Monacha (Monacha) solidior (MOUSSON 1863)

Irikov, A., 2008, Genus Monacha FITZINGER 1833 in Bulgaria (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Hygromiidae), Linzer biologische Beiträge 40 (1), pp. 785-811 : 795-796

Monacha (Monacha) solidior (MOUSSON 1863)

1863 Helix schuberti var. solidior MOUSSON : 369. Locus typicus " Bursa ", Turkey.

1965 Monacha carascaloides HUDEC : 14.

1967 Monacha (Monacha) carascaloides HUDEC : 82, fig. 6 (wrongly replaced text with fig. 5). 1968 Monacha (Monacha) carascaloides PINTER L. : 220, 224, fig. 7-8, fig. 70-72.

1973 Monacha (Monacha) pilosa HUDEC & VASATKO. 19, fig. 15, pl. 3, fig. 2.

1975 Monacha carascaloides DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV. 364, fig. 293-294.

2000b Monacha (Monacha) solidior HAUSDORF : 100, fig. 37, pl. 8 fig. 40, table 8, map.4.

Distribution of M. solidior in Bulgaria ( Map 6 ): JAECKEL, KLEMM & MEISE (1957): M. carascaloides : Bulgaria; URBANSKI (1960b): M. (M.) carascaloides: Tsarevo (= former name Michurin) (NG66-67); URBANSKI (1960c): M. (M.) carascaloides: Provadija (NH37-38), Kaspichan (NH19), Ropotamo River (? NG58-68); HUDEC (1965): M. carascaloides: Drujba , north of Varna (NH78); URBANSKI & WIKTOR (1967): M. carascaloides: Ropotamo River (? NG58-68); HUDEC (1967): M. carascaloides: Black Sea Coast by Varna (NH78-88), Zlatni Pyasatsi (NH89); PINTER L. (1968): M. (M.) carascaloides : Varna (NH78); Damjanov & Pinter L. (1969): the outfall of Ropotamo River, right riverside (NG58-68); PINTER I. & L. PINTER (1970): M. (M.) carascaloides: Aladzha Monastery (NH89), Arkutino (NG58), Balchik (NJ90), Beloslav (NH58), Kamchiya River (? NH66-76), Tsarevo (= former name Michurin) (NG66-67), Ropotamo River (? NG58-68), Sliven (MH42), Zlatni Pyasatsi (NH89); HUDEC & VASATKO (1971): M. (M.) carascaloides: Sozopol (NG59), Arkutino (NG58), Ropotamo River (? NG58-68), Emine Foreland (? NH62-63-72-73)), Vratnik Pass in Eastern Stara Planina Mountains (MH34), Trite Bratya in Aitoska Planina Mountains (NH22), Aitoska Planina north from Aitos NH13-23), Sinite Kamani north from Sliven (MH42); HUDEC & VASATKO (1973): M. (M.) pilosa: Slanchev Bryag (NH52); DAMJANOV & LIKHAREV (1975): M. carascaloides: Black Sea Coast, Trakiya Lowland and north by Stara Planina Mountains; KÖRNIG (1983): M. carascaloides: Kranevo (NH89-NJ80), Sozopol (NG59), Arkutino (NG58), meadow by Ropotamo River (NG68), Kiten (NG67), Bosna Upland in Strandza Planina Mountain (NG37); HAUSDORF (2000b): M. (M.) solidior: Bulgaria; IRIKOV & GEORGIEV (2002): M. carascaloides : Stara Zagora (LG89), Sredna Gora Mountain, north from Stara Zagora (LH80); HUBENOV (2005b), M. carascaloides: Transition area, Trakiiska Nizina Lowland, Black Sea Coast; GEORGIEV (2005): M. carascaloides: Surnena Sredna Gora Mountain, Oriahovitsa (MH00), Edrevo (MH01), Kolena and Dalboki (LH90), north from Stara Zagora town (LH80), Ostra Mogila (LH70), Starozagorski Bani resort complex (LH70), wrongly noticed by the author with a code (LH79), Stojan Zaimovo (LG69), Rozovets (LH40).

Researched material ( Map 6 ): South Black Sea Coast : sand beach Arkutino, near by marsh-reserve Arkutino, between Sozopol and Primorsko ( NG58 ), 2-3 m alt., 57 specimens, 23.06.2006, leg. IRIKOV ; sand beach north from outfall of Ropotamo River ( NG58-68 ), 1-2 m alt., 3 specimens, 26.06.2004, leg. IRIKOV ; Tsarevo , beach "Popski plaj" ( NG67 ), 1.5 m alt., 2 specimens, 2.06.2005, leg. MOLLOV .

Shell (Fig. 11): Measurements (n =57), D: 13.5-17.0 mm, x = 15.7; H: 10.0- 12.3 mm, x = 11.0 mm; D/H = 1.41-1.53 mm, x = 1.44 mm.

Genitalia (Fig. 5): The measurements of some sections of the genitalia are compiled in Table 2 and the variation of the proportions of some sections of the genitalia is presented in Table 3.

Vertical distribution: In Bulgaria from 0 m alt. to 400-600 m alt. nearly in the Mountains.

Ecological data: In the area of Arcutino the species is occurs on the Black Sea Coast among sands dunes. The ecological conditions during the summer season are extremal, strongly expressed xerotermics around the sand surface, but sometimes there is typical a high aerial humidity over the dunes because of proximity of the sea. The winter is soft with a little snow and relatively high temperatures. The animals are met mostly among microhabitats of psamophityc and halophilyc grassy vegetation. During the unactive periods in the summer (at time of a long dry, high temperatures in the day, low aerial humidity) and in the winter, the animals are agregate in the base of the stems, under the leaves of the plants. The leaves with a rosette-form are peculiar umbrellas, ensure more optimal microclimatic conditions under them. The psamophityc plant absorbs minimum amounts of dampness even, creating around the succulent and deeply situated in the sand roots a zone with a higher moisture. There the sand in the base of the stem unseldom remains moist even in prolonged summer dryness and heat. Hereupon the animals are concentrated to the base of stems or are buried around the rooth sometime at a long depth.

The move of animals on the dunes is facilitated by the presence of moss, covering a sizable part of sands.

Xerophilic, thermophilic, drought-resistant species.

Zoogeography: Asia Minor subelement, Subiranian element, Soutwestern Asiatic complex.

Figures

Map 6. Distribution of Monacha (Monacha) solidior (Mousson 1863) (UTM-grid, 10 km-squares).