Selymbria Stål, 1861

Sanborn, Allen F., 2019, The cicada genus Selymbria Stål, 1861 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Tibicininae: Selymbrini): redescription including ten new species and a key to the genus, Zootaxa 4614 (3), pp. 401-448 : 403-447

Genus Selymbria Stål, 1861

Selymbria Stål 1861: 615 .

TYPE SPECIES. Cicada signifera Germar 1830: 44 . ( Brazil)

REMARKS. The characteristics given for the tribe also distinguish the only currently assigned genus, Selymbria , within the Selymbriini . Particularly the triangular head when viewed from the dorsal side, prominent eyes wider than the lateral angle of the pronotal collar, recurved ridge on the posterior timbal cavity, and the long uncus are obvious structures to identify members of the genus.

SPECIES INCLUDED. The genus is represented currently by the following 16 species: S. ahyetios Ramos & Wolda, 1985 , S. boliviaensis n. sp., S. chevauxensis n. sp., S. cinctifera n. sp., S. danieleae Sanborn, 2011 , S. ecuadorensis n. sp., S. guatemalensis n. sp., S. guianensis n. sp., S. iguazuensis n. sp., S. loretoensis n. sp., S. madredediosensis n. sp., S. pandora Distant, 1911 , S. pluvialis Ramos & Wolda, 1985 , S. puntarenasensis n. sp., S. stigmatica (Germar, 1834) , and S. subolivacea ( Stål, 1862) .

DESCRIPTION. Body size variable (15.6–27 mm body length). Head slightly wider than lateral angles of pronotum and wider than mesonotum, frons narrow, angled ventrally to frontoclypeal suture, its lateral margins not reaching angle of postclypeus, vertex at area of ocelli as long as or a little longer than frons, eyes projecting beyond the anterior angles of the pronotum, ocelli closer to each other than to eyes; postclypeus inflated, with rounded apex when viewed from the dorsal side, with broad central sulcus on ventral postclypeus, transverse grooves not reaching lateral ends of transverse ridges, rostrum length species specific, reaching the middle coxae or trochanters. Pronotum shorter than mesonotum, lateral margins ampliated, rounded, lacking lateral tooth; mesonotum to base of cruciform elevation about as long as head and pronotum together, not as wide as lateral pronotal collar, cruciform elevation with shallow, smoothly curved posterior margin; metanotum extends laterally beyond wing groove and posteriorly beyond cruciform elevation. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline with eight and six apical cells, respectively, infuscation may be present, pterostigma present, basal cell longer than broad, costal vein and radius & subcostal veins close as are the subcostal vein and radius anterior 1, cubitus anterior 1 longer beyond crossvein than proximal to crossvein, radial and radiomedial crossveins generally parallel. Hind wing anal vein 3 curved at distal end, anal lobe broad. Fore femora with elongated, angled primary spine, upright secondary spine, and a small tertiary spine, tarsi three-segmented. Male opercula generally with rounded posterior margin, barely covering tympanal cavity or extending to middle of sternite II, opercula separated along midline separated basally by bulbous sternite I, not encapsulating meracanthus except in S. boliviaensis n. sp., meracanthus triangular, either broadly triangular or tapering to a point, not reaching to middle of operculum, female operculum with transverse posterior margin, smaller extending medially only to medial base of meracanthus, meracanthus generally of similar shape to male for each species extending to or beyond posterior margin of female operculum. Abdomen about as long as the distance between apex of head and posterior of cruciform elevation, lateral margins parallel at base until the abdomen begins narrowing posteriorly to the genitalia, epipleurites reflexed toward dorsal surface but not producing an obvious channel on the lateral margins of the abdomen. Timbal cover reduced, recurved posteriorly forming a ridge along the posterior timbal cavity, timbal completely exposed in all but S. iguazuensis n. sp., extending below wing bases, tympana concealed by opercula in all but male S. chevauxensis n. sp. Male sternite VIII broadly U-shaped. Female sternite VII with deep medial notch and semicircular, arched or sinuate lateroposterior margin. Pygofer distal shoulder not developed, dorsal beak present, roughly triangular or spine-like but variable in size, pygofer basal lobe moderately developed, pygofer upper lobe may be present, uncus long, undivided and not retractable with the pygofer, male aedeagus with basal plate fused, theca very short, curving in a gentle arc, distally expanding to broad, rounded apex in lateral view, with two pairs of flat triangular lobes dorsally, no conjunctival claws or pseudoparameres present. Female abdominal segment 9 with dorsal beak well defined, posterior margin generally sinuate but straight in S. iguazuensis n. sp., ovipositor sheath not extending to length of dorsal beak.

MEASUREMENTS (MM). Length of body: 15.6–27.0; length of fore wing: 20.8–32.6; width of fore wing: 6.75–11.1; length of head: 3.05–4.2; width of head including eyes: 6.6–9.0; width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: 5.8–8.7; width of mesonotum: 4.8–8.0.

DIAGNOSIS. The tribal characters also distinguish the genus of this monogeneric tribe. Obvious unique characters of the genus among the other Tibicininae are the head being wider than the lateral angles of the pronotal collar, the male opercula extending to or beyond the posterior tympanal cavity, the presence of an upper pygofer lobe, the undulated rather than right-angled distal aedeagal basal plate, and the very short theca that is laterally expanded into a broad, flat distal end ornamented with triangular wings.

DISTRIBUTION. Species of the genus have been reported from Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Guatemala, and Panama ( Metcalf 1963; Sanborn 2011; 2013; 2018; Sanborn & Heath 2014). Pogue (1996) listed an undetermined species from Peru. The first records for Bolivia and Ecuador are provided here.

Key to species of Selymbria

1 Fore wings without infuscation.......................................................................... 2

- Fore wings with spots of infuscation...................................................................... 4

2 Body mainly greenish tawny with light fuscous-piceous markings, greenish basal area of the wings, body length 27 mm, wing span about 78 mm, known only from Brazil............................................ S. subolivacea ( Stål, 1862)

- Body tawny, dorsal head mostly piceous, testaceous abdominal tergites, red or grayish piceous basal area of the wings, body length 18.5–22 mm, wing span less than 70 mm, known from Panama and Brazil................................... 3

3 Body ochraceous, dorsal head marked with piceous, fuscous abdominal tergites, grayish piceous basal area of the wings, body length 18.5–19.5 mm, known only from Panama.................................. S. ahyetios Ramos & Wolda, 1985

- Body tawny, dorsal head mostly piceous, testaceous abdominal tergites, reddish orange basal area of the wings, body length 21–22 mm, known only from Brazil................................................... S. pandora Distant, 1911

4 Infuscation of fore wing restricted to apex, not on proximal apical cell veins or crossveins........................... 5

- Infuscation on fore wing apex, proximal apical cell veins and/or crossveins...................................... 10

5 Infuscation may restricted to apex of fore wing distal to the ambient vein, diamond shaped widening of central sulcus near postclypeus ventral apex, secondary spine of fore femur with sinuate apex, female sternite VII posterior extension with parallel margins, ovipositor sheath extending to the level of the dorsal beak, curved posterior uncal margin wider than anal styles with recurved spines on either side, the aedeagus with two short spines medially with larger extensions forming lateral wings, known only from Panama........................................................... S. ahyetios Ramos & Wolda, 1985

- Central sulcus expanded over majority of ventral postclypeus, secondary spine not sinuate at apex, female sternite VII extension without parallel margins, posterior uncus not as wide as anal styles, aedeagus not as above........................... 6

6 Infuscation not dense, known from French Guiana........................................................... 7

- Infuscation dense, known from Central America............................................................. 8

7 Primary spine of fore femur adpressed, cubitus anterior 1 of the fore wing is curved between the split with cubitus anterior 2 and the mediocubital crossvein, male operculum does not cover the tympanal cavity, meracanthus tip straight, male uncus thin, extending just past level of anal styles, notch in female sternite VII angled laterally along entire length. S. chevauxensis n. sp.

- Primary spine of fore femur angled above femur, cubitus anterior 1 of the fore wing is straight between the split with cubitus anterior 2 and the mediocubital crossvein, male operculum covers the tympanal cavity, meracanthus tip curved mediad, male uncus stout, about half of uncus extending beyond level of anal styles, notch in female sternite VII with anterior V-shape and parallel margins on posterior half of sternite.................................................. S. guianensis n. sp.

8 Fore wing length greater than 25 mm, uncus with lateral margins curved, widest in middle, fore femur apical spine about half as long as secondary spine................................................................ S. cinctifera n. sp.

- Fore wing length less than 24 mm, uncus widest near base tapering to apex with straight lateral margins, fore femur apical spine very small........................................................................................... 9

9 Uncus with curved posterior margin, fore femur secondary spine upright, male operculum not concealing posteromedial tympanal cavity, female sternite VII with sinuate lateral margin constricting the posterior extension in the middle..................................................................................... S. pluvialis Ramos & Wolda, 1985

- Uncus with transverse posterior margin, fore femur secondary spine angled, male operculum concealing posteromedial tympanal cavity, female sternite VII with straight lateral margin along posterior extension parallel to posterior notch margin........................................................................................ S. guatemalensis n. sp.

10 Infuscation restricted to apex, primarily distal apical cell 1, distal radius anterior 2, and distal apical cell 2, and on radial crossvein not extending onto radius anterior 2 or radius posterior veins or proximal apical cell 1...... S. danieleae Sanborn, 2011

- Infuscation in proximal and distal apical cells 1, 2 and/or 3, on proximal and distal radius anterior 2 and radius posterior, across radial crossvein extending to subcostal vein............................................................... 11

11 Piceous region on dorsal head reduced between lateral ocelli and eye, medial margin to notch in female sternite VII curving laterad toward posterior, known from Costa Rica......................................... S. puntarenasensis n. sp.

- Piceous region on dorsal head not reduced between lateral ocelli and eye, medial margin to notch in female sternite VII straight, curving mediad, or curving laterad toward posterior, known from South America.................................. 12

12 Male tergite 3 wider than tergite 2, male uncus with rounded terminus, medial margin to notch in female sternite VII curving laterad toward posterior, known from Brazil.......................................... S. stigmatica (Germar, 1834)

- Male tergite 3 as wide as tergite 2, male uncus with transverse or rounded terminus, medial margin to notch in female sternite VII not curving laterad toward posterior, known from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador or Peru.................... 13

13 Male uncus with rounded terminus, female sternite VII slightly constricting towards posterior margin, known from Ecuador.................................................................................... S. ecuadorensis n. sp.

- Male uncus with transverse terminus, female sternite VII with parallel, slightly widening, or strongly curved medial margins towards posterior margin, strongly curved margins almost meet medially, known from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, or Peru... .................................................................................................. 14

14 Male tergite 2 with extension over posterolateral timbal cavity, uncus with concave ventral terminus, female sternite VII with straight medial margins slightly widening towards posterior sternite margin, known from NW Argentina and SE Brazil.... S. iguazuensis n. sp.......................................................................................

- Male tergite 2 without extension over posterolateral timbal cavity, uncus without concave ventral terminus, female sternite VII with straight medial margins smoothly curving mediad towards posterior sternite margin, known from Bolivia or Peru.... 15

15 Male uncus as wide as pygofer, female sternite VII with mediad margins of posterior extension smoothly curving mediad forming a sharp acute angle at apex that almost meet over gonapophyses at posterior sternite margin, known from southern Peru................................................................................. S. madredediosensis n. sp.

- Male uncus not as wide as pygofer, female sternite VII with mediad margins of posterior extension not smoothly curving mediad forming a sharp acute angle at apex that almost meet over gonapophyses at posterior sternite margin, known from Bolivia or northern Peru..................................................................................... 16

16 Male uncus with lateral expansion near terminus, female sternite VII with mediad margins of posterior extension angled mediad reducing notch forming an almost right angle at apex over lateral gonocoxite IX at posterior sternite margin, known from Bolivia.............................................................................. S. boliviaensis n. sp.

- Male uncus without lateral expansion near terminus, female sternite VII with mediad margins of posterior extension parallel to posterior sternite margin, known from northern Peru.......................................... S. loretoensis n. sp.