Monacha (Monacha) cartusiana (O. F. MuÈller, 1774)

Hausdorf, Bernhard, 2000, genus Monacha in the Western Caucasus Gastropoda: Hygromiidae), Journal of Natural History 34, pp. 1575-1594 : 1585-1586

Monacha (Monacha) cartusiana (O. F. MuÈller, 1774)

(®gures 4, 13, 18)

Helix cartusiana O. F. MuÈller, 1774: 15 . Locus typicus:`Gallia’, France.

Theba (Theba) carthusiana [sic], Likharev and Rammelmeier 1952: 432 [partim].

Monacha (Monacha) carthusiana [sic], Schileyko 1978: 286 [partim].

Shell (®gure 4). Depressed conical±globular; with 4×±5 ½ convex whorls; teleoconch with ®ne growth-ridges; upper whorls with indistinct hair-scars; lower whorls with irregular impressions; whitish or light-brownish corneous; body whorl with a slight blunt edge at the beginning, which disappears towards the aperture, or rounded; aperture elliptical; upper insertion of the peristome usually slightly descending; peristome sharp, hardly expanded, basally almost straight, often brownish, with a strong whitish internal rib; umbilicus very narrow at the beginning, but distinctly enlarged by the last whorl, slightly obscured by the reēcted columellar edge.

Measurements. Rimini ( Italy) (n 5 30): D: 8.1±15.1 mm, x Å 5 12.1 mm; H: 4.7±8.6 mm, x Å 5 7.0 mm; D/H: 1.57±1.89, x Å 5 1.74.

Genitalia (®gure 13). The penial papilla is cylindrical. The shorter, broader basal section of the appendicula is rather well delimited against the long, narrow apical section. There is a distinct bulge at the vagina. The two glandulae mucosae are slightly rami®ed. The bursa of the bursa copulatrix is Ô rounded triangular. The right ommatophoral retractor passes to the left of the genitalia. The measurements of some sections of the genitalia are compiled in table 1 and the variation of the proportions of some sections of the genitalia is compiled in table 2.

Remarks. Monacha cartusiana diOEers from the other Caucasian Monacha species especially in the very narrow umbilicus which is distinctly enlarged by the last whorl.

Monacha cartusiana is most closely related to M. claustralis (Menke, 1828) , from which it cannot be distinguished by shell characters. It diOEers from M. claustralis in the presence of a lateral bulge at the vagina, in the higher epiphallus: penis ratio (1.9±3.5 in M. cartusiana ; 1.0± 2.3 in M. claustralis ) and in the shorter vagina (epiphallus: vagina5 1.5±2.6 in M. cartusiana , epiphallus: vagina5 0.6±1.8 in M. claustralis ).

Distribution and material (®gure 18). Monacha cartusiana is widespread in Southern and Central Europe from the Iberian Peninsula, France and England in the west and the Netherlands in the north to the Balkan Peninsula and the western Caucasus region in the east. Its south-eastern distributional limit is insu ciently known because of confusion with M. claustralis . Monacha cartusiana especially occurs synanthropically. In the Caucasus region it has probably been introduced by man.

Because M. claustralis has not been recorded from the Caucasus region thus far and because all anatomically examined cartusiana -like specimens proved to be M. cartusiana , all shell samples are listed here. However, it cannot be ruled out that M. claustralis has also been introduced into the Caucasus region and that some of the samples that are not anatomically determined actually belong to that species.

Russia. Abrau-Dyurso, CK85 (det. anat.; ZIRAN); Gora Koldun (5 Gora Maskhak) near Novorossiyka, CK94 ( ZMUM 13191); Novorossiyka, DK05 (det. anat; ZIRAN, specimens to Likharev and Rammelmeier 1952; ZMUM 19114); Gelendzhik, DK23 ( ZMUM 13195, 13219); Tuapse, EJ 08 (det. anat.; ZIRAN); Lazarevskoye, EJ 26 (det. anat.; ZIRAN).

Georgia. Akhali Af ’oni (5 Novyy Afon 5 Psirsk), FH 47 ( SMF 71457 partim).