Heterodermia isidiophora (Vain.) Swinscow & Krog, 2015

Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Meesim, Sanya, Poengsungnoen, Vasun, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Schumm, Felix & Kalb, Klaus, 2015, The lichen family Physciaceae in Thailand-II. Contributions to the genus Heterodermia sensu lato, Phytotaxa 235 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

8. Heterodermia isidiophora (Vain.) Swinscow & Krog , comb. nov. (1976) ut (Vainio) Awasthi ( Fig. 7E ). Mycobank MB 814604

Basionym: Anaptychia isidiophora Vain. , sp. nov. (1901) ut (Nyl.) Wain.

Physcia domingensis f. isidiophora Nyl., Acta Soc. Sci. Fennicae 7: 440 (1863). Type:— COLOMBIA. Bogota, ad saxa locis subumbrosis, Lindig 2534 (holotype H); Anaptychia isidiophora (Nyl.) Vain., Cat. Afric. Plants 2(2): 409 (1901). Not Physcia speciosa var. hypoleuca f. isidiophora Nyl. (1860: 417) ; see remarks under H. granulifera .

Thallus foliose, orbicular to irregularly spreading, loosely adnate, forming extensive colonies to 20 cm wide. Lobes 0.7–2.5 mm wide, ± plane, sublinear-elongate, sympodially or irregularly branched, ± discrete to contiguous at the periphery, with short lateral lobes; apices not ascending, eciliate. Upper surface whitish gray, esorediate, isidiate;

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isidia marginal and ± laminal, cylindrical or occasionally somewhat flattened, simple to coralloid-branched. Medulla white. Lower surface corticate, white to grayish to pale brown near the centre. Rhizines numerous, concolorous with the thallus or becoming dark to brown-black towards the apices, irregularly branched, mainly marginal, forming a dense black mat. Apothecia rare, laminal, adnate to substipitate 1.5–5.0 mm wide; margin isidiate; disc concave, brown to brown-black, epruinose. Ascospores Pachysporaria - type, ellipsoidal, 21–31 × 12–17 µm. Pycnidia rare, immersed; conidia bacilliform, 4–6 × 1 µm.

Chemistry: Cortex K+ yellow, C–, KC–, P+ yellow; medulla K+ yellow, C–, P–; containing atranorin (major), zeorin (major), 16β-acetoxyhopane-6α,22-diol (major), 6α-acetoxyhopane- 16β,22-diol (minor or trace), leucotylin (minor), 6α,16β-diacetoxyhopane-22-ol (minor or trace).

Nomenclature notes:— Vainio (1901: 409) did not refer to Physcia speciosa f. isidiophora Nyl. as basionym, Syn. Meth. Lich. 1(2): 417 (1860) as indicated by Kurokawa (1962) and some subsequent authors (see remark under P. granulifera ), but to Physcia domingensis f. isidiophora Nyl., Acta Soc. Sci. Fennicae 7: 440 (1863), and he explicitly described the differences between Anaptychia isidiophora and A. granulifera . Nevertheless there exists some ambiguity about the basionym, because it was not listed directly below the new combination as in all of his other new combinations, but after the description. However, when describing new species in this paper, Vainio always added sp.n. after the new name and this is not the case with Anaptychia isidiophora . Furthermore, Vainio published the name as Anaptychia isidiophora (Nyl.) Vain. and thus indicated that he was making a new combination and not describing the new species Anaptychia isidiophora Vain.

Distribution and habitat:—Occurs on bark of unidentified trees and, more rarely, on rocks in hill evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest and lower montane forest from 880–1595 m above sea level; also in Australia, Central and South America, Africa, Asia and New Zealand.

Remarks:—This species is characterized by the laminal and marginal, simple to coralloid-branched isidia, the corticate lower surface with concolorous to brown-black rhizines and the lack of depsidones.

Material from Thailand examined:— Chiang Mai: Doi Inthanon National Park, along trail to Siriphum waterfall, in hill evergreen forest, on bark of unidentified tree, 1320 m, 18°32'50'' N, 98°30'56'' E, 9 September 2005, N . Juntawong RU-NJ 273, ( RAMK 21587 ); Loei: Phuluang Wildlife Sanctuary, Phuluang Wildlife Research Station , area of Maenam Sarn , in mixed deciduous forest, on rock, 880 m, 17°20'36'' N, 1ss 1°30'17'' E, 11 November 2009, S . Meesim & K . Buaruang , RU-MS 0289, ( RAMK 20976 ); ibid., S . Meesim & K . Buaruang , RU-MS 0290, ( RAMK 20977 ); ibid., S . Meesim & K . Buaruang, RU-MS 0093, ( RAMK 20923 ); Phitsanulok: Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park, along trail area the Tub Boek , in lower montane forest, on bark of unidentified tree, 1595 m, 16°55'33'' N, 101°05'58'' E, 1 April 2004, T . Diagsa, RU-TD 17/1, ( RAMK 21598 ); ibid., P. Mongkolsuk RU-PM 261, ( RAMK 21588 ); Kamphaeng Phet: Maewong, along trail Chong Yen , in hill evergreen forest, on bark of unidentified tree, 1340 m, 16°06'03.42'' N, 99°06'26.95'' E, 2 May 2006, S . Meesim RU-MW 5, ( RAMK 21849 ) .

Heterodermia isidiophorella Elix, Australas. Lichenol. 69: 13 (2011b) ( Fig. 7F )

Type: AUSTRALIA. Queensland; Cook district, Mt. Windsor Tableland , 45 km NW of Mossman, 1200 m, 16°15' S, 145°01' E, on Flindersia in stunted open rainforest, J . A . Elix 16465 (holotype CANB!) .

Thallus small-foliose, orbicular to irregularly spreading, adnate, 2–5 cm wide. Lobes 0.15–0.5 mm wide, ± plane, sublinear-elongate, sympodially or irregularly branched, ± discrete to contiguous at the periphery, with short lateral lobes; apices slightly ascending and recurved, showing the sorediate-granular lower surface, eciliate. Upper surface whitish gray, phyllidiate; phyllidia marginal, flat, simple to sparingly branched, eventually becoming granular and appearing sorediate-isidiate-granular. Medulla white. Lower surface corticate, becoming ecorticate at the periphery or only with corticated strands, white to pale tan or brown near the centre. Marginal rhizines and lower surface rhizines white, concolorous with the thallus or becoming pale to dark brown towards the apices, simple to irregularly branched, numerous, 0.5–1.0 mm long, ± projecting beyond the lobe margins. Apothecia not seen. Pycnidia immersed; conidia bacilliform, 4–6 × 1 µm.

Chemistry: Cortex K + yellow, C –, KC–, P + yellow; medulla K + yellow, C –, P –; containing atranorin (major), zeorin (major), 6α-acetoxyhopane-16β,22-diol (major), leucotylin (minor or trace), 16β-acetoxyhopane-6α,22-diol (trace), 6α-acetoxy-16β,22-dihydroxyhopane-25-oic acid (trace).

Distribution and habitat:—This rare species occurs on bark, twigs and, rarely, on rocks in Australia where it was considered to be endemic. However, recently we found it in Borneo (K.K.) and the Azores (F.S.). It was reported by v.d. Boom et al. (2011) from Réunion.

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Remarks:— Heterodermia isidiophorella is characterized by the diminutive thallus with very narrow lobes, which are partly peripherally recurved showing the ecorticate and sorediate lower surface with white to brown rhizines and having simple to sparingly branched phyllidia that become granular with age, the partly peripherally recurved lobes showing the ecorticate and sorediate lower surface with white to brown rhizines. H. isidiophorella is very similar to H. koyana , but differs mainly by the lack of dissectic acid and some minor morphological properties, e.g. smaller thalli and smaller lobes. Contrary to the statement regarding presence of isidia in the taxon ( Elix 2011b), these vegetative propagules are generally absent but phyllidia are present, differing from isidia by the lack of a lower cortex.

Specimens examined: MALAYSIA. Borneo: Sabah; Crocker Ranges, Kota Kinabalu National Park , ca. 50 km NE of Kota Kinabalu , in a tropical montane rainforest, 06°09' N, 116°39' E, 1600 m, 2 August 2014, K. Kalb & A. Mertens (hb. Kalb 40473) .— PORTUGAL. Azores: Terceira, junction EN3-1 (from Angra do Heroismo to Biscoitos ) to Veredas , Cryptomeria japonica forest, 38°41.738' N, 27°14.224' W, 400 m, 11 July 2008, F. Schumm (herb. Schumm 14038) .

Figures

FIGURE 7. A. Heterodermia diademata (scale 1 cm). B. Heterodermia dissecta (scale 5 mm). C. Heterodermia firmula (scale 5 mm). D. Heterodermia granulifera (scale 1.5 mm). E. Heterodermia isidiophora (scale 5 mm). F. Heterodermia isidiophorella (scale 2 mm).