Elaphropeza hirsutitibia de Meijere, 1914

SHAMSHEV, IGOR V. & GROOTAERT, PATRICK, 2007, Revision of the genus Elaphropeza Macquart (Diptera: Hybotidae) from the Oriental Region, with a special attention to the fauna of Singapore, Zootaxa 1488 (1), pp. 1-164 : 19-21

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.1488.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7D9B48C3-B60D-4FB3-A58E-696A171C0249
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F0697A-FFC1-FFF7-9CC0-C7628AA0FB7C
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Elaphropeza hirsutitibia de Meijere, 1914
status

Treatment

( Figs. 10–13 View FIGURES 10–13 , 259 View FIGURES 253-259 )

? Drapetis bihamata Bezzi View in CoL : de Meijere, 1911: 332.

Elaphropeza hirsutitibia de Meijere, 1914: 75 (female).

Re-description. Male (described for the first time). Body length 2.1–2.3 mm, wing length 1.7–1.8 mm. Occiput wholly black, subshining, with yellow to brownish yellow setation. Anterior ocellars long, proclinate; posterior ocellars minute. Inner verticals very long, outer ones hardly prominent. Frons subshining, short. Antenna ( Fig 10 View FIGURES 10–13 ) with scape and pedicel yellow (sometimes brownish yellow), postpedicel brownish. Pedicel with circlet of subequally short setulae. Postpedicel 2.3–2.6 times longer than wide (2.3 times in holotype). Style normally pubescent, brown, 4.0–4.5 (holotype 4.0) longer than postpedicel, about 2.5 times as long as scape, pedicel and postpedicel combined. Proboscis brownish yellow. Palpus yellow, small, rounded, with scattered brownish yellow setulae, bearing 1 longer and darker subapical seta.

Thorax almost wholly yellow, shining, with yellow to brownish yellow bristles; hypopleuron and sternopleuron with small brownish patch in lower part (lacking in paler specimens), metanotum varying from yellowish brown to brown (in holotype brownish yellow). Prothoracic episterna with 1 long upturned bristle just above fore coxa and 1 short bristle in upper part. Postpronotal bristle not prominent. Mesonotum with 2 notopleural, 1 very short postsutural supra-alar, 1 similar postalar and 4 scutellar bristles (inner ones very long, cruciate; outer ones very short). Acrostichals and dorsocentrals multiserial, uniform (except for 1 pair of long prescutellars), extending to base of scutellum.

Legs wholly yellow (sometimes tarsomere 5 brownish yellow), mostly with yellow to brownish yellow setation. Coxae and trochanters with unmodified setation. Fore and hind femora and tibiae somewhat thickened. Fore femur with hardly prominent rows of antero- and posteroventral bristles and 2 long bristles near base. Fore tibia lacking prominent bristles (except subapicals). Mid femur with 2 rows of spinule-like, short, ventral bristles (becoming shorter in apical part of femur), 1 long thin bristle near base and 1 anterior subapical bristle. Mid tibia with 1 row of black ventral spinules in apical part, lacking prominent bristles (except subapicals). Hind femur with 1 row of short anteroventrals and 3–4 erect dorsal bristles near base. Hind tibia bearing 2 black curved subapical anteroventral bristles; apical projection small, rounded, clothed in dense brownish setulae. Tarsi of all legs unmodified, with unmodified setation.

Wing ( Fig. 259 View FIGURES 253-259 ) normally developed, uniformly finely infuscate, covered with uniform microtrichia; veins yellowish to brownish yellow. Costal vein with moderately long setulae along anterior margin. Basal costal bristle long, brownish. Costal index: 43/29/24/14. Vein Rs somewhat longer than crossvein bm-cu. Vein R2+3 almost straight. Veins R4+5 and M1+2 somewhat divergent near wing apex, both straight. Vein CuA1 reaching wing margin. Vein A1 present as fold. Crossvein bm-cu oblique. Crossvein r-m near middle of cell bm. Halter darkened.

Abdomen. Tergite 1 with very narrow brownish spaces laterally. Tergite 2 deeply broadly concave on anterior margin, broader laterally; with scattered, brownish, unmodified setae. Tergite 3 broadest, subrectangular, with squamiform setae. Tergite 4 in middle about 2 times narrower than tergite 3, with squamiform setae. Tergite 5 very narrow, in middle about 2 times narrower than tergite 4, with squamiform setae. Tergites 6 and 7 somewhat paler, unmodified; tergite 6 with moderately long, tergite 7 with long posteromarginal bristles. Tergite 8 unmodified. Sternites largely yellowish, sternites 6–8 yellowish brown, sternites 3–5 divided along midline, with scattered setulae. Gland-like structures present between tergites 3–4 and 4–5.

Terminalia ( Figs. 11–13 View FIGURES 10–13 ) large, brownish yellow. Cerci separated; left cercus unbranched, short, with numerous moderately long bristles; right cercus narrow, with few moderately long bristles. Epandrium completely divided. Right epandrial lamella subtriangular, covered with numerous bristles of different lengths. Right surstylus strongly prominent, small, as in Fig. 12 View FIGURES 10–13 , covered with numerous short bristles. Left epandrial lamella fused to hypandrium, with several bristles of different lengths apically. Left surstylus with upper lobe large, almost broad-ovalate, with long unmodified marginal bristles. Hypandrium with 2 long strong apical bristles. Phallus very long, coiled. One rod-shaped apodeme.

Female. Body length 2.2–2.4 (1.7 in holotype) mm, wing length 1.8–2.0 (1.9 in holotype) mm. Mid tibia lacking ventral spinules. Abdominal segment 8 short, with sclerites fused antero-laterally, sternite 8 not folded apically. Cercus brownish yellow. Otherwise as in male.

Type material examined. Female holotype labelled: [female] [red label] Elaphropeza / hirsutitibia / de Meijere, 1914 / ZMAN type DIPT.0480.1; El. hirsutitibia [hand-written] / det. de Meijere / Type [hand-written]; Ba Tavia / x.07 / Jacobson [all hand-written] ( ZMAN).

De Meijere (1911) first identified this species as D. bihamata Bezzi (known from Papua New Guinea only) but with a question mark indicating some differences. Later, when he obtained additional specimens, de Meijere (1914) named its as a separate species. The holotype is currently in good condition and deposited in ZMAN.

Additional material examined. MALAYSIA, 1 ♂, Langkawi , Burau, 3 September 2005, stream, sweeping (reg. 25326, leg. PG) ; 6 ♂♂, Pulau Tioman , Juara, 20 July 2005, river, sweeping (reg. 25246, leg. PG) ; 1 ♂, Pulau Tioman , Monkey Bay, 14 July 2005, beach, sweeping (reg. 25216, leg. PG, E-13) .

SINGAPORE, 5 ♂♂, Chek Jawa , 21 September 2005, mangrove, sweeping (reg. 25356, leg. PG) ; 5 ♂♂, Bukit Timah , 4 December 2002, rain forest; primary, sweeping (reg. 22050, leg. PG) ; 2 ♂♂, Bukit Timah , 11 March 2005, rain forest, sweeping (reg. 25011, leg. PG) ; 1 ♂, Bukit Timah , 5 August 2005, rain forest, Mal (reg. 25278, leg. PG) ; 1 ♂, Bukit Timah , 19 August 2005, rain forest, Mal (reg. 25301, leg. PG) ; 1 ♂, Bukit Timah , 7 September 2005, rain forest, sweeping (reg. 25330, leg. PG) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Bukit Timah , 16 September 2005, rain forest, Mal 2 (reg. 25347, leg. PG) ; 1 ♂, Bukit Timah , 23 September 2005, rain forest, Mal 2 (reg. 25358, leg. PG) ; 2 ♀♀, Kent Ridge Park , 24 April 2005, drains, sweeping (reg. 25086, leg. PG) ; 1 ♂, Seletar , 26 November 2003, swampy grassland, sweeping (reg. 23088, leg. PG) ; 1 ♂, Seletar , 2 November 2005, swamp forest, sweeping (reg. 25410, leg. PG) ; 1 ♂, Sungei Buloh , 18 November 2005, mangrove, Mal 1 (reg. 25425, leg. PG) .

THAILAND: 6 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Petchaburi prov. Huai Sat Yai (near Cha-am), 20 March 2001, secondary rain forest (reg. 21004, leg. PG, RBINS) .

Distribution and bionomics. Indonesia (Java), Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand. Eurytopic: forest, mangrove, parks.

Elaphropeza hirsutitibia is widely distributed and is now known from Indonesia: Java (Jakarta), Singapore, and various localities in Malaysia: Pulau Tioman in the South China Sea and Langkawi, an island in the Andaman Sea close to the southern Thai border. The record in Thailand is from Petchaburi Province.

Singapore: Elaphropeza hirsutitibia is found in a wide variety of habitats near beaches, mangrove, secondary and even primary forests. It is not very common (only 12 records) and is generally not very abundant. Much more males are recorded than females, with a sex ratio of 0.1/1. Although there are records from March, the species is more abundant in the second half of the year, as for most other species of Elaphropeza .

Remarks. Elaphropeza hirsutitibia is assigned to a monophyletic lineage including E. biuncinata , E. combinata sp. nov., E. melanderi sp. nov., E. crassicercus sp. nov., E. spiralis sp. nov., E. yangi sp. nov., E. murphyi sp. nov., E. flavicaput sp. nov., E. monacantha sp. nov. and E. luanae sp. nov.. These species share curved subapical bristles on the hind tibia, however, the relationships between them are not quite clear. The main distinguishing features of E. hirsutitibia are indicated in the key.