– Scutum black in middle ( India: Maharashtra) ........................................................... E. discoidalis (Bezzi)

91. Antenna with style about 4.0 times longer than wide. Scutum with distinct median vitta disappearing before prescutellar depression and elongate lateral spots ( Indonesia: Java) ............ E. lineola de Meijere

– Antenna with style about 2.5 times longer than wide. Scutum with indistinct lateral spots and indistinct vitta on anterior margin (Taiwan) ................................................................................. E. scutellaris Bezzi [ Elaphropeza sp. 44 known only from the female belongs here]

Figures

FIGURES 253-259. Wings. 253. Elaphropeza singaporensis sp. nov. 254. E. pluriacantha sp. nov. 255. E. yangi sp. nov. 256. E. spiralis sp. nov. 257. E. bicaudata. 258. E. biuncinata. 259. E. hirsutitibia. 260-261. E. palpata.

FIGURES 209–211. 209. Elaphropeza biuncinata: mouthparts. 210. E. palpata: head. 211. E. biuncinata pleura. Abbreviations: cx1: fore coxa; cx2: mid coxa; cx3: hind coxa; hypl: hypopleuron (= meron); mpl: mesopleuron (= anepisternum); mtn: metanotum (= postnotum); ptpl: pteropleuron (anepimeron); sc: scutellum; stpl: sternopleuron (= katepisternum).