Chalcovietnamicus species

Yu, Kun, Hoang, Quang Duy, Maddison, Wayne P. & Zhang, Junxia, 2023, Review of Chalcovietnamicus Marusik, 1991, with description of four new species (Araneae, Salticidae, Euophryini), Zootaxa 5336 (4), pp. 451-480 : 454-455

Key to Chalcovietnamicus species groups and species

1. Embolus screw-like, without large embolic disc (ED) hidden between palpal bulb and cymbium; retromargin of chelicerae with one large fissidentate tooth of four cusps ( Logunov 2020: figs 5–6)......................................... C. naga

- Embolus not screw-like, with large embolic disc (ED) hidden between palpal bulb and cymbium; retromargin of chelicerae with one bicuspid tooth ( Figs 141–146 )................................................... 2 ( Chalcovietnamicus s. s.)

2. Body with three conspicuous golden setal bands on carapace and dorsal abdomen ( Figs 105–109 ; 118–125); a large apical flag-like embolic apophysis (EA) present on the dorsal side of embolus ( Figs 116–117 , 133–134)....... 3 (vietnamensis- group)

- Body covered with dense khaki setae ( Figs 1–11 , 29–30 , 41–48 , 70–76 , 88–94 ); dorsal side of embolus lacking large apical flag-like embolic apophysis (EA; Figs 60–65 ).................................................. 4 ( daiqini -group)

3. Males with golden setal bands on lateral sides of dorsal carapace ( Wang & Li 2022: fig. 4C); embolus without distal retro-ventral keel (dk; Fig. 117 ); in females, accessory glands (AG) visible in dorsal view of vulva ( Fig. 115 ).............. C. lii

- Males have no golden setal bands of scale setae on lateral sides of dorsal carapace ( Figs 120 , 124 ), embolus with distal retro-ventral keel (dk; Fig. 133 ); in females, accessory glands (AG) invisible in dorsal view of vulva ( Fig. 136 )... C. vietnamensis

4. Median part of embolus bent near 90° in ventral view ( Figs 97 , 101 ); median septum of epigynum obviously raised ( Fig. 99 ); distance between spermathecae longer than diameter of each spermatheca ( Figs 100 , 104 )............ C. weihangi sp. nov.

- Median part of embolus not bent near 90° in ventral view ( Figs 141–146 ); median septum of epigynum not raised ( Figs 17 , 35 , 54 , 82 ); distance between spermathecae shorter or equal to diameter of each spermatheca ( Figs 17 , 36 , 55 , 83 )........... 5

5. Embolus S-shaped in ventral view ( Fig. 80 ); copulatory ducts (CD) shorter than diameter of spermathecae, turning of copulatory ducts very close to spermathecae ( Figs 83 , 87 )............................................... C. terbakar sp. nov.

- Embolus not S-shaped, almost straight or weakly bent in ventral view ( Figs 141–146 ); copulatory ducts not as above...... 6

6. Embolus concave at dorsal side ( Figs 66–68 ); atria small, diameter of atria shorter than 1/3 of diameter of spermathecae ( Figs 55 , 58 )............................................................................... C. marusiki sp. nov.

- Embolus not concave at dorsal side; atria relatively large, diameter longer than 1/3 of diameter of spermathecae.......... 7

7. Apical extension of embolus (aE) obviously backswept ( Figs 60–61 ); copulatory ducts (CD) not obviously bent in ventral view ( Fig. 17 )..................................................................................... C. daiqini

- Apical extension of embolus (aE) not backswept ( Figs 63–65 ); median part of copulatory ducts (CD) obviously bent (near 90°; Fig. 36 ) in ventral view................................................................. C. logunovi sp. nov.

Figures

FIGURES 141–146. Transparent male palpal bulbs of Chalcovietnamicus spp., in ventral view. 141. C. daiqini (Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012) comb. nov.; 142. C. logunovi Yu, Maddison & Zhang, sp. nov.; 143. C. marusiki Yu, Maddison & Zhang, sp. nov.; 144. C. weihangi Yu & Zhang, sp. nov.; 145–146. C. vietnamensis (Żabka, 1985). Abbreviations: E = embolus; ED = embolic disc; SD = sperm duct.

FIGURES 105–108. Living Chalcovietnamicus lii (Lei & Peng, 2010), female from Menglun, Xishuangbanna. Figures are copyright © Weihang Wang.

FIGURES 109–117. Chalcovietnamicus lii (Lei & Peng, 2010), male (112–113, 116–117) and female (109–111, 114–115) from Menglun, Xishuangbanna. 109–110. Habitus; 111. Posterior part of sternum, ventral view; 112–113. Palp, ventral (112) and retrolateral (113) view (modified from Wang & Li, 2022); 114. Epigynum, ventral view; 115. Vulva, dorsal view; 116–117. Embolus, in retrolateral (116) and ventral (117, slightly turning retrolaterally to show the EA) view. Abbreviations: aE = apical extension of embolus; EA = embolic apophysis; G = groove; SD = sperm duct.

FIGURES 1–3. Habitats (1–2) of Chalcovietnamicus lii (Lei & Peng, 2010) in Xishuangbanna (1) and C. weihangi sp. nov. in Guangxi (2); 3. C. weihangi sp. nov., female, prey on an ant (possibly Crematogaster sp.). Figures are copyright © Weihang Wang.

FIGURES 4–9. Living Chalcovietnamicus daiqini (Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012) comb. nov. from Singapore, male (4–6) and female (7–9) (© 2019 W.P. Maddison).

FIGURES 10–18. Chalcovietnamicus daiqini (Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012) comb. nov., male (10, 12–13) and female (11, 14–18) from Singapore. 10–11. Habitus; 12. Prosoma; 13. Endites; 14. Endites and sternum; 15. Teeth on chelicera; 16. Epigynum; 17–18. Vulva; in dorsal (10–11, 17–18), front (12), ventral (13–14, 16) and back (15) view. Abbreviations: AG = accessory gland; BG = Bennett’s gland; CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca; St = setal tuft.

FIGURES 29–36. Chalcovietnamicus logunovi Yu, Maddison & Zhang sp. nov., male holotype (29, 31), male paratype (33–34) and female paratype (30, 32, 35–36). 29–31. Habitus; 32. Posterior part of sternum; 33–34. Palp; 35. Epigynum; 36. Vulva; in dorsal (29–30, 36), front (31), ventral (32–33, 35) and retrolateral (34) view. Abbreviation:AG = accessory gland.

FIGURES 41–46. Living Chalcovietnamicus marusiki Yu, Maddison & Zhang sp. nov. from Mulu National Park, Sarawak; male (41–43) and female (44–46). Figures are copyright © 2015 W.P. Maddison, released under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 3.0 license.

FIGURES 47–55. Chalcovietnamicus marusiki Yu, Maddison & Zhang sp. nov., male holotype (47, 49), male paratype (51–53) and female paratype (48, 50, 54–55). 47–49. Habitus; 50. Posterior part of sternum; 51–52. Palp; 53. Expansion of palpal bulb; 54. Epigynum; 55. Vulva; in dorsal (47–48, 55), front (49), ventral (50–51, 54) and retrolateral (52–53) view. Abbreviations: DH = distal haematodocha; E = embolus; ED = embolic disc; SR = salticid radix; ST = subtegulum; T = tegulum; TL = tegular lobe.

FIGURES 70–74. Living Chalcovietnamicus terbakar Yu, Maddison & Zhang sp. nov., male (70–72) and female (73–74) (© 2019 W.P. Maddison).

FIGURES 75–83. Chalcovietnamicus terbakar Yu, Maddison & Zhang sp. nov., male holotype (75, 77–78, 80–81) and female paratype (76, 79, 82–83). 75–77. Habitus; 78. Endites; 79. Posterior part of sternum, with white arrow indicates setal tuft; 80–81. Palp; 82. Epigynum; 83. Vulva; in dorsal (75–76, 83), front (77), ventral (78–80, 82) and retrolateral (81) view.

FIGURES 88–91. Living Chalcovietnamicus weihangi Yu & Zhang sp. nov., male (88–89) and female (90–91). Figures are copyright © Weihang Wang.

FIGURES 92–100. Chalcovietnamicus weihangi Yu & Zhang sp. nov., male holotype (92–93, 95, 97–98) and female paratypes (94, 96, 99–100). 92–95. Habitus; 96. Posterior part of sternum; 97–98. Palp; 99. Epigynum; 100. Vulva; in dorsal (92–94, 100), front (95), ventral (96–97, 99) and retrolateral (98) view.

FIGURES 60–69. Embolic details of Chalcovietnamicus daiqini (Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012) comb. nov. (60–62), C. logunovi Yu, Maddison & Zhang, sp. nov. (63–65) and C. marusiki Yu, Maddison & Zhang, sp. nov. (66–69); in retrolaertal (60–61), top (62, 65, 68), prolateral (63, 66) and dorsal (64, 67, 69) view. Abbreviations: aE = apical extension of embolus; bK = back keel; E = embolus; G = groove; OS = opening of sperm duct; RdH = retrolateral distal hump; SR = salticid radix.

FIGURES 118–123. Living Chalcovietnamicus vietnamensis (Żabka, 1985) from Singapore, male (118–120) and female (121– 123) (© 2019 W.P. Maddison).

FIGURES 124–129. Chalcovietnamicus vietnamensis (Żabka, 1985) from Dak Lak, Vietnam (124–127) and Singapore (128– 129), male (124, 126, 129) and female (125, 127, 128). 124–127. Habitus; 128. Posterior part of sternum; 129. Endites; in dorsal (124–125), front (126–127) and ventral (128–129) view.

FIGURES 130–140. Chalcovietnamicus vietnamensis (Żabka, 1985) from Singapore (130–136, 139) and Vietnam (137–138, 140), male (130–134, 137–140) and female (135–135). 130–132. Palp; 133–134. Embolus; 135. Epigynum; 136. Vulva; 137– 140. RTAs, from Dak Lak (137), Bac Giang (138) and Ha Noi (140, holotype); in pro-ventral (130), ventral (131, 133, 135), retrolateral (132, 137–140), retro-ventral (134) and dorsal (136) view. Abbreviations: dK = distal retro-ventral keel; EA = embolic apophysis.

FIGURES 101–104. Chalcovietnamicus weihangi Yu & Zhang sp. nov., palp of male from Hezhou, Guangxi (101–102), epigynum (103) and vulva (104); in ventral (101, 103), retrolateral (102) and dorsal (104) view. Abbreviations: aE = apical extension of embolus; G = groove; Ly = lyriform organ; PC = patellar crack; SD = sperm duct.

FIGURES 84–87. Chalcovietnamicus terbakar Yu, Maddison & Zhang sp. nov., male palp (84–85), epigynum (86) and vulva (87); in ventral (84, 86), retrolateral (85) and dorsal (87) view.

FIGURES 56–59. Chalcovietnamicus marusiki Yu, Maddison & Zhang sp. nov., male palp (56–57), epigynum (58) and vulva (59); in ventral (56, 58), retrolateral (57) and dorsal (59) view.