LEPIDOPTERA Linnaeus, 1758
|
publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5034.1.1 |
|
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2A76894F-297A-4CA0-9821-B865EA87EAD0 |
|
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDDE59-FFC1-FFFD-FF18-54C2F4D6FDF3 |
|
treatment provided by |
Plazi (2021-09-10 03:56:40, last updated by Admin 2024-07-08 17:43:04) |
|
scientific name |
LEPIDOPTERA Linnaeus, 1758 |
| status |
|
Order LEPIDOPTERA Linnaeus, 1758 View in CoL
Suborder GLOSSATA Fabricius, 1775
Infraorder HETERONEURA Tillyard, 1918
Clade MACROHETEROCERA Chapman, 1893
Superfamily NOCTUOIDEA Latreille, 1809
Family NOLIDAE Bruand, 1846 View in CoL
Subfamily BEANINAE Zahiri & Holloway, 2013
Beaninae , a monogeneric subfamily, is represented by single species of the genus Beana View in CoL in India. The adults are robust, noctuid-like in wing-shape; pattern is restricted to the forewing, which is irregularly variegated, mostly brown, with an apical patch defined by an arcuate section of the submarginal line and a central, irregularly arcuate fascia running from the costa at two-fifths to near the tornus on the posterior margin, which may define paler patches on their concave sides; the hindwing is with M 3 and CuA 1 connate only. The male genitalia have a somewhat triangular uncus, which is laterally rather convex at base and tapering to an acute apex that may be modified into a setose, sometimes bifid pad; most species bear a distinctive pair of ‘‘elbowed’’ scaphial processes associated with the anal tube; valves are often with complex processes at apex of sacculus and a small spine arising from interior of the costa near its apex ( Zahiri & Holloway 2013).
Genus Beana Walker, 1862
Type species: Beana polychroma Walker, 1862
1. Beana terminigera (Walker, 1858) ( Fig. 1 View FIGURES 1–8 )
Felinia ? terminigera Walker, 1858 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 15: 1850.
Beana polychroma Walker, 1862 , Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 6: 183.
TL: Canara , Karnataka, India. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK ( Poole 1989). OUMNH ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Material examined. Jharkhand: Koderma, (N24°20.843’, E085°27.682’, 385m), 20.IX.2014, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh; East Singhbhum , Dalma WLS, Pindrabera, (N22°53.618’, E86°11.782’, 670m), 01.XII.2011, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh; same data, 21-22.X.2013, 2 ex., leg. N. Singh. GoogleMaps Bihar: Valmiki Tiger Reserve ( VTR), Govardhana , (N27°19.563’, E084°18.612’, 463m), 15.X.2017, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh ( NZC, ZSI Patna) GoogleMaps .
Distribution in India. Bihar (present study); Indian Subregion ( Holloway 2003); Karnataka (Canara) ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Kerala (Vagamon Hills, Idukki) ( Mathew et al. 2018) ; Jharkhand (Singh 2019).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar, Malay Peninsula Malaysia, Vietnam, Borneo, Brunei, Philippines, Sumatra, Flores, Timor, Thailand ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plants. Quisqualis indica (Combretaceae) on leaves/stems, Ventilago calyculata (Rhamnaceae) ( Robinson et al. 2001).
Subfamily CHLOEPHORINAE Stainton, 1859
Chloephorinae was recognized as a member of the family Nolidae by Holloway (2003). For Chloephorinae, Zahiri et al. (2013) suggested a synapomorphic character of raised, lobed tympanal sclerite (an orange-brown bar) in the middle of the accessory tympanum that projects into the ear and appears to slightly overlap the tympanal membrane. The subfamily as a whole contains all the genera with tymbal organs developed on the basal abdominal sternite in males. Zahiri et al. (2013) recognized six well supported tribes: Ariolicini, Careini, Chloephorini, Eariadini, Gelastocerini and Sarrothripini. Kononenko & Pinratana (2013) also included Camptolomini in Chloephorinae . Reporting of Pseudoips fagana Fabricius by Sanyal et al. (2018), Tathothripa arcuosa Bethune-Baker by Das et al. (2020) and Erizada rufa Hampson by Joshi et al. (2021) from India needs further investigation. This is the largest subfamily represented by 180 species under 52 genera in India.
Genus Aiteta Walker, 1856
Type species: Aiteta musculina Walker, 1856
1. Aiteta apriformis (Walker, 1857)
Capotena apriformis Walker, 1857 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 11: 715.
TL: Java, Indonesia ( Poole, 1989). Sri Lanka. Lectotype (♀), designated by Hampson (1912) (Kononenko & Pin- ratana 2013).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Mumbai, Mhow, Canara ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Thailand, Philippines ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plants. Terminalia bellirica (Combretaceae) on leaves, Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Lauraceae) ( Robinson et al. 2001).
2. Aiteta brooksi Holloway, 1976
Aiteta brooksi Holloway, 1976 , Moths of Borneo with special reference to Mt. Kinabalu, 1976: 22.
TL: Mt. Kinabalu , Sabah, Borneo. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Andamans ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Myanmar, Borneo, Sumatra, Java ( Holloway 2003).
Host plant. Terminalia (Combretaceae) ( Holloway 2003).
3. Aiteta damnipennis (Walker, 1865)
Phanaca damnipennis Walker, 1865 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 33: 857.
TL: Sri Lanka. Holotype (♀).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Kerala ( Hampson 1912; Poole 1989); Indian Subregion ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Malay Peninsula, Malaysia, Borneo, Brunei, Indonesia, Philippines ( Hampson 1912; Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
4. Aiteta musculina Walker, 1856 ( Fig. 2 View FIGURES 1–8 )
Aiteta musculina Walker, 1856 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 9: 131.
Brada truncata Walker, 1858 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 15: 1666.
Chaladra cucullioides Walker, 1865 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 32: 640.
TL: Philippines. Holotype (♀).
TD: NHMUK.
Material examined. Jharkhand: Hazaribagh, Salparni ( HWLS), (N24°08.155’, E085°17.170’, 552m), 04.IX.2016, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh. GoogleMaps Bihar: Valmiki TR, Govardhana , (N27°19.563’, E084°18.612’, 463m), 15.X.2017, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; VTR, Mangooraha , (N27°18.482’, E084°31.751’, 300m), 16-17.X.2017, 2 ex., leg. N. Singh. GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. Jharkhand, Bihar (present study); Sikkim, Mumbai, Chennai, Nilgiris, Kerala, Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013; Chandra et al. 2019)
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Thailand, Nepal, Myanmar, Malaysia, Borneo, Brunei, Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
5. Aiteta rufoflava (Walker, [1857] 1856) ( Fig. 3 View FIGURES 1–8 )
Xanthia rufoflava Walker, [1857] 1856 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 10: 467.
Elydna diurna Swinhoe, 1889 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1889: 412.
TL: North India. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Material examined. Jharkhand: Hazaribagh, Rajderva , (N24°08.336’, E85°19.148’, 492m), 17-18.IX.2014, 4 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; same data, 11.IX.2015, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; same data, 02.IX.2016, 3 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; same data, 04-6.X.2016, 5 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; Koderma , (N24°20.843’, E85°27.682’, 385m), 20.IX.2014, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; Chatra, Itkhori , (N24°17.35’, E85°9.43’), 18.X.2014, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh. GoogleMaps Bihar: Bodhgaya, Gautam Budha WLS, (N24°25.169’, E085°13.244’), 06.VIII.2018, 01 ex., leg. R. Joshi GoogleMaps ; same data, 24-26.VIII.2017, 03 ex., leg. R. Joshi GoogleMaps ; Nalanda, Rajgir , (N24°59.949’, E85°26.938’), 12.VIII.2018, 01 ex., leg. R. Joshi GoogleMaps ; same data, 28.VIII.2017, 01 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; Valmiki TR, Mangooraha , (N27°18.482’, E84°31.751’, 300m), 17.X.2017, 01 ex., leg. N. Singh. GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. Bihar (present study); Sikkim, Almora, Mumbai, Canara, Chennai, Belgaum ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); North Maharashtra ( Gurule & Nikam 2013); Jharkhand ( Singh et al. 2017)
Elsewhere. Thailand ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Aiteta rufula Warren, 1912 , Novitates Zoologicae, 19: 39.
TL: Cherrapunji , Meghalaya, India. Holotype (♀).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Cherrapunji) ( Warren 1912; Poole 1989).
7. Aiteta trigoniphora ( Hampson, 1898)
Capotena trigoniphora Hampson, 1898 , The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 11: 455.
Capotena spatulata Schultze, 1907 , Philippine Journal of Science, 2 (A): 365.
Capotena ha s mpsoni Bethune-Baker, 1908, Novitates Zoologicae, 15: 199.
Aiteta angustipennis Warren, 1912 , Novitates Zoologicae, 19: 38
Aiteta olivana Wileman & South, 1920 , Entomologist, 53: 272.
Aiteta trigoniphora teretimacula Prout, 1922 , Bulletin of the Hill Museum Witley, 1: 216.
Aiteta angustipennis Warren, Kobes, 1997 , Heterocera Sumatrana, 11: 166.
TL: Khasis , Meghalaya, India. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Himalayan region ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. China, Sundaland, Philippines, Sulawesi, S. Maluku, New Guinea, Thailand ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Genus Arachnognatha Hampson, 1894
Type species: Arachnognatha meterythra Hampson, 1894
8. Arachnognatha metascotia Hampson, 1898
Arachnognatha metascotia Hampson, 1898 , The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 11: 451.
TL: Khasis , Meghalaya, India. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); N. E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Singapore ( Hampson 1912); Borneo ( Holloway 2003); Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Genus Arcyophora Guenée, 1852
Type species: Arcyophora longivalvis Guenée, 1852
9. Arcyophora bothrophora Hampson, 1907
Arcyophora bothrophora Hampson, 1907 , The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 17: 655.
TL: Uva, Sri Lanka. Holotype.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Uttar Pradesh (Kanpur) ( Hampson 1912; Poole 1989).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka ( Hampson 1912).
10. Arcyophora dentula ( Lederer, 1869)
Euxestis dentula Lederer, 1869 , Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae , 6: 89.
Bankia angulifera Moore, 1881 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881: 373.
Anthophila innubila Swinhoe, 1886 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1886: 447.
TL: Astarbad (Gorgan), Iran.
TD: MFN.
Distribution in India. Punjab, Mumbai, Mhow ( Hampson 1912; Poole 1989) N.W. Himalaya ( Moore 1881). Elsewhere. Syria, Iran, W. Turkestan, Pakistan ( Hampson 1912; Poole 1989).
Host plant. Punica granatum (Lythraceae) ( Robinson et al. 2001).
11. Arcyophora icterica ( Swinhoe, 1886)
Dabarita icterica Swinhoe, 1886 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1886: 439.
Calpe bifasciata Hampson, 1891 , Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum, 8: 61.
TL: Mhow, Madhya Pradesh, India.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Shimla, Jabalpur, Kanpur, Mumbai, Mhow, Chennai, Nilgiris ( Hampson 1912; Poole 1989); Punjab ( Singh et al. 2019).
12. Arcyophora trigramma ( Hampson, 1912)
Setoctena trigramma Hampson, 1912 , Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, 11: 651.
TL: Mt. Abu , Rajasthan, India. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Rajasthan (Mt. Abu) ( Hampson 1912; Poole 1989).
Genus Ariola Walker, [1858] 1857
Type species: Ariola coelisigna Walker, [1858] 1857
13. Ariola coelisigna Walker, [1858] 1857
Ariola coelisigna Walker, [1858] 1857 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 12: 769.
TL: Sarawak, Borneo. Lectotype (♀) designated by Holloway (2003).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Himalayan region ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, South China, Vietnam, Malaysia, Borneo, Singapore, Sumatra,
Sarawak, Philippines, Pulo Laut, Bali, Louisiades, New Guinea, Solomon Isl., Australia ( Hampson 1912; Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
14. Ariola ransonneti Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874
Ariola ransonneti Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874 , Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Ab 2) (4): 108.
TL: Sri Lanka. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Kerala (Pandimotta) ( Sondhi et al. 2018) .
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka ( Holloway 2003).
15. Ariola triangulifera Warren, 1912
Ariola triangulifera Warren, 1912 , Novitates Zoologicae, 19: 46.
TL: New Georgia. Holotype.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram ( Kirti et al. 2014).
Elsewhere. New Georgia, Sumatra ( Kobes 1997); Solomons, Bismarcks, New Guinea, Sulawesi, Sundaland. ( Kirti et al. 2014).
Genus Ariolica Walker, [1863], 1864
Type species: Ariolica lineolata Walker, [1863] 1864
16. Ariolica lineolata Walker, [1863] 1864
Ariolica lineolata Walker, [1863] 1864 , Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 7: 53.
TL: Sarawak, Borneo. Lectotype (♂), designated by Swinhoe (1900).
TD: OUMNH ( Poole, 1989).
Distribution in India. N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Thailand, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Philipinnes ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013; Holloway 2003).
Remarks. Type depository mentioned as NHMUK by Kononenko & Pinratana (2013).
17. Ariolica pulchella ( Elwes, 1890) ( Fig. 4 View FIGURES 1–8 )
Chionomera pulchella Elwes, 1890 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1890: 387.
TL: Darjeeling, West Bengal, India; Bhutan. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Material examined. Sikkim: East Sikkim, Fambonglho WLS, (N27°21.517’, E088°33.838’, 2120 m), 07.X.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni. GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. Sikkim, Meghalaya (Khasis), Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, West Bengal ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013; Chandra et al. 2019).
Elsewhere. Myanmar ( Hampson 1912); Thailand, Nepal, Bhutan, Laos, Vietnam ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
18. Ariolica superba ( Moore, 1867) ( Fig. 5 View FIGURES 1–8 )
Tyana superba Moore, 1867 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867: 668.
TL: Darjeeling , West Bengal, India. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Material examined. Arunachal Pradesh: Tawang, Jang, (N27°35’246’’, E091°58’739’’, 2151 m), 15.V.2019, 3 ex., leg. N. Kuni.
Distribution in India. Arunachal Pradesh (present study); Sikkim, Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Poole 1989); Darjeeling ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Bhutan, Nepal, Thailand ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
19. Ariolica triangulifera (Moore, 1888)
Chionomera triangulifera Moore, 1888 , Description of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the late Mr. W.S. Atkinson, 1888: 285.
TL: Cherrapunji, Meghalaya, India.
TD: MFN.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasis, Cherra Punji) ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Poole 1989).
Genus Asinduma Walker, 1864
Type species: Asinduma exscripta Walker, 1864
20. Asinduma elaeota Hampson, 1912
Asinduma elaeota Hampson, 1912 , Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, 11: 293.
TL: Peermade , Kerala, India. Holotype (♀).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Kerala (Peermade) ( Hampson 1912; Poole 1989).
21. Asinduma exscripta Walker, [1863] 1864
Asinduma exscripta Walker, [1863] 1864 , Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 7: 167.
TL: Sarawak, Borneo. Lectotype (♀), designated by Swinhoe (1900).
TD: OUMNH.
Distribution in India. Mizoram ( Kirti et al. 2014).
Elsewhere. Myanmar, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Indonesia ( Kobes 1997; Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plant. Saraca (Leguminosae) ( Holloway 2003) .
22. Asinduma olivana ( Swinhoe, 1896)
Argyrothripa olivana Swinhoe, 1896 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6(17): 362.
TL: Khasis , Shillong, Meghalaya, India. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasis, Shillong) ( Hampson 1896, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013). Elsewhere. Thailand, North Vietnam ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Genus Beanoides Pellinen, 2021
Type species: Beana nitida Tams, 1924 .
23. Beanoides nitida ( Tams, 1924)
Beana nitida Tams, 1924 , Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam, 6: 237.
TL: Sriracha , Siam, Thailand. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Himalayan region, Sikkim, West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013; Chandra et al. 2019).
Elsewhere. Nepal, Thailand ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Genus Beara Walker, 1866
Type species: Beara dichromella Walker, 1866
24. Beara dichromella Walker, 1866
Beara dichromella Walker, 1866 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 35: 1703.
TL: India (Locality not known). Holotype.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Mumbai, Nilgiris, Chennai, Coimbatore, Kerala (Peermade) ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Kandy, Tenasserim ( Hampson 1894, 1912).
25. Beara nubiferella Walker, 1866
Beara nubiferella Walker, 1866 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 35: 1704.
Beara milbradti Kobes, 1997 , Heterocera Sumatrana, 11: 81.
TL: Java, Indonesia. Holotype.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Andamans ( Hampson 1912).
Elsewhere. Perak, Java, Kandy, Sumatra, Borneo ( Hampson 1912; Holloway 2003).
Host plants. Ceiba (Bombacaceae) and Tectona (Verbenaceae) ( Robinson et al. 2001).
26. Beara tortriciformis (Strand, 1917)
Hylophilodes tortriciformis Strand, 1917 , Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 82(A1): 145.
Beara dilatata Holloway, 1982 , An introduction to the moths of South East Asia, 97: 234.
TL: Alikang , Formosa [ Taiwan]. Holotype (♀).
TD: DEI, Eberswalde.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Kobes 1997; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Thailand, Taiwan, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Indonesia, Borneo, ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Genus Blenina Walker, [1858] 1857
Type species: Blenina accipiens Walker, [1858] 1857
27. Blenina accipiens Walker, [1858] 1857
Blenina accipiens Walker, [1858] 1857 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 13: 1215.
TL: Syntypes from Srilanka & Australia
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Throughout India ( Hampson 1894; Poole 1989); Maharashtra (Nashik) ( Gurule & Nikam 2013).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Australia ( Hampson 1894; Holloway 2003).
Host plant. Diospyros candolleana (Ebenaceae) ( Robinson et al. 2001).
Remarks. Relationship of Noctua lucretia Dalman, 1823 with this species needs further investigation.
28. Blenina angulipennis (Moore, 1882)
Amrella angulipennis Moore, 1882 , Description of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the late Mr. W.S. Atkinson, 1882: 158.
TL: Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.
TD: MFN.
Distribution in India. Darjeeling, Sikkim, Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1912; Poole 1989); Tamilnadu ( Sivasankaran et al. 2017).
Elsewhere. Taiwan ( Wu et al. 2020)
29. Blenina chlorophila Hampson, 1905
Blenina chlorophila Hampson, 1905 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7 (16) 95: 546.
TL: Singapore. Syntypes (2 ♂) .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Assam ( Holloway 2003); India ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Thailand, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Taiwan, South China, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo, Indonesia, ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plant. Shorea (Dipterocarpaceae) on leaves ( Robinson et al. 2001).
Remarks. The exact distribution locality within India is not mentioned clearly by Kononenko & Pinratana (2013).
30. Blenina donans Walker, 1857 [1858] ( Fig. 6 View FIGURES 1–8 )
Blenina donans Walker, 1857 [1858], List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 13: 1215.
Amphipyra laportei Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874 , Reise Österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1859. Zoologischer Theil, Zweiter Band, Zweite Abtheilung, Lepidoptera , 2(2): Pl.111, 28.
Blenina grisea Moore, 1877 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1877: 607.
Blenina pannosa Moore, 1882 , In: Hewitson & Moore, Description of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the late Mr. W.S. Atkinson, 1882: 157.
Blenina metachrysea Turner, 1902 , Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 27: 89.
Blenina triphaenopsis Hampson, 1905 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) 16: 545.
Blenina donans donatis Gaede, 1937 , Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, 11: 409.
Blenina donans similis Gaede, 1937 , Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, 11: 409.
TL: Sri Lanka. Holotype.
TD: NHMUK.
Material examined. Jharkhand: East Singhbhum, Dalma WLS, Pindrabera , (N22°53.618’, E086°11.782’, 670m), 02.XII.2011, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; same data, 22.X.2013, 01 ex., leg. N. Singh. GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. Nilgiris, Andamans ( Hampson 1894); Kolkata, Kerala (Peermade), Thiruvananthapuram ( Hampson 1912; Francy and Mathew 2006); Darjeeling, Andaman Is., Nicobar Isl. ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Andaman Is., Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu (Singh 2019).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo, Indonesia, Philippines, Melanesia, New Guinea, Java, Amboina, New Caledonia, Australia, Thailand ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plant. Diospyros (Ebenaceae) ( Holloway 2003).
31. Blenina fumosa Swinhoe, 1905
Blenina fumosa Swinhoe, 1905 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) 15:157.
TL: Khasia Hills, Meghalaya, India.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1912; Poole 1989).
32. Blenina lichenosa Moore, 1877 ( Fig. 7 View FIGURES 1–8 )
Blenina lichenosa Moore, 1877 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1877: 607.
Blenina variegata Moore, 1882 , Description of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the late Mr. W.S. Atkinson, 1882: 157.
Blenina lichenosa borneonis Gaede, 1937 ; Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, 11: 408.
Blenina lichenosa lichenosella Gaede, 1937 ; Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, 11: 408.
Blenina lichenosa lichenosula Gaede, 1937 ; Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, 11: 408.
TL: South Andamans , India. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Material examined. Jharkhand: Hazaribagh, Rajderwa ( HWLS), (N24°08.336’, E085°19.148’, 492m), 03.IX.2016, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh. GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. Jharkhand (present study); Sikkim, Nagaland, Andamans ( Hampson 1894); Assam ( Hampson 1912); Kerala ( Francy & Mathew 2006) ; Darjeeling, Andaman Isl., Nicobar Isl. ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Nepal, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia, Perak, Singapore, Sadong, New Guinea, Philippines, Sundaland, Thailand ( Hampson 1912; Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
33. Blenina metascia Hampson, 1914
Blenina metascia Hampson, 1914 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 13: 220.
TL: Canara , Karwar, Karnataka, India. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Mumbai, Karnataka (Canara), Karwar. ( Hampson, 1914b; Poole, 1989).
34. Blenina quinaria Moore, 1882
Blenina quinaria Moore, 1882 , Description of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the late Mr. W.S. Atkinson, 1882: 158.
TL: Darjeeling , West Bengal, India. Syntypes .
TD: MFN.
Distribution in India. Sikkim, Meghalaya (Khasis), Uttarakhand, West Bengal (Darjeeling) ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013; Chandra et al. 2019); N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003); Tamilnadu ( Sivasankaran et al. 2017).
Elsewhere. W. China ( Hampson 1912) ; Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002); Thailand, Nepal, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, Borneo, Brunei, Indonesia, Timor, New Guinea, Philippines, Taiwan, South China, Japan ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013; Wu et al. 2020).
Host plant. Pterocarya (Juglandaceae) ( Holloway 2003).
35. Blenina senex ( Butler, 1878)
Danaca senex Butler, 1878 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5) 1: 82.
TL: Japan, Yokohama. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh ( Chandra et al. 2019).
Elsewhere. China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Thailand, Japan, Korea ( Chandra et al. 2019).
Remarks. This seems to be a new record to India, but no such remarks mentioned by Chandra et al. (2019)
Genus Calymera Moore, 1882
Type species: Calymera picta Moore, 1882
36. Calymera confinis ( Warren, 1916) ( Fig. 8 View FIGURES 1–8 )
Carea confinis Warren, 1916 , Novitates Zoologicae, 23: 222.
TL: Khasis , Meghalaya, India. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Material examined. Bihar: Valmiki TR, Mangooraha, (N2718.482’, E08431.751’, 300m), 28.III.2017, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh.
Distribution in India. Bihar (present study); Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Kerala ( Das et al. 2020) .
Elsewhere. Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002); Thailand ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plant. Cleistocalyx operculatus (Myrtaceae) ( Robinson et al. 2001).
Remarks. Forewing of the specimen given in plates are slightly descaled, and thus FW lines are not visible in photograph.
37. Calymera dione ( Swinhoe, 1905)
Carea dione Swinhoe, 1905 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) 15: 159.
TL: Khasia Hills, Meghalaya, India.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1912; Kobes 1997).
Elsewhere. Sumatra ( Kobes 1997).
38. Calymera endophaea (Hampson 1905)
Carea endophaea Hampson, 1905 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7)16: 596.
TL: Peermade , Kerala, India. Syntypes (♂) .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Kerala, Sikkim ( Hampson, 1905b; Mathew et al. 2007; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Indian Subregion ( Holloway, 2003).
Elsewhere. Perak ( Hampson, 1912); Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Bali, Sulawesi), Melanesia, Fiji, Philippines, Thailand, Nepal, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, ( Holloway, 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plants. Memecylon (Melastomataceae) and Eugenia (Myrtaceae) ( Holloway, 2003).
39. Calymera fasciata (Moore, 1882)
Ranaja fasciata Moore, 1882 , Description of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the late Mr. W.S. Atkinson, 1882: 121.
TL: Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.
TD: MFN.
Distribution in India. Darjeeling ( Moore 1882a); Sikkim, Assam, Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Holloway 2003).
40. Calymera moira ( Swinhoe, 1893)
Carea moira Swinhoe, 1893 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (6) 12: 262.
Carea fuscomarginata Hampson, 1894 , The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Moths, 2: 424.
TL: Selangor, Malaysia; Singapore. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Assam, Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1912).
Elsewhere. Myanmar, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo, Indonesia, Philippines. ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plant. Eugenia grandis (Myrtaceae) ( Robinson et al. 2001).
41. Calymera nitida ( Hampson, 1894) ( Fig. 9 View FIGURES 9–16 )
Carea nitida Hampson, 1894 , The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Moths, 2: 423.
TL: Sikkim, India. Holotype.
TD: NHMUK.
Material examined. Sikkim: East Sikkim, Fambonglho WLS, (N27°21.517’, E088°33.838’, 2120 m), 02.X.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni GoogleMaps ; South Sikkim, Namchi, Namchi Rock Garden , (N27°10.865’, E088°22.443’, 1729m), 14.X.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni. GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. Sikkim, Assam ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Sumatra ( Hampson 1912; Kobes 1997); Thailand, Nepal, Myanmar, Indonesia ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plant. Eugenia (Myrtaceae) ( Robinson et al. 2001).
42. Calymera picta Moore, 1882
Calymera picta Moore, 1882 , In: Hewitson & Moore, Description of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the late Mr. W.S. Atkinson: 104.
TL: Darjeeling , West Bengal, India. Syntypes .
TD: MFN.
Distribution in India. Assam, Sikkim, West Bengal (Darjeeling), Meghalaya ( Kobes 1997, Kononenko & Pinratana 2013; Chandra et al. 2019); Himalayan region ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Sumatra, Borneo ( Kobes 1997; Holloway 2003); Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
43. Calymera sabulosa ( Warren, 1916)
Carea sabulosa Warren, 1916 , Novitates Zoologicae, 23: 223.
Carea quieta ssp. micropunctata Holloway, 1976 , Moths of Borneo with special reference to Mt. Kinabalu, 1976: 25.
TL: Assam, Sikkim [ India]. Syntypes.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Sikkim, Assam, West Bengal ( Kobes 1997; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013; Chandra et al. 2019); N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Peninsular Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra, Sulawesi), Borneo, Thailand, China, Myanmar ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Genus Camptoloma Felder, 1874
Type species: Camptoloma erythrophygum Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874
44. Camptoloma binotatum Butler, 1881
Camptoloma binotatum Butler, 1881 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5) 7: 35.
Camptoloma flagrans Swinhoe, 1893 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (6) 12: 216.
TL: Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Shillong ( Hampson 1894; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Thailand, Myanmar, Nepal, China ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
45. Camptoloma interiorata (Walker, 1865)
Numenes interiorata Walker, 1865 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 31: 290.
Camptoloma erythrophygum Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874 , Reise Österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1859. Zoologischer Theil, Zweiter Band, Zweite Abtheilung, Lepidoptera , 2(2) 4: 93.
TL: Shanghai [ China].
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. India ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Thailand, Japan, China, Korea, South of Russian Far East ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plants. Castanea , Castanopsis , Lithocarpus, Querqus (Fagaceae) ; Rubus palmatus (Rosaceae) ( Robinson et al. 2001).
Remarks. The exact distribution locality within India is not mentioned clearly by Kononenko and Pinratana (2013).
46. Camptoloma mangpua Zolotuhin & Witt, 2000
Camptoloma mangpua Zolotuhin & Witt, 2000 , Entomofauna, 11: 3.
TL: Mangpu-road , Darjeeling, West Bengal, India. Holotype (♀).
TD: MWM.
Distribution in India. West Bengal (Darjeeling), Sikkim (Namchi) ( Zolotuhin & Witt 2000).
47. Camptoloma tigrinus ( Hampson, 1894)
Leucopardus tigrinus Hampson, 1894 , The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Moths, 2: 31.
TL: Khasis , Meghalaya, India. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003). Elsewhere. Thailand, Myanmar, Southwest China ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Genus Carea Walker, 1856
Type species: Carea varipes Walker, 1856
48. Carea albirufa Hampson, 1896
Carea albirufa Hampson, 1896 , The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Moths, 4: 530.
TL: Puttalam , Sri Lanka. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. India ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Thailand ( Hampson 1896; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Remarks. The exact distribution within India is not mentioned clearly by Kononenko and Pinratana (2013).
49. Carea albopurpurea Hampson, 1894
Carea albopurpurea Hampson, 1894 , The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Moths, 2: 424.
TL: Sikkim, Khasis , Meghalaya, India. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Sikkim, Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013). Elsewhere. Thailand, Nepal ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
50. Carea angulata ( Fabricius, 1793) ( Fig. 10 View FIGURES 9–16 )
Bombyx angulata Fabricius, 1793 , Entomologiae Systemaatica emendata et Aucta. Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Adjectis Synonymis, Locis, Descritptionibus Observationibus, 3(1): 481.
Dabarita subtilis Walker, [1857] 1856 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 10: 479.
Carea innocens Swinhoe, 1918 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (9) 2: 73.
Carea intermedia Swinhoe, 1918 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (9) 2: 73.
TL: East-India.
TD: UZM.
Material examined. Jharkhand: East Singhbhum, Dalma WLS, Pindrabera , (N22°53.618’, E086°11.782’, GoogleMaps
670m), 30.XI.2011, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh; same data, 02.XII.2011, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh ; Netarhat , (N23°28.587’, E084°16.564’, 1100m), 12.X.2012, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; Koderma, Urwan , (N24°20.843’, E085°27.682’, 385m), 15.X.2012, 4 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; Hazaribagh, Salparni ( HWLS), (N24°08.155’, E085°17.170’, 552m), 13.IX.2015, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; same data, 05.X.2015, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; same data, 04.IX.2016, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; Rajderwa ( HWLS), (N24°08.336’, E085°19.148’, 492m), 02.IX.2016, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; same data, 04.X.2016, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh. GoogleMaps Bihar: Bodhgaya, Gautam Budha WLS, Lohawar Hill , (N24°28.378’, E085°09.657’), 25.VIII.2017, 2 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; Bhaluachatti , (N24°27.227’, E085°08.733’), 21-23.VIII.2017, 9 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; Valmiki TR, Madanpur , (N27°13.808’, E084°00.360’, 272m), 25.III.2017, 2 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; Mangooraha , (N27°18.482’, E084°31.751’, 300m), 16-17.X.2017, 5 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps , 28.III.2017, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; Naurangia , (N27°24.445’, E084°07.187’, 550m), 13.X.2017, 1 ex.,leg. N.Singh GoogleMaps ; Govardhana , (N27°19.563’, E084°18.612’, 463m), 15.X.2017, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps , 27.III.2017, 3 ex., leg. N. Singh. GoogleMaps Mizoram: Serchhip , (N23°20.456’, E092°51.458’, 982.8m), 15.III.2020, 1 ex. leg. N. Kuni. GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. Bihar, Mizoram (present study); Almora, Mussoorie, Mainpuri, N.E. Bengal, Mumbai, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Andamans ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Maharashtra (Malshej Ghat, Amboli) ( Shubhalaxmi et al. 2011); Kerala ( Sondhi et al. 2018) ; Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Jammu & Kashmir, Chattisgarh, Goa (Singh 2019; Chandra et al. 2019).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Java, Celebes, Thailand, Nepal, Vietnam, China, Indonesia ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002).
Host plants. Bombax ceiba (Bombacaceae) on leaves, Memeylon edule (Melastomataceae) , Ficus (Moraceae) , Cleistocalyx operculatus (Myrtaceae) , Eucalyptus citriodora on leaves, Eugenia on leaves, Syzygium cumini on stem, leaves ( Robinson et al. 2001).
51. Carea internifusca Hampson, 1912
Carea internifusca Hampson, 1912 , Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, 11: 558. Carea acutapex Strand, 1920 , Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 84A (12): 123.
TL: Khasis , Meghalaya, India. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasis), Tamil Nadu (Chennai, Nilgiris), West Bengal, Assam ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013; Chandra et al. 2019).
Elsewhere. Thailand, Vietnam, China, Taiwan, Japan ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013; Wu et al. 2020).
52. Carea nebulifera Warren, 1912
Carea nebulifera Warren, 1912 , Novitates Zoologicae, 19: 40.
TL: Khasia Hills , Meghalaya, India. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Khasia Hills ( Warren 1912).
Elsewhere. Nepal ( Yoshimoto 1994).
53. Carea obsolescens Moore, 1884
Carea obsolescens Moore, 1884 , Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1884: 356.
TL: Mumbai, Maharashtra; Coonoor , Tamil Nadu, India. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Mumbai, Mahabaleshwar, Chennai, Nilgiris ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Poole 1989). Elsewhere. Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Pundaloya ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Poole 1989).
54. Carea varipes Walker, 1856
Carea varipes Walker, 1856 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum 10: 475.
Chora curvifera Walker, 1862 , Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology) 6: 188.
Dabarita rhodophila Walker, 1865, List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum 33: 718.
Carea roseotincta Roepke, 1938 , Bulletin du Musée Royal d’Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, 14 (13): 33.
TL: Malacca, Malaysia. Lectotype (♂) designated by Swinhoe (1900).
TD: OUMNH.
Distribution in India. Assam ( Hampson 1894; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Tamil Nadu ( Das et al. 2020).
Elsewhere. Hong Kong, Sri Lanka, Penang, Singapore, Borneo, Java Thailand, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan, China ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Oriental Region to Sundaland, Sulawesi ( Holloway 2003).
Host plants. Campomanesia xanthocarpa , Cleistocalyx operculates , Rhodomyrtus, Paliuru , Ziziphus (Myrtaceae) Robinson et al. (2001).
Genus Chandica Moore, 1888
Type species: Chandica quadripennis Moore, 1888
55. Chandica quadripennis Moore, 1888 ( Fig. 11 View FIGURES 9–16 )
Chandica quadripennis Moore, 1888 , In: Hewitson & Moore, Description of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the late Mr. W.S. Atkinson, 1888: 286.
Chandica gertae Kobes, 1997 , Heterocera Sumatrana, 11: 34.
TL: Darjeeling , West Bengal, India. Syntypes (♂) .
TD: MFN.
Material examined. Jharkhand: East Singhbhum, Dalma WLS, Pindrabera , (N22°53.618’, E086°11.782’, 670m), 30.XI.2011, 2 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; same data, 01.XII.2011, 4 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; same data, 19-23.X.2013, 9 ex., leg. N. Singh. GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. Sikkim, Jharkhand, West Bengal (Darjeeling), Tripura, Odisha ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013; Chandra et al. 2019); Himalayan Region ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Borneo, Malaysia, Sumatra, Southern China, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines ( Hampson 1912; Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Genus Characoma Walker, 1863
Type species: Characoma albulalis Walker, 1863
56. Characoma glaucopasta Hampson, 1912
Characoma glaucopasta Hampson, 1912 , Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, 11: 235.
TL: Sikkim, India. Syntypes (1 ♂, 4 ♀) .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Sikkim, Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Taiwan. ( Hampson 1912; Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
57. Characoma metalophota ( Hampson, 1896)
Blenina metalophota Hampson, 1896 , The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Moths, 4: 526.
TL: Khasis , Meghalaya, India. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Maghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1896, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Straits of Malacca, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia, Philippines
( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Sundaland. ( Holloway 2003).
58. Characoma pallidorsum Holloway, 2003
Characoma pallidorsum Holloway, 2003 , The Moths of Borneo, 18: 69.
TL: Gunong Mulu Nat. Park , Sarawak, Borneo. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Borneo, Singapore, Philippines ( Holloway 2003).
Genus Chloethripa Hampson, 1912
Type species: Sarrothripa chlorana Hampson, 1896
59. Chloethripa chlorana ( Hampson, 1896)
Sarrothripa chlorana Hampson, 1896 , The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Moths, 4: 528.
TL: Sikkim, India. Holotype.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Sikkim, Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1896; Poole 1989).
Genus Churia Moore, 1881
Type species: Churia nigrisigna Moore, 1881
60. Churia maculata Moore, 1881
Churia maculata Moore, 1881 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881: 360.
TL: Sri Lanka.
TD: Not known.
Distribution in India. Kolkata, Chennai, Nilgiris, Palnis ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Poole 1989).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka ( Hampson 1912; Poole 1989).
61. Churia nigrisigna Moore, 1881
Churia nigrisigna Moore, 1881 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881: 360.
Churia ochracea, Moore, 1881 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881: 360.
TL: Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
TD: MFN.
Distribution in India. Kolkata ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Poole 1989).
Host plant. Grewia laevigata (Tiliaceae) on leaves ( Robinson et al. 2001).
62. Churia ocellata ( Butler, 1889)
Anomis ocellata Butler, 1889 , Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum, (7): 72.
TL: Dharamsala , Himachal Pradesh, India. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. N.W. Himalayas, Kulu, Sultanpur, Dalhousie, Shimla, Kasauli, Dharmsala, Assam, Nagaland ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Poole 1989).
Elsewhere. Pakistan ( Hampson 1912; Poole 1989).
Genus Clethrophora Hampson, 1894
Type species: Gonitis distincta Leech, 1889
63. Clethrophora distincta ( Leech, 1889)
Gonitis distincta Leech, 1889 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1889: 506.
TL: Nagahama , Japan; Gensan, Korea. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Sikkim, Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Japan, Korea, Gensan, Straits Settlements, Perak, Larut Hills, Java, Thailand, Nepal, Indonesia, Taiwan, China ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Genus Detounda Walker, 1864
Type species: Detounda spurcata Walker, 1864
64. Detounda rectimarginata ( Hampson, 1896)
Orthocraspis rectimarginata Hampson, 1896 , The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Moths, 4: 530.
TL: Bhutan. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Andaman Isl., Nicobar Isl. ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013). Elsewhere. Bhutan, Thailand, Bhutan, Indonesia (Sumatra) ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Genus Didigua Walker, 1862
Type species: Didigua purpureoscripta Walker, 1862
65. Didigua immemor Warren, 1916
Didigua immemor Warren, 1916 , Novitates Zoologicae, 23: 221.
TL: Khasis, Meghalaya, India.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Khasis ( Warren 1916; Holloway 2003).
66. Didigua lilacina ( Hampson, 1894)
Churia lilacina Hampson, 1894 , The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Moths, 2: 418.
Churia purpureoscripta ssp. sumatrana Roepke, 1935 , Zoologische Mededeelingen, 18: 271.
Carea cineracea Holloway, 1976 , Moths of Borneo with special reference to Mount Kinabalu, 1976: 23.
TL: Sikkim, India. Holotype (♀).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Sikkim ( Hampson 1894; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Borneo, Sumatra ( Holloway 2003); Thailand, Cambodia, Malay Peninsula, Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
67. Didigua viridipicta ( Hampson, 1896)
Churia viridipicta Hampson, 1896 , The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Moths, 4: 530.
TL: Khasis , Meghalaya, India. Holotype.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1896, 1912; Kobes 1997); Himalayan region ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Sumatra ( Kobes 1997).
Genus Diehlea Kobes, 1997
Type species: Carea tumida Hampson, 1905
68. Diehlea nicobarensis ( Warren, 1916)
Carea nicobarensis Warren, 1916 , Novitates Zoologicae, 23: 224.
TL: Nicobar Island, India.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Nicobar Is. ( Warren 1916; Holloway 2003).
69. Diehlea tumida (Hampson, 1905)
Carea tumida Hampson, 1905 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) 16: 594.
TL: Sadong, Borneo. Syntypes (1♂, 1♀).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Andamans ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013)
Elsewhere. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia, Thailand, South China, Philippines ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plant. Decaspermum (Myrtaceae) ( Robinson et al. 2001).
Genus Dilophothripa Hampson, 1898
Type species: Dilophothripa chrysorrhoea Hampson, 1898
70. Dilophothripa brachytorna Hampson, 1907
Dilophothripa brachytorna Hampson, 1907 , The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 17: 655.
TL: Canara , Karwar, Karnataka, India. Holotype.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Canara, Karwar, Mumbai ( Hampson 1907b, 1912; Poole 1989).
Elsewhere. Borneo, Sarawak ( Hampson 1912; Poole 1989).
Host plants. Buchanania latifolia (Anacardiaceae) , Terminalia paniculata (Combretaceae) on flowers, Calophyllum inophyllum (Guttiferae) on leaves ( Robinson et al. 2001).
71. Dilophothripa chrysorrhoea Hampson, 1898
Dilophothripa chrysorrhaea Hampson, 1898 , The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 11: 452.
TL: Khasis , Meghalaya, India. Holotype.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1912); N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi ( Holloway 2003).
72. Dilophothripa lobata Hampson, 1907
Dilophothripa lobata Hampson, 1907 , The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 17: 654.
TL: Khasis , Meghalaya, India. Holotype.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1907b); N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Singapore ( Hampson 1912; Holloway 2003).
Host plant. Cynometra (Leguminosae) ( Robinson et al. 2001) .
73. Dilophothripa perfecta (Swinhoe, 1919)
Characoma perfecta Swinhoe, 1919 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 4: 118.
TL: Khasia Hills, Meghalaya, India.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Khasia Hills ( Poole 1989).
Genus Earias Hübner, [1825] 1816
Type species: Phalaena clorana Linnaeus, 1761
74. Earias apicebrunnea Warren, 1916
Earias apicebrunnea Warren, 1916 , Novitates Zoologicae, 23: 216.
TL: Khasia Hills , Meghalaya, India. Syntypes (2♂, 3♀) .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Khasia Hills ( Warren 1916; Poole 1989).
75. Earias biplaga Walker, 1866
Earias biplaga Walker, 1866 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 35: 1773.
Earias fuscociliana Snellen, 1872 , Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 15: 36.
Earias maculana Snellen, 1872 , Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 15: 36.
Earias plaga Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874 , Reise Österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1859. Zoologischer Theil, Zweiter Band, Zweite Abtheilung, Lepidoptera , 2: Pl. 108: 20.
Earias citrina Saalmüller, 1884 , Lepidopteren von Madagascar, 1: 178.
Earias crocea Mabille, 1900 , Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 68: 727.
Earias punctilinealis Strand, 1917 , Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 82(A1) 1: 89.
Earias citrinella Strand, 1917 , Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 82(A1) 1: 89.
Earias citrinoides Strand, 1917 , Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 82(A1) 1: 89.
Earias citrinula Strand, 1917 , Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 82(A1) 1: 89.
TL: Sierra Leone. Holotype (♀).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. India ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Thailand, Africa (except North Africa), Madagascar, Seychelles, Middle East, West Europe, Nepal, Vietnam, New Guinea ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Remarks. The exact distribution within India is not mentioned clearly by Kononenko and Pinratana (2013).
76. Earias cupreoviridis (Walker, 1862) ( Fig. 12 View FIGURES 9–16 )
Xanthoptera cupreoviridis Walker, 1862 , Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, (3) 1: 92.
Earias fulvidana Wallengren, 1863 , Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift, 7: 143.
Earias ? chromataria Walker, 1863, List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 27: 204.
Earias fervida Walker, 1866 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 35: 1774.
Earias limbana Snellen, 1879 , Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 22: 97.
Earias cupreoviridis decolorata Warren, 1913 , Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, 3: 296.
TL: West Africa. Syntypes.
TD: OUMNH.
Material examined. Jharkhand: Latehar, Betla , (N23°53.271’, E084°11.737’, 304m), 13.X.2014, 8 ex., leg GoogleMaps .
N. Singh; Hazaribagh, Salparni , (N24°08.155’, E085°17.170’, 552m), 13.IX.2015, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; West Singhbhum, Saranda Forest, Kiriburu , (N22°07.015, E085°17.242’, 898m), 18-25.X.2013, 7 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; same data, 09.X.2015, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh. GoogleMaps Bihar: Mandar , (N24°44.901’, E87°2.371’, 102m), 16.VI.2013, 3 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; Valmiki TR, Govardhana , (N27°19.563’, E084°18.612’, 463m), 26-27.III.2017, 2 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; Madanpur , (N27°13.808’, E084°00.360’, 272m), 24.III.2017, 1 ex. leg. N. Singh. GoogleMaps Arunachal Pradesh: West Kameng, Tenga Valley , (N27°12.770’, E092°27.871’, 1429m), 09.V.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni. GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. Arunachal Pradesh (present study); Almora, Kulu, Mumbai, Andamans, Nicobar Isl. ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal (Singh 2019); Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura ( Joshi et al. 2021).
Elsewhere. Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002); African and Oriental tropics east to Maluku ( Holloway 2003); Thailand, Central And South Africa, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan, Japan, China, Korea ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plants. Diospyros (Ebenaceae) ( Mell 1943); Oryza (Gramineae) , Corchorus and Grewia (Tiliaceae) , Abelmoschus , Gossypium , Hibiscus , Kydia , Malvastrum and Sida (Malvaceae) ( Robinson et al. 2001).
77. Earias flavida Felder, 1861 ( Fig. 13 View FIGURES 9–16 )
Earias flavida Felder, 1861 , Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie de Wissenschaften, 43(1): 34.
Digba uninotata Walker, 1862 , Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 6: 198.
Earias annulifera Walker, 1866 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 35: 1774.
Earias sulphuraria Moore, 1887 [1884–1887], The Lepidoptera of Ceylon, 3: 490.
TL: Amboina , Indonesia. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Material examined. Jharkhand: East Singhbhum, Dalma WLS., Pindrabera , (N22°53.618’, E086°11.782’, 670m), 01.XII.2011, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh. GoogleMaps Arunachal Pradesh: Tenga Valley , (N27°12.770’, E092°27.871’, 1429m), 21.V.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni GoogleMaps ; Tawang, Jang , (N27°35’246’’, E091°58’739’’, 2151 m), 18.V.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni. Sikkim: East Sikkim, Fambonglho WLS, (N27°21.517’, E088°33.838’, 2120 m), 01.X.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni GoogleMaps ; E. Sikkim, Pangthang , (N27°21.826’, E088°34.115’, 2024m), 03.X.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni. GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. Chennai, Belgaum, Nilgiris, Kerala (Peermade) ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Kerala ( Mathew et al. 2005) ; Jharkhand, Tamil Nadu (Singh 2019).
Elsewhere. Sundaland, New Guinea, E. Australia, Solomons, Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Myanmar, Malay Peninsula, Laos, Vietnam, Philippines, Taiwan, Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia, Timor, New Guinea, Melanesia, Solomon Isl., Tonga, Samoa, Fiji, New Caledonia, Australia, Thailand ( Hampson 1894; Kobes 1997; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002); Indo-Australian tropics east to Samoa and Tonga ( Holloway 2003).
Host plant. Grewia (Tiliaceae) ( Holloway 2003).
78. Earias insulana ( Boisduval, 1833) Tortrix insulana Boisduval, 1833 , Faune Entomologique de Madagascar, Bourbon et Maurice, 1833: 121. Earias siliquana Herrich-Schäffer, [1851] 1845 , Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa, 1851: 448. Earias smaragdinana Zeller, 1852 ; Lepidoptera Microptera, quae J.A. Wahlberg in Cafirorum Terra Collegit, 1852: 79. Earias frondosana Walker, 1863 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 27: 204. Acontia xanthophila Walker, 1863 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 1863:
27. Earias chlorion Rambur, [1866] , Catalogue Systematique des Lépidopteres de Andalousie, 1866: pl. 15, f. 6 Earias simillima Walker, 1866 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 35:
1775. Earias gossypii Frauenfeld, 1867 , Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-K ӧniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien,
17: 791. Earias anthophilana Snellen, 1879 , Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 22: 96. Earias tristrigosa Butler, 1881 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881: 614. Earias dorsivitta Staudinger, 1897 , Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. Gesellschaft Iris zu Dresden, 10: 165. Cinciana nubica Strand, 1915, Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 80 A (10): 96
TL: Mauritius; Bourbon , Réunion; Madagascar. Syntypes .
TD: Unknown.
Distribution in India. North and South India ( Hampson 1894); Madhya Pradesh (Mhow), Uttarakhand (Almora), Uttar Pradesh (Prayagraj), Bihar (Mughal Sarai), Tamilnadu (Coimbatore, Chennai), Maharashtra (Pune, Mumbai) ( Swinhoe 1885, 1886; Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Rajasthan (Aravali Range) ( Sharma 2011).
Elsewhere. Africa, Mauritius, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Siam, Thailand, Africa, Madagascar, Seychelles, Near East, South Europe, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Myanmar, Malaysia, Philippines; Indonesia, Australia ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002).
Host plants. Ceratonia siliqua (Leguminosae) , Abelmoschus esculentus (Malvaceae) on pods, in fruits, Abutilon , Alcea rosea on flowers, Gossypium on buds/seeds, Hibiscus on buds/flowers, in pods, Sesamum (Pedaliaceae) , ( Sapotaceae ) Manilkara zopata , ( Tamaricaceae ) Tamarix aphylla ( Robinson et al. 2001) .
79. Earias luteolaria Hampson, 1891 ( Fig. 14 View FIGURES 9–16 )
Earias luteolaria Hampson, 1891 , Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum, 8: 46.
TL: Nilgiri district, Tamil Nadu, India.
TD: NHMUK.
Material examined. Jharkhand: East Singhbhum, Dalma WLS, Pindrabera , (N22°53.618’, E086°11.782’, 670m), 21-22.X.2013, 2 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; same data, 08.X.2015, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; West Singhbhum, Saranda Forest, Kiriburu , (N22°07.015, E085°17.242’, 898m), 09.X.2016, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh. GoogleMaps Bihar: W. Champaran, Valmiki Tiger Reserve, Mangooraha , (N27°18.482’, E084°31.751’, 300m), 16.X.2017, 2 ex., leg. N. Singh. GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. Bihar (present study); Nagaland, Nilgiris, Chennai, Andamans ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kobes 1997); Jharkhand, Nagaland, Tamil Nadu (Singh 2019).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, New Caledonia, Queensland, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Solomons, New Hebrides Samoa, Tonga, Fiji ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kobes 1997); Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002).
Host plants. Bombax malabaricum (Bombacaceae) on flowers, Hibiscus (Malvaceae) , Grewia (Tiliaceae) on flower buds ( Robinson et al., 2001).
80. Earias pudicana Staudinger, 1887
Earias pudicana Staudinger, 1887 , Memoirés sur les Lepidoptéres, 3: 174.
Earias pupillana Staudinger, 1887 , Memoirés sur les Lepidoptéres, 3: 176.
Earias pupillana paginalis Bryk, 1949 , Arkiv for Zoologi, 41 (1): 114.
TL: Amur, SE Siberia, USSR; Vladivostok, Russia. Syntypes (3♂) ,
TD: MFN.
Distribution in India. Kulu, Kangra ( Hampson 1912; Poole 1989).
Elsewhere. E. Siberia, Ussuri, Japan; China, Moupin, Amur, Korea ( Hampson 1912; Poole 1989).
81. Earias roseifera Butler, 1881
Earias roseifera Butler, 1881 , Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1881: 18.
Earias erubescens Staudinger, 1887 , Memoirés sur les Lepidoptéres, 3: 176.
Earias jezoensis Sugi, 1982 , Moths of Japan, 1: 797.
TL: Tokyo, Japan. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Assam, Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1912; Poole 1989).
Elsewhere. E. Siberia, Japan, China, Taiwan, Korea, South of Russian Far East, Thailand ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Remarks. Distribution of this species was not mentioned from India by Kononenko and Pinratana (2013).
82. Earias roseoviridis Sugi, 1982
Earias roseoviridis Sugi, 1982 , Moths of Japan, 1: 797.
TL: Sapporo , Hokkaido, Japan. Holotype (♂).
TD: NIAES, Tsukuba.
Distribution in India. Uttarakhand ( Chandra et al. 2019), India ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Thailand, Vietnam, Taiwan Japan, Korea, South of Russian Far East ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Remarks. The exact distribution within India is not mentioned clearly by Kononenko and Pinratana (2013).
83. Earias venusta Warren, 1916
Earias venusta Warren, 1916 , Novitates Zoologicae, 23: 216.
TL: Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Shimla ( Warren 1916; Poole 1989).
Remarks. Not known from other areas so far.
84. Earias vittella ( Fabricius, 1794) ( Fig. 15 View FIGURES 9–16 )
Tinea vittella Fabricius, 1794 , Entomologiae Systemaatica emendaata et Aucta. Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Adjectis Synonymis, Locis, Descritptionibus Observationibus, 3(3): 293.
Noctua fabia Stoll, [1781] , In: Cramer, Papillons exotiques des trois parties du monde, 4: 124.
Aphiusa speiplena Walker, [1858] 1857, List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 12: 770.
Micra partita Walker, 1865 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 33: 799.
Earias huegeli Rogenhofer, 1870 , Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-K ӧniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 20: 872.
Earias perhuegeli Holloway, 1977 , Series Entomologica, 13: 78.
TL: East Indies.
TD: Unknown.
Material examined. Jharkhand: Latehar, Betla , (N23°53.271’, E084°11.737’, 304 m), 13.X.2014, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; Koderma, Urwan , (N24°20.843’, E085°27.682’, 385m), 25.X.2013, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh. GoogleMaps Bihar: Mandar , (N24°44.901’, E87° 2.371, 102m), 16.VI.2013, 01 ex., leg. N. Singh. GoogleMaps Sikkim: South Sikkim, Namthang , (N27°10.548’, E088°28.039’, 1456m), 12.X.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni. GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. Sikkim (present study); Mhow ( Swinhoe, 1886); Punjab, Kolkata, Ganjam, South India ( Hampson 1894); Prayagraj, Kanpur, Mumbai, Chennai, Gooty, Coimbatore, Andamans ( Hampson 1912); Andaman & Nicobar Island ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Orissa ( Mandal and Maulik 1991); Kerala ( Francy and Mathew 2006) ; Rajasthan (Aravali Range) ( Sharma 2011); Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal (Singh 2019).
Elsewhere. East Africa, Seychelles, Middle East, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal Myanmar, Vietnam, South China, Taiwan, Japan, Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia, New Guinea, Melanesia, Solomon Isl., Fiji, Polynesia, Samoa, Vanuatu, Hew Hebrides, New Caledonia, Australia, Thailand ( Hampson 1894; Kobes 1997; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002); Indo-Australian tropics north to Japan and east to New Caledonia and Fiji ( Holloway 2003).
Host plants. Abelmoschus , Abutilon , Alcea , Gossypium , Hibiscus , Malachra , Malvastrum , Sida , Thespesia and Urena [ Malvaceae ] and Solanum [ Solanaceae ] ( Holloway 2003).
Genus Erizada Walker, 1865
Type species: Erizada lichenaria Walker, 1865
85. Erizada lichenaria Walker, 1865
Erizada lichenaria Walker, 1865 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 32: 507.
Rhizana metarhoda Walker, 1865 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 33: 720.
Tinosoma hyperythrum Hampson, 1894 , The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Moths, 2: 426.
Erizada semifervens maculata Gaede, 1938 , Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, 11: 443
Erizada semifervens punctata Gaede, 1938 , Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, 11: 443
TL: Java, Indonesia. Holotype.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Naga Hills, Kerala (Peermade), Ashambu Hills, Andamans ( Hampson 1894; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Indian Subregion ( Holloway 2003); Kerala (Vagamon hills, Idukki) ( Mathew et al. 2018) .
Elsewhere. Borneo ( Hampson 1894); Thailand, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Myanmar, Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Indian Subregion to Sundaland, Palawan ( Holloway 2003).
Remarks. The above species was tretated as synonym of Didiguides semifervens Walker, 1864 and thus D. semifervens was mentioned from India in some publication by Indian authors. Later, E. lichenaria was revived by Holloway (2003) and restricted D. semifervens to Indonesia and thus later is not included in this list.
Host plants. Durio (Bombacaceae) , Nephelium (Sapindaceae) ( Holloway 2003).
Genus Etanna Walker, 1862
Type species: Etanna basalis Walker, 1862
86. Etanna albisecta (Hampson, 1905)
Nanaguna albisecta Hampson, 1905 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) 16: 583.
Cletthara basalis Moore, 1885 [1884–1887], The Lepidoptera of Ceylon, 3: 105.
TL: Puttalam , Sri Lanka. Holotype (♀).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasis), Nagaland ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Indian Subregion ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Sambawa ( Hampson 1912); Indian Subregion to Queensland and the Solomons ( Holloway 2003); Thailand, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Vanuatu, Philippines, New Hebrides, Melanesia, Fiji, Solomon Isl, Australia ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plant. Buchanania (Anacardiaceae) ( Robinson et al. 2001).
87. Etanna albonotata ( Hampson, 1894) ( Fig. 16 View FIGURES 9–16 )
Cletthara albonotata Hampson, 1894 , The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Moths, 2: 384.
TL: Tenasserim , Myanmar. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Material examined. Arunachal Pradesh: Eaglenest WLS, Sundarview , (N27°06’53.3, E92°26’12.8, 2545m), 26.V.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni GoogleMaps ; Tenga Valley , (N27°12.770’, E092°27.871’, 1429m), 24.V.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni. GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. Arunachal Pradesh (present study); Sikkim ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Myanmar, New Guinea, Bismarcks, Solomons, Thailand, Nepal, Malay Peninsula. Vietnam, Malaysia (Borneo), Indonesia (Sumatra, Sumbawa, Flores), Philippines ( Hampson 1912; Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
88. Etanna basalis Walker, 1862
Etanna basalis Walker, 1862 , Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 6: 119.
Andrapha basalis Walker, 1866 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 35: 1742.
Dendrothripa atrifasciata Hampson, 1896 , The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Moths, 4: 528.
Dendrothripa mackwoodi Hampson, 1902 , The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 14: 211.
Etanna maccvoodi Hampson, 1912 , Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, 11: 225.
TL: Sarawak, Borneo. Syntypes. TD: OUMNH .
Distribution in India. India ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Thailand, Sri Lanka, South China, Myanmar, Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, New Guinea, Australia ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plant. Mangifera (Anacardiaceae) flowers ( Holloway 2003).
Remarks. The exact distribution locality within India is not mentioned clearly by Kononenko and Pinratana (2013).
89. Etanna binotata ( Hampson, 1912) ( Fig. 17 View FIGURES 17–24 )
Apothripa binotata Hampson, 1912 , Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, 11: 250.
TL: Khasis , Meghalaya, India. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Material examined. Mizoram: Teirei, Dampa Tiger Reserve , (N23°41.384’, E092°27.035’, 270.2 m), 10.III.2020, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni. GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. Mizoram (present study); Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Borneo, New Guinea, Solomons ( Holloway 2003); Thailand, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Vanuatu, Philippines, New Hebrides, Melanesia, Fiji, Solomon Isl, Australia ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
90. Etanna breviuscula (Walker, 1863) ( Fig. 18 View FIGURES 17–24 )
Nanaguna breviuscula Walker, 1863 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 27: 85.
Clettharra valida Walker, 1863 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 27: 101.
Bagistana rudis Walker, 1864 , Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 7: 194.
Thrypdicodes xyloglypta Lucas, 1890, Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 4(2): 1073.
Symitha nigridisca Hampson, 1891 , Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum, 8: 19, 87.
Clettharra floccifera Hampson, 1894 , The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Moths, 2: 386.
TL: Sarawak, Borneo. Syntypes (♀) .
TD: OUMNH.
Material examined. Bihar: Valmiki TR, Govardhana , (N2719.563’, E08418.612’, 463m), 26.III.2017, 1ex. leg. N. Singh ( NZC, ZSI Patna) . Mizoram: Serchhip , (N23°20.456’, E092°51.458’, 982.8m), 15.III.2020, 1 ex. GoogleMaps Arunachal Pradesh, West Kameng, Shergaon , (N27°08’03.5”, E092°16’26.8”, 1384m), 11.V.2019, 2 exs., leg. N. Kuni. GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. Bihar, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh (present study); Nilgiris, Nagaland, Kangra, Sikkim, Kolkata, Chennai ( Hampson, 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Borneo, New Guinea, Nepal, West China , Japan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Melanesia, Solomon Isl., Samoa, Fiji, Vanuatu, New Hebrides, New Caledonia, Australia, Comores, Thailand ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002); Indo-Australian tropics to Queensland and Fiji ( Holloway 2003).
Host plants. Anacardium , Mangifera (Anacardiaceae) ; Shorea (Dipterocarpaceae) ; Cajanus, Calliandra , Desmodium (Leguminosae) ; Trema (Ulmaceae) . The records are for both flower and foliage feeding ( Holloway 2003).
91. Etanna brunnea (Hampson, 1905)
Nanaguna brunnea Hampson, 1905 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) 16: 583.
Nanaguna praedulcis Turner, 1920 , Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia, 44: 177.
TL: Khasis , Meghalaya, India. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1912; Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Pulo Laut ( Hampson 1912); Indo-Australian tropics to Queensland and the Solomons ( Holloway
2003).
92. Etanna iphida ( Swinhoe, 1901)
Clettharra iphida Swinhoe, 1901 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7: 490.
TL: Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya, India.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Jaintia Hills) ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Genus Gabala Walker, 1866
Type species: Gabala polyspilalis Walker, [1866] 1865
93. Gabala argentata Butler, 1878
Gabala argentata Butler, 1878 , Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum, 2: 56.
TL: Tokyo, Yokohama , Japan. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Himachal Pradesh (Dharmsala), Assam, Uttarakhand, Arunachal Pradesh ( Hampson 1912; Kendrick 2002; Chandra et al. 2019).
Elsewhere. Japan, Korea, Gensan, Hongkong, Myanmar, Hsipaw, Thailand, Vietnam, China, Taiwan ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plant. Rhus hypoleuca (Anacardiaceae) ( Robinson et al. 2001).
Remarks. Kononenko and Pinratana (2013) did not mentioned it from India. Further, the species author erroreously mentioned as Walker instead of Butler by the same authors.
94. Gabala polyspilalis Walker, [1866] 1865 ( Fig. 19 View FIGURES 17–24 )
Gabala polyspilalis Walker, [1866] 1865 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 34: 1221.
TL: Hindustan ( India). Holotype (♂). TD: NHMUK. Material examined. Mizoram: Serchhip , (N23°20.456’, E92°51.458’, 982.8m), 15.III.2020, 1 ex. leg. N. Kuni. GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. Mizoram (present study); Sikkim, Chennai, Nilgiris ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Maharashtra (Mumbai), Gujarat, Goa, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu ( Shubhalaxmi et al. 2011).
Elsewhere. Thailand, Nepal ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plant. Garuga pinnata (Burseraceae) on galls ( Robinson et al. 2001).
95. Gabala roseoretis Kobes, 1988 ( Fig. 20 View FIGURES 17–24 )
Gabala roseoretis Kobes, 1988 , Heterocera Sumatrana, 2 (6): 88.
TL: Prapat , Sumatra. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Material examined. West Bengal: Darjeeling, Charkhole , (N27° 0000, E88° 5340, 1678m), 04.VIII.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni. GoogleMaps Sikkim: E. Sikkim, Fambonglho WLS, (N27°21.517’, E088°33.838’, 2120 m), 02.X.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni. GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. West Bengal, Sikkim (present study); Himalayan Region ( Kobes 1997); India ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Sumatra, Borneo, Taiwan, Nepal, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines ( Kobes 1997; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Genus Garella Walker, [1863] 1864
Type species: Garella rotundipennis Walker, [1863] 1864
96. Garella araca (Swinhoe, 1919)
Characoma araca Swinhoe, 1919 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 4: 119.
TL: Khasis Hills , Meghalaya, India. Syntypes (1♂, 4♀) .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Khasia Hills ( Swinhoe 1919b)
Elsewhere. Eurasian ( Fibiger et al. 2009).
97. Garella curiosa ( Swinhoe, 1890)
Selepa curiosa Swinhoe, 1890 , Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1890: 235.
TL: Rangoon, Myanmar. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. N. E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Myanmar, Java, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Australia, Thailand ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
98. Garella docilis (Butler, 1881)
Selepa docilis Butler, 1881 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881: 619.
Plotheia canofusa Hampson, 1905 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7)16: 580.
TL: Karachi , Pakistan. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Punjab, Mainpuri, Mughalsarai, Mumbai, Kutch ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Thailand, South Africa, Nigeria, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Iran, South Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plants. Arachis hypogaea (Leguminosae) , Solanum (Solanaceae) ( Robinson et al. 2001).
99. Garella musculana ( Erschoff, 1874)
Sarrothripa musculana Erschoff, 1874 , Travels in Turkestan, 2(5): 31.
TL: [Zeravshan Valley ( Tajikistan)] Sarafschan Valley, near Iori, Turkestan, USSR ( Poole 1989).
TD: ZI, St. Petersburg.
Distribution in India. Kashmir ( Khan et al. 2011), India ( Fibiger et al. 2009).
Elsewhere. Eurasiatic, Central Asia, Turkestan, Crimea, N. Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan ( Fibiger et al. 2009).
100. Garella nilotica ( Rogenhofer, 1881)
Sarrothripa nilotica Rogenhofer, 1881 , Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-K ӧniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 31: 26.
Paraxia chamaeleon M ӧschler, 1890, Abhandlungen der Senkenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 16: 121.
Cletthara littora Bethune-Baker, 1894, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1894: 35.
Nycteola proteella Dyar, 1898 , Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 6: 40.
Thalpochares laurea Druce, 1898 , In: Godman & Salvin (1891 -1900), Biologia Centrali-Americana; or Contributions to the Knowledge of the Fauna of Mexico and Central America. Zoology. Lepidoptera Heterocera by H. Druce, 2: 497.
Characoma nigriflammea Pinker & Bacallado, 1975 , Vieraea , 5(1-2): 126.
TL: Alexandria, Egypt. Holotype.
TD: MFN ( Poole 1989)
Distribution in India. Chennai, Horsleykonda ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Thailand, South Europe, Near East, Africa, Nepal, Myanmar, Malay Peninsula, New Guinea; Melanesia, Vanuatu New Hebrides, Samoa, Fiji, Australia, North and South America, Honduras, Costa Rica, Bahamas, Grand Cayman, Cuba, Portc Rico, Canaries, Sierra Leone, Gambia, Bathurst, S. Nigeria, N. Nigeria, Egypt, Sri Lanka ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plants. Mangifera indica (Aanacardiaceae) , ( Combretaceae ) Terminalia , ( Lythraceae ) Sonneratia alba (Rubiaceae) Ixora , ( Tamaricaceae ) Tamarix , ( Tiliaceae ) Grewia asiatica ( Robinson et al. 2001) .
Remarks. The type depository was mentoned as NHMUK by Kononenko & Pinratana (2013).
101. Garella polia ( Hampson, 1898)
Hypothripa polia Hampson, 1898 , The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 11 (3): 452.
TL: Khasis , Meghalaya, India. Holotype.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1898; Poole 1989).
102. Garella rotundipennis Walker, [1863]1864
Garella rotundipennis Walker, [1863]1864 , Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 7: 52. Characoma basisuffusa Holloway, 1976 , Moths of Borneo with special reference to Mt. Kinabalu, 1976: 21.
TL: Sarawak, Borneo.
TD: OUMNH.
Distribution in India. Shimla, Kangra ( Hampson 1912; Kendrick 2002).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Sarawak, Queensland, Townsville ( Hampson 1912); Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002); Borneo, Java, New Guinea ( Holloway 2003).
Host plants. Terminalia tomentosa (Combretaceae) , Erythrina variegata (Leguminosae) , Helicteres isora (Sterculiaceae) ( Robinson et al. 2001).
103. Garella ruficirra (Hampson, 1905) ( Fig. 21 View FIGURES 17–24 )
Hypothripa ruficirra Hampson, 1905 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 16 (7): 540.
TL: Yokohama , Japan. Syntypes (2♂) .
TD: NHMUK.
Material examined. Arunachal Pradesh: Tawang, Jang, (N27°35’246’’, E091°58’739’’, 2151 m), 19.V.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni.
Distribution in India. Arunachal Pradesh (present study); Sikkim, Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002); Thailand, Nepal, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Taiwan, China, Japan, Korea, Borneo ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plants. Castanea , Quercus and Lithocarpus [ Fagaceae ], Juglans [ Juglandaceae ] ( Holloway 2003).
104. Garella scoparioides (Walker, [1863] 1864)
Corticata scoparioides Walker, [1863]1864 , Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 7: 53. Dendrothripa rufipuncta Hampson, 1896 , The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Moths, 4: 527. Characoma excurvata Prout, 1922 , Bulletin of the Hill Museum, 1: 212.
TL: Sarawak, Borneo.
TD: OUMNH.
Distribution in India. Kangra ( Hampson 1896); Indian Subregion ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Ranges from Indian Subregion east to Queensland, Fiji, Samoa and Indonesia ( Holloway 2003).
Host plants. Terminalia (Combretaceae) , Erythrina (Leguminosae) and Helicteres (Sterculiaceae) ( Holloway 2003).
Genus Gariga Walker, [1863] 1864
Type species: Gariga argentilinea Walker, [1863]1864
105. Gariga mirabilis ( Swinhoe, 1890)
Cletthora mirabilis Swinhoe, 1890 , Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1890: 237.
TL: Rangoon, Myanmar.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Mumbai, Canara, Karwar ( Hampson 1912; Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Bali, Sumbawa, Sumatra ( Hampson 1912; Holloway 2003); Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002).
Genus Gelastocera Butler, 1877
Type species: Gelastocera exusta Butler, 1877
106. Gelastocera castanea ( Moore, 1879)
Beara castanea Moore, 1879 , Description of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the late Mr.W.S. Atkinson, 1879: 71.
TL: Darjeeling , West Bengal, India. Syntypes .
TD: MFN.
Distribution in India. Sikkim, West Bengal (Darjeeling), Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013; Chandra et al. 2019); N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Sumatra ( Kobes 1997); Thailand, Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Bali ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Sundaland ( Holloway 2003).
Genus Giaura Walker, 1863
Type species: Giaura repletana Walker, 1863
107. Giaura leucophaea Hampson 1905
Giaura leucophaea Hampson, 1905 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7 (16): 541.
TL: Kuching , Sarawak, Borneo. Syntypes (1♂, 1♀) .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Andamans ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Borneo, Myanmar, Australia ( Holloway 2003).
Host plant. Heritiera (Sterculiaceae) ( Robinson et al. 2001).
108. Giaura lichenosa ( Hampson, 1896)
Ptisciana lichenosa Hampson, 1896 , The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Moths, 4: 527.
TL: Khasis , Meghalaya, India. Holotype.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1896, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Borneo, Bali, Sulawesi ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013; Holloway 2003).
109. Giaura multipunctata Swinhoe, 1919 ( Fig. 22 View FIGURES 17–24 )
Giaura multipunctata Swinhoe, 1919 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (9) 4: 119.
Sarotricha punctata Lucas, 1890 , Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, (2) 4: 1075.
Symitha punctata Swinhoe, 1890 , Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1890: 236.
TL: Rangoon, Myanmar.
TD: NHMUK.
Material examined. Arunachal Pradesh: West Kameng, Tenga Valley , (N27°12.770’, E092°27.871’, 1429m), 24.V.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni. GoogleMaps Sikkim: East Sikkim, Fambonglho WLS, (N27°21.517’, E088°33.838’, 2120 m), 07.X.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni. GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. Arunachal Pradesh (present study); Sikkim, Nagaland, Assam ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Indian Subregion ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Bhutan, Myanmar, Queensland ( Hampson 1894, 1912); Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002); Thailand, Nepal, South China, Malay Peninsula, Malaysia, Borneo, Brunei, Indonesia ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013; Holloway 2003).
Host plant. Grewia (Tiliaceae) ( Holloway 2003).
110. Giaura niveidisca ( Hampson, 1894)
Argyrothripa niveidisca Hampson, 1894 , The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Moths, 2: 382.
Cletthara triangularis Hampson, 1894 , The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Moths, 2: 386.
TL: Tenasserim , Myanmar. Holotype.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Assam (Dunsiri Valley) ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Himalayan region ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Bhutan, Myanmar, Tenasserim, Thailand, China, Vietnam, Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia, Philippines, Sulawesi ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013; Holloway 2003).
Host plant. Pterospermum (Sterculiaceae) ( Holloway 2003).
111. Giaura robusta (Moore, 1888)
Selepa robusta Moore, 1888 , In: Hewitson & Moore, Description of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the late Mr. W.S. Atkinson, 1888: 288.
TL: Darjeeling , West Bengal, India. Syntypes .
TD: MFN.
Distribution in India. Sikkim, Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1894, 1912); N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003); Darjeeling ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002); Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Philippines ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013; Holloway 2003).
112. Giaura sceptica ( Swinhoe, 1885)
Symitha sceptica Swinhoe, 1885 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1885: 461.
TL: Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Mumbai, Andamans, Punjab, Almora, Karwar ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Poole 1989); Indian Subregion ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Myanmar ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Poole 1989); Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002); Java, Bali, Sulawesi, Timor ( Holloway 2003).
Host plants. Butea monosperma (Leguminosae) on leaves/flowers, Mucuna (Tiliaceae) Grewia on leaves ( Robinson et al. 2001).
113. Giaura tortricoides (Walker, 1866)
Orosa tortricoides Walker, 1866 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 34, 1223. Subrita ? basigerella Walker, 1866, List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 35:
1748 Sarrothripa curvilinea Snellen, 1879 , Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 22: 93. Giaura tortricoides borneonis Gaede, 1937 , In Seitz A. (ed.): Die Gross-Schmetterlinge des Indo-Australischen Faunengebietes, 11: 394. Giaura tortricoides ura Gaede, 1937 , In: Seitz A. (ed.): Die Gross-Schmetterlinge des Indo-Australischen Faunengebietes, 11:
394.
TL: Sri Lanka. Holotype (♀). TD: NHMUK. Distribution in India. Andaman and Nicobar Isl. ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013). Elsewhere. Thailand, Sri Lanka, South Japan, Malaysia, Indonesia, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Australia ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013; Holloway 2003). Host plant. Hibiscus tiliaceus (Malvaceae) ( Holloway 2003)
Genus Gyrtothripa Hampson, 1912
Type species: Gyrtona pusilla Moore, 1888
114. Gyrtothripa pusilla (Moore, 1888) ( Fig. 23 View FIGURES 17–24 )
Gyrtona pusilla Moore, 1888 , In: Hewitson & Moore, Description of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the late Mr. W.S. Atkinson, 1888: 289.
TL: Kolkata , West Bengal, India. Syntypes .
TD: MFN, NHMUK ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013)
Material examined. Mizoram: Mamit , (N23°93, E92° 48, 718 m), 11.III.2020, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni ; Serchhip , (N23°20.456’, E092°51.458’, 982.8m), 14.III.2020, 2 ex. leg. N. Kuni. GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. Mizoram (present study); Shimla, Sikkim, Assam, Nagaland, Kolkata, Ganjam, Andamans ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Singapore, Thailand, Nepal, Laos, Malaysia, Borneo, Brunei, Indonesia, South Japan, Solomon Isl., Australia, West Africa ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002).
Host plants. Mesua (Guttiferae) and Melaleuca (Myrtaceae) foliage, Heritiera (Sterculiaceae) flowers ( Holloway 2003).
115. Gyrtothripa variegata ( Hampson, 1894) ( Fig. 24 View FIGURES 17–24 )
Clettharra variegata Hampson, 1894 , The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Moths, 2: 384.
TL: Tenasserim, Myanmar ( Poole 1989). Nagaland, India. Syntypes. ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013)
TD: NHMUK.
Material examined. Arunachal Pradesh: West Kameng, Tenga Valley , (N27°12.770’, E092°27.871’, 1429m), 08.V.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni GoogleMaps ; Shergaon , (N27°08’03.5”, E092°16’26.8”, 1384m), 11.V.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni. GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. Arunachal Pradesh (present study); Nagaland ( Hampson 1894; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Sikkim ( Hampson 1912); N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Borneo ( Holloway 2003); Thailand, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Malay Peninsula, Vietnam, Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia, Philippines, New Guinea, Australia ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Genus Homophlebia Warren, 1916
Type species: Clethora bilinea Swinhoe, 1890
116. Homophlebia bilinea ( Swinhoe, 1890)
Cletthora bilinea Swinhoe, 1890 , Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1890: 237.
TL: Rangoon, Myanmar. Holotype.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Assam, Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1912).
Elsewhere. Myanmar (Rangoon, E. Pegu, Tenasserim), Bali ( Hampson 1912; Poole 1989).
Host plant. Grewia (Tiliaceae) ( Holloway 2003).
Genus Hylophilodes Hampson, 1912
Type species: Halias orientalis Hampson, 1894
117. Hylophilodes dubia Prout 1926
Hylophilodes dubia Prout, 1926 , The Sarawak Museum Journal, 3: 228.
TL: Mt. Murud , Sarawak, Borneo. Holotype (♀).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram ( Kirti et al. 2014).
Elsewhere. Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Borneo, Sumatra, Palawan ( Kirti et al. 2014).
118. Hylophilodes orientalis ( Hampson, 1894)
Halias orientalis Hampson, 1894 , The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Moths, 2: 132.
Hylophilodes parallela Warren, 1916 , Novitates Zoologicae, 23: 222.
TL: Naga Hills , Nagaland, India. Holotype (♀).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Naga Hills, Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Thailand, South China, North Vietnam ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
119. Hylophilodes pseudorientalis Prout, 1921
Hylophilodes pseudorientalis Prout, 1921 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (9) 8: 12.
Hylophilodes orientalis Hampson, 1912 , Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, 11: 510.
TL: Khasis , Meghalaya, India. Holotype (♀).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasi Hills) ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002); Thailand, Laos, North Vietnam, Indonesia ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
120. Hylophilodes rubromarginata ( Bethune-Baker, 1906)
Hylophila rubromarginata Bethune-Baker, 1906 , Novitates Zoologicae, 13: 219.
TL: Kebea Range , New Guinea. Holotype (♀).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. India ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Thailand, Myanmar, Indonesia, New Guinea, Philippines ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Remarks. The exact distribution locality within India was not mentioned clearly by Kononenko and Pinratana (2013).
Genus Labanda Walker, 1859
Type species: Labanda herbealis Walker, 1859
121. Labanda fasciata (Walker, 1865)
Lazanda fasciata Walker, 1865 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 32: 605.
Diomea muscosa Walker, 1865 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 33: 898.
TL: [ India] Hindostan. Holotype (♀) ( Poole 1989).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Chennai, Nilgiris ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Kerala ( Francy and Mathew 2006) .
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Remarks. Kononenko & Pinratana (2013) erroreously mentioned type locality as Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu ( India); Moulmein (Mawlamyine), Myanmar and Sri Lanka. Probably, mixing the type locality ( Sri Lanka) of the Diomea muscosa .
122. Labanda palliviridis Holloway, 2003
Labanda palliviridis Holloway, 2003 , The Moths of Borneo, 18: 159.
TL: R.G.S. Exped., Gunong Mulu Nat. Park , Sarawak, Borneo. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. N. E. Himalaya, Meghalaya (Khasia Hills) ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia ( Holloway 2003).
123. Labanda saturalis Walker, 1865
Labanda saturalis Walker, 1865 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 34: 1251.
Bocana viridalis Moore, 1867 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867: 88.
TL: India; Sri Lanka. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Sikkim, Meghalaya (Khasis), Chennai, Nilgiris, Kerala (Peermade) ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Punjab ( Singh et al. 2019).
Elsewhere. Myanmar (E. Pegu), Seram ( Hampson 1912); Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia, Thailand ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
124. Labanda semipars (Walker, 1858)
Bryophila semipars Walker, 1858 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 15: 1647.
Bocana pamphosalis Walker, 1859 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 19: 887.
Gerbatha laticincta Walker, 1865 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 33: 913.
TL: Sri Lanka.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Pune, Mhow ( Swinhoe 1885, 1886); Sikkim, W. and S. India ( Hampson 1894); Panjab, Jabalpur, Assam, Shillong, Mumbai, Canara, Karwar, Chennai, Gooty, Nilgiris ( Hampson 1912; Kendrick 2002).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, E. Pegu ( Hampson 1894, 1912); Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002); Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Sumatra, Philippines, Taiwan, South China, Thailand ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plants. Diospyros (Ebenaceae) on leaves, Glochidion velutinum (Euphorbiaceae) ( Robinson et al. 2001). 125. Labanda viridaloides Poole, 1989
Labanda viridaloides Poole, 1989 , Lepidopterorum Catalogues, 118 (2): 560
Labanda viridalis Swinhoe, 1905 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) 15: 156.
TL: Khasia Hills , Meghalaya, India. Syntypes (1♂, 1♀) .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Nepal, China, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Genus Lasiolopha Turner, 1920
Type species: Areola saturata Walker, 1865
126. Lasiolopha saturata (Walker, 1865)
Areola saturata Walker, 1865 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 33: 774.
Paracrama olivacea Hampson, 1893 , Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum, 9: 87.
TL: Sri Lanka. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. India ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Oriental tropics to New Guinea and Queensland ( Holloway 2003); Thailand, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Laos, Indonesia (Sumatra), Philippines, Australia ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plant. Memecylon (Melastomataceae) ( Holloway 2003).
Remarks. The exact locality distribution within India is not mentioned clearly by Holloway (2003).
Genus Lophothripa Hampson, 1896
Type species: Selepa vitea Swinhoe, 1885
127. Lophothripa vitea ( Swinhoe, 1885)
Selepa vitea Swinhoe, 1885 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1885: 460.
Heteronota ochthias Meyrick, 1902 , Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 35: 48.
Lophothripa vitea viteana Gaede, 1937 , In: Seitz A. (ed.): Die Gross-Schmetterlinge des Indo- Australischen Faunengebietes, 11: 390.
TL: Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Mumbai, Khandala, E. Himalayas, Kolkata, Chennai, Nilgiris ( Hampson 1894, 1896, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka ( Hampson 1894, 1912); Thailand, Nepal, Myanmar, Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia, New Guinea, Australia ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013; Holloway 2003).
Host plants. Terminalia (Combretaceae) , Lagerstroemia (Lythraceae) , Sonneratia (Sonneratiaceae) , Heritiera (Sterculiaceae) ( Holloway 2003).
Genus Maceda Walker, [1858] 1857
Type species: Maceda mansueta Walker, [1858] 1857
128. Maceda mansueta Walker, 1857 [1858]
Maceda mansueta Walker, 1857 [1858], List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 13: 1141.
Calduba obtenta Walker, 1858 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 15:
1815. Maceda discalis Walker, [1863] 1864 , Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 7: 176. Maceda rufescens Bethune-Baker, 1906 , Novitates Zoologicae, 13: 232. Maceda rufimacula Prout, 1921 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (8) 9: 13. Maceda mansueta mansuetodes Gaede, 1938 , In: A. Seitz (Ed): Die Gross–Schmetterlinge der Erdeeine systematische Bearbeitung der bis jett bekannten Gross–Schmetterling, 11: 440.
TL: Sarawak, Borneo. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Andamans, Nicobars ( Hampson 1912; Kobes 1997; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Kerala ( Francy and Mathew 2006) .
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar, Malay Peninsula, Laos, Borneo, Indonesia, Japan, New Guinea, Vanuatu, New Hebrides, Melanesia, Fiji., Polynesia, Samoa, Seychelles, Australia ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Indo-Australian tropics to as far east as Fiji ( Holloway 2003).
Host plant. Heritiera (Sterculiaceae) ( Holloway 2003).
Genus Maurilia Möschler, 1884
Type species: Maurilia lubina Möschler, 1884
129. Maurilia cervina (Walker, 1866)
Briarda cervina Walker, 1866 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 35: 1968.
Anomis cervina instabilis Butler, 1889 , Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum, (7): 72.
Maurilia pallidipennis Warren, 1916 , Novitates Zoologicae, 23: 218.
TL: Nepal. Holotype.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Sikkim ( Warren 1916; Poole 1989); India ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Myanmar, Nepal ( Holloway 2003).
Remarks. M. arcuata (Walker, 1857) mentioned from Indian Himalaya by Sanyal et al. (2018) is tentatively not included in this list. As the only known reports of the species are from Pakistan (Karachi) and South Africa ( Cotes & Swinhoe, 1887 –1889). After that, further records of the species are only from African region ( Holloway 2003).
130. Maurilia iconica (Walker, [1858] 1857) ( Fig. 25 View FIGURES 25–32 )
Anomis iconica Walker, [1858] 1857 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum 13: 992.
Maurilia iconica iconicoides Strand, 1915b , Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 80(A2), 11: 166.
Maurilia tunicata Swinhoe, 1918 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (9), 2: 71.
Maurilia undaira Swinhoe, 1918 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (9), 2: 71.
Maurilia fortis Swinhoe, 1918 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (9), 2: 72.
Maurilia dalama Swinhoe, 1918 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (9) 2: 72.
Maurilia gilva Swinhoe, 1919 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (9), 3: 317.
Acontia elima Swinhoe, 1919 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (9), 3: 318.
Maurilia rufescentibrunnea Gaede, 1938 , in: Seitz A. (ed.): Die Gross-Schmetterlinge des Indo-Australischen Faunengebietes, 11: 441.
Maurilia iconicoides Gaede, 1938 , In: Seitz A. (ed.): Die Gross-Schmetterlinge des Indo-Australischen Faunengebietes, 11: 441.
Maurilia bifascia Gaede, 1938 , in: Seitz A. (ed.): Die Gross-Schmetterlinge des Indo-Australischen Faunengebietes, 11: 441.
Maurilia subiconica Kobes, 1997 , Heterocera Sumatrana, 11: 172.
TL: Sri Lanka. Holotype. TD: NHMUK.
Material examined. Jharkhand: Hazaribagh, Rajderwa ( HWLS), (N24°08.336’, E085°19.148’, 492m), 03.IX.2016, 2 ex., leg. N. Singh. GoogleMaps Bihar: West Champaran, Valmiki Tiger Reserve, Mangooraha , (N27°18.482’, E084°31.751’, 300m), 16.X.2017, 01 ex., leg. N. Singh. GoogleMaps Arunachal Pradesh: West Kameng, Salari (N27°19’440”, E092°26’617”, 1285m), 12.V.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni.
Distribution in India. Arunachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Bihar (present study); Shimla, Dharmsala, Jabalpur, Sikkim, Meghalaya (Khasis), Mumbai, Ratnagiri, Khandala, Chennai, Horsleykonda, Nilgiris, Kerala ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Central & South China, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Singapore, N. Guinea, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Japan, Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia, Philippines, New Guinea, Melanesia, Vanuatu, New Hebrides, New Caledonia, Tonga, Fiji, Cook Isl., Polynesia, Samoa, Australia, Seychelles ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002); Indo-Australian tropics from Sri Lanka to Queensland, Samoa, Rarotonga and New Caledonia ( Holloway 2003).
Host plants. Vatica (Dipterocarpaceae) , Terminalia (Combretaceae) , Shorea (Dipterocarpaceae) , Anogeissus (Combretaceae) , Tectona (Verbenaceae) , Saccharum (Gramineae) ( Holloway 2003) .
Genus Metaptya Hampson, 1896
Type species: Metaptya sericea Hampson, 1896
131. Metaptya endoplaga Hampson, 1907
Metaptya endoplaga Hampson, 1907 , The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 17: 655.
TL: Ramadurg, Bellary, Karnataka; Chennai , Tamil Nadu [ India]. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Chennai, Bellary, Ramadurg ( Hampson 1912; Poole 1989).
Genus Mniothripa Hampson, 1912
Type species: Giaura lichenigera Hampson, 1905
132. Mniothripa lichenigera (Hampson, 1905)
Giaura lichenigera Hampson, 1905 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7 (16): 543.
TL: Singapore. Syntypes (3♀) .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Sikkim ( Hampson 1905b, 1912); N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Sierra Leone, Singapore, S. Nigeria, Borneo ( Hampson 1905b, 1912; Holloway 2003).
Genus Nycteola Hübner, 1822
Type species: Tortrix undulana Hübner, 1799
133. Nycteola asiatica (Krulikovsky, 1904)
Sarrothripus revayana var. asiatica Krulikovsky, 1904 , Revue russe d’entomologie, 4: 91.
Sarrothripus populana Patocka, 1953 , Zoology Entomology, Listy, 2: 77, 87.
Sarrothripus hungarica Kovács, 1954 , Annales historico-naturales Musei nationalis Hungarici, 5: 306.
Nycteola pseudasiatica Sugi, 1959 , Tinea , 5: 277.
TL: [ Turkmenistan] Aschabat
Distribution in India. North India ( Fibiger et al. 2009); Himalaya ( Sanyal et al. 2018)
Elsewhere. Afghanistan, Central Asia, China, Eurasiatic, Europe, Middle East, Nepal, Iran, throughout Siberia ( Fibiger et al. 2009)
Host plants. Records on Populas (Salicacae) and Salix (Salicaceae) in Hungary ( Fibiger et al. 2009)
134. Nycteola fasciosa (Moore, 1888)
Symitha fasciosa Moore, 1888 , Description of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the late Mr. W.S. Atkinson, 1888: 289.
TL: Darjeeling , West Bengal, India. Holotype.
TD: MFN.
Distribution in India. Darjeeling ( Moore 1888a; Poole 1989).
135. Nycteola indica ( Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874)
Sarrothripa indica Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874 , Reise Österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1859. Zoologischer Theil, Zweiter Band, Zweite Abtheilung, Lepidoptera (zool.), 2(2): Pl. 196: 19.
Argyrothripa grisea Hampson, 1891 , Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum, 8: 87.
Cletthara pallescens Hampson, 1893 , Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum, 9: 24, 108.
Giaura strigivenata Hampson, 1905 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) 16: 542.
Sarrothripus indica atrithorax Gaede, 1937 , Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, 11: 391.
TL: Sri Lanka. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Nilgiris, Sikkim, Assam, Chennai, Palni Hills ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Kerala ( Mathew et al. 2004) .
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Sumbawa, Australia, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia ( Hampson 1912, Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
136. Nycteola indicatana (Walker, 1863)
Tortrix indicatana Walker, 1863 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 28: 333.
Subrita ? parvella Walker, 1866, List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 35: 1747.
Gyrtothripa microdonta Hampson, 1912 , Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, 11: 449.
Symitha indicatana ferrugana Fletcher, 1957 , Natural History of Rennell Island, 2: 44.
TL: Locality not known. Holotype.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Nagaland ( Hampson 1894); Indian Subregion ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka ( Hampson 1894); Singapore, Borneo, Java, Sulawesi, Solomons ( Holloway 2003). Host plants. Eugenia (Myrtaceae) , Lagerstroemia (Lythraceae) ( Holloway 2003).
137. Nycteola mesoplaga (Hampson, 1905) ( Fig. 26 View FIGURES 25–32 )
Sarrothripa mesoplaga Hampson, 1905 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) 16: 584.
TL: Singapore. Holotype (♀).
TD: NHMUK.
Material examined. Sikkim: South Sikkim, Namthang , (N2710.548’, E08828.039’, 1456m), 12.X.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni ( NZC, ZSI Patna) .
Distribution in India. Sikkim (present study); India ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Singapore, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Thailand, Vietnam, Taiwan, Malay Peninsula, Malaysia, Borneo, Sarawak, ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Remarks. The exact distribution locality within India is not mentioned clearly by Holloway (2003).
Host plant. Eugenia (Myrtaceae) ( Holloway 2003).
138. Nycteola metaspilella (Walker, 1866)
Subrita ? metaspilella Walker, 1866 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 35: 1746.
Tortrix scriptana Walker, 1863 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 28: 324. (preocc.)
TL: Locality not known [North America]. Holotype (♀).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Ganjam, Nilgiris ( Hampson 1894; Poole 1989).
Elsewhere. Massachusetts ( Walker 1863b; Poole 1989).
139. Nycteola nolalella (Walker, 1866)
Symitha nolalella Walker, 1866 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 35: 1731
Sarrothripus albescens Wileman & West, 1929 , Novitates Zoologicae, 35: 17.
TL: Java. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK
Distribution in India. West Bengal, Kolkata ( Sevastopulo 1945)
Elsewhere. Indo-Australian Tropics, Java, Philippines ( Hampson 1912; Holloway 2003)
140. Nycteola poliophaea (Hampson, 1907)
Sarrothripa poliophaea Hampson, 1907 , The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 17: 655.
TL: Dickoya, Sri Lanka.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Assam ( Hampson 1907b; Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka ( Holloway 2003).
141. Nycteola revayana ( Scopoli, 1772)
Phalaena revayana Scopoli, 1772 , Annus Historico-Naturalis, 5: 116.
Pyralis duplana Fabricius, 1777 , Genera Insectorum, 1777: 293.
Pyralis ilicana Fabricius, 1781 , Species Insectorum, 2: 283.
Phalaena lathamiana Swederus, 1787 , Handlingar K. Svenska Vetenkaps-Akademein, 2 (8): 276.
Phalaena afzeliana Swederus, 1787 , Handlingar K. Svenska Vetenkaps-Akademein, 2 (8): 276.
Pyralis riuagana Fabricius, 1787 , Mantissa Insectorum 2: 283.
Tortrix punctana Hübner, [1799] , Sammlung europäischer Schmetterlinge, 7: pl. 2, f. 9.
Tortrix undulana Hübner, [1799] , Sammlung europäischer Schmetterlinge, 7: pl. 2, f. 7.
Tortrix ramosana Hübner, [1799] , Sammlung europäischer Schmetterlinge, 7: pl. 2, f. 10.
Phalaena bifasciana Donovan, 1801 , The Natural history of British Insects, 10: 86.
Sarrothripus stonius Curtis, 1829 , British Entomology, Plate 29: 2.
Sarrothripa russiana Duponchel, 1844 -[1845], Catalogue methodique des Lepidopteres d’Europe, 1845: 284.
Subrita bilineatella Walker, 1866 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 35: 1744.
Sarrothripa fusculana Schmid, 1886 , Correspondenz-Blatt des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereines in Regensburg, 39: 75.
Plotheia diplographa Hampson, 1905 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7: 582.
TL: Schemnitz, Hungary.
TD: Not known.
Distribution in India. Kashmir, Shimla, Kangra, Chennai, Nilgiris, Orissa (Ganjam) ( Hampson 1912; Mandal & Maulik 1991).
Elsewhere. Canada, U.S.A., Britain, France, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Switzerland, Spain, Italy, Sicily, Algeria, Scandinavia, Finland, Russia, Asia Minor, Syria, W. Siberia, E. Turkestan, E. Siberia, Japan ( Hampson 1912; Poole 1989).
Host plants. Quercus (Fagaceae) on leaves, Populus (Salicaceae) on leaves, Salix ( Robinson et al. 2001) .
142. Nycteola sinuosa (Moore, 1888) Symitha sinuosa Moore, 1888 , Description of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the late Mr. W.S. Atkinson, 1888: 289.
TL: Darjeeling , West Bengal, India. Syntypes .
TD: MFN.
Distribution in India. Sikkim, Nagaland, Kangra, Assam ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); W. Bengal ( Kendrick 2002).
Elsewhere. E. Pegu. ( Hampson 1894); Hong Kong, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo, Thailand, Myanmar, South China, Indonesia ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plant. Pterocarya (Juglandaceae) ( Holloway 2003).
143. Nycteola triangularis ( Gaede, 1937)
Sarrothripus grisea ab. triangularis Strand, 1917 , Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 82 A (1): 82.
Sarrothripus triangularis Gaede, 1937 , Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, 11: 391
TL: India.
TD: NHMUK
Distribution in India. N. E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
144. Nycteola virescens ( Hampson, 1902)
Plotheia virescens Hampson, 1902 , The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 14: 210.
TL: Sikkim, India. Holotype.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Sikkim ( Hampson 1902, 1912; Poole 1989).
Genus Paracrama Moore, [1884]
Type species: Nolasena dulcissima Walker, [1863] 1864
145. Paracrama dulcissima (Walker, [1863] 1864)
Nolasena dulcissima Walker, [1863]1864 , Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 7: 76.
Paracrama rectomarginata Hampson, 1891 , Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum, 8: 4, 46.
Paracrama dulcissima flammans Gaede, 1937 , In: Seitz A. (ed.): Die Gross-Schmetterlinge des Indo- Australischen Faunengebietes, 11: 425.
TL: Sarawak, Borneo. Lectotype (♀) designated by Swinhoe (1900).
TD: OUMNH.
Distribution in India. Punjab, Assam, Naga Hills, Chennai, Nilgiris, Andamans ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Thailand, Sri, Lanka, Myanmar, Laos, South China, Taiwan, Japan, Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia, New Guinea, Solomon Isl., Australia ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002); Indo-Australian tropics east to the Bismarck Is. ( Holloway 2003).
Host plant. Grewia (Tiliaceae) ( Holloway 2003).
146. Paracrama latimargo Warren, 1916 ( Fig. 27 View FIGURES 25–32 )
Paracrama latimargo Warren, 1916 , Novitates Zoologicae, 23: 222.
Paracrama angustimargo Warren, 1916 , Novitates Zoologicae, 23: 222.
Paraerama dulcissima aurea Gaede, 1937, Die Gross-Schmetterlinge des Indo-Australischen Faunengebietes, 11: 425.
TL: Ninay Valley , Arfak. Mts , Irian Jaya, New Guinea. Holotype. TD: NHMUK.
Material examined. Bihar: West Champaran, Valmiki Tiger Reserve, Mangooraha, (N27°18.482’, E084°31.751’, 300m), 16.X.2017, 2 ex., leg. N. Singh. Distribution in India. Bihar (present study); South India ( Kobes 1997); Indian Subregion ( Holloway 2003). Elsewhere. Sulawesi and Sumbawa east to Bismarck Is. and Queensland, Indian Subregion to Taiwan and Sundaland ( Holloway 2003); Thailand, Indonesia, Timor, Melanesia, New Guinea, Solomon Isl., Australia ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013). Host plant. Durio (Bombacaceae) ( Holloway 2003).
Genus Pardasena Walker, 1866
Type species: Pardasena acronyctella Walker, 1866
147. Pardasena verna ( Hampson, 1902)
Hypothripa verna Hampson, 1902 , The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 14: 211.
TL: Sikkim, India. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Sikkim ( Hampson 1902, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Myanmar ( Hampson 1912); Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Bali, Sulawesi, Seram ( Holloway 2003); Thailand, Bali, Moluccas, Ceram, New Guinea ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Genus Plagiograpta Hampson, 1907
Type species: Plagiograpta macrodonta Hampson, 1907
148. Plagiograpta macrodonta Hampson, 1907
Plagiograpta macrodonta Hampson, 1907 , The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 17: 657.
TL: Malmani , Canara, India. Syntypes (♂) .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Mumbai, Canara, Karwar ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Indian Subregion ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Thailand, Indonesia ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plant. Lophopetalum (Celastraceae) ( Holloway 2003).
Genus Ptyonota Hampson, 1894
Type species: Ptyonota formosa Hampson, 1894
149. Ptyonota formosa Hampson, 1894
Ptyonota formosa Hampson, 1894 , The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Moths, 2: 425.
TL: Tenasserim Valley , Myanmar. Holotype (♀).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. India ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Myanmar, Singapore, Borneo, Thailand, Southwest China, Malay Peninsula, Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Philippines ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Remarks. The exact distribution within India is not mentioned clearly by Kononenko and Pinratana (2013).
Genus Siglophora Butler, 1892
Type species: Siglophora bella Butler, 1892
150. Siglophora ferreilutea Hampson, 1895 ( Fig. 28 View FIGURES 25–32 )
Siglophora ferreilutea Hampson, 1895 , Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1895: 296.
Siglophora ? ferruginea Leech, 1899, Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1899: 206.
TL: Sikkim, India. Holotype (♀).
TD: NHMUK.
Material examined. Sikkim: East Sikkim, Rongli , (N27° 203682, E88° 704874, 1834m), 28.VII.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni; Rumtek, (N27°18.297’, E088°34.194’, 1293 m), 10.X.2019, 2 ex., leg. N. Kuni. GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. Sikkim ( Hampson 1895; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Himalayan region ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Japan, S.E. Asia, Sumatra, Borneo, Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia, China, Taiwan, Korea ( Hampson 1912; Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plant. Quercus (Fagaceae) ( Holloway 2003).
151. Siglophora haematica Hampson, 1905 ( Fig. 29 View FIGURES 25–32 )
Siglophora haematica Hampson, 1905 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) 16: 603.
TL: Pulo Laut, Borneo. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Material examined. Mizoram: Teirei , Dampa TR, (N23°41.384’, E92°27.035’, 270.2 m), 10.III.2020, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni. GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. Mizoram (present study); N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra ( Holloway 2003); Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Indonesia ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Remarks. Kononenko and Pinratana (2013) did not mentioned it from India.
152. Siglophora sanguinolenta (Moore, 1888)
Chionomera sanguinolenta Moore, 1888 , Description of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the late Mr. W.S. Atkinson, 1888: 285.
TL: Darjeeling , West Bengal, India. Syntypes .
TD: MHNU, NHMUK ( Poole, 1989).
Distribution in India. Sikkim, Meghalaya (Khasis), West Bengal (Darjeeling), Arunachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kobes 1997; Chandra et al. 2019).
Elsewhere. W. China ( Hampson 1912) ; India to Japan ( Kobes 1997).
Genus Sinna Walker, 1865
Type species: Sinna calospila Walker, 1865
153. Sinna dohertyi Elwes, 1890 ( Fig. 30 View FIGURES 25–32 )
Sinna dohertyi Elwes, 1890 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1890: 400.
TL: Naga Hills , Nagaland, India. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Material examined. Sikkim: East Sikkim, Rumtek , (N27°18.297’, E88°34.194’, 1293 m), 10.X.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni. GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. Sikkim (present study); Naga Hills, Assam ( Hampson 1894; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1912; Poole 1989).
Elsewhere. Margarita ( Hampson 1894); Thailand, Nepal, Southwest China ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Genus Tathothripa Hampson, 1912
Type species: Ariola continua Walker, 1862
154. Tathothripa continua (Walker, 1862)
Ariola continua Walker, 1862 , Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 6: 196.
Ariola deflexa Walker, 1862 , Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 6: 197.
Ariola includens Walker, 1862 , Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 6: 197.
Bryophila leucorrhiza Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874 , Reise Österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1859. Zoologischer Theil, Zweiter Band, Zweite Abtheilung, Lepidoptera , (2) 2: Pl. 100: 12.
Tathothripa continua subdeflexa Gaede, 1937 , in: Seitz A. (ed.): Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, 7: 398.
TL: Sarawak, Borneo. Lectotype (♀) designated by Swinhoe (1900).
TD: OUMNH.
Distribution in India. N.W. India ( Holloway 2003); North India ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Kerala ( Das et al. 2020) .
Elsewhere. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Thailand, Cambodia, Philippines ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plant. Coffea (Rubiaceae) ( Holloway 2003).
Genus Titulcia Walker, 1864
Type species: Titulcia eximia Walker, 1864
155. Titulcia confictella Walker, 1864
Titulcia confictella Walker, 1864 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 29: 811.
Chionomera quensta Swinhoe, 1893, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (6) 12: 259.
TL: Sarawak, Borneo. Syntypes (♀) .
TD: OUMNH.
Distribution in India. N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003); Tinsukia (Assam) ( Arandhara & Tariang 2018).
Elsewhere. Borneo, Taiwan, Burma, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Palawan, Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, Brunei, Southwest China ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Genus Tortriciforma Hampson, 1894
Type species: Tortriciforma viridipuncta Hampson, 1894
156. Tortriciforma viridipuncta Hampson, 1894 ( Fig. 31 View FIGURES 25–32 )
Tortriciforma viridipuncta Hampson, 1894 , The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Moths, 2: 425.
TL: Sikkim, India. Holotype (♀).
TD: NHMUK.
Material examined. Sikkim: East Sikkim, Fambonglho WLS, (N27°21.517’, E88°33.838’, 2120 m), 07.X.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni. GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. Sikkim, Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Southern China, Myanmar, Thailand, Nepal, West China , Indonesia ( Kobes 1997; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Remarks. There seems slight variation from typical virdipuncta in forewing of specimen presented here, thus placement is tentative for the collected specimen.
Genus Tyana Walker, 1866
Type species: Tyana callichlora Walker, 1866
157. Tyana callichlora Walker, 1866 ( Fig. 32 View FIGURES 25–32 )
Tyana callichlora Walker, 1866 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 35: 1776.
TL: Darjeeling , West Bengal, India. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Material examined. Sikkim: East Sikkim, Fambonglho WLS, (N27°21.517’, E88°33.838’, 2120 m), 02- 07.X.2019, 2 ex., leg. N. Kuni GoogleMaps ; South Sikkim, Namchi , (N27°10.140’, E88°21.924’, 1571m), 16.X.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni. GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. Sikkim, West Bengal (Darjeeling), Arunachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013; Chandra et al. 2019).
Elsewhere. Thailand, Nepal, North Vietnam, West China ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013) .
158. Tyana chloroleuca Walker, 1866
Tyana chloroleuca Walker, 1866 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 35: 1777.
Tyana speculatrix Butler, 1880 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5) 6: 64.
Tyana lancina Butler, 1880 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5) 6: 65.
TL: Darjeeling , West Bengal, India. Holotype.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. West Bengal (Darjeeling), Sikkim, Meghalaya (Cherrapunji), Arunachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand (Walker 1866, Hampson 1894, 1912; Chandra et al. 2019)
Elsewhere. Bhutan, Nepal ( Hampson 1912; Chandra et al. 2019).
159. Tyana elongata Warren, 1916
Tyana elongata Warren, 1916 , Novitates Zoologicae, 23: 215.
TL: Sikkim, India. Syntypes (1♂, 1♀) .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh ( Warren 1916; Chandra et al. 2019).
160. Tyana falcata (Walker, 1866)
Hylophila falcata Walker, 1866 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 35: 1772.
Tyana acypera Hampson, 1905 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) 16: 601.
TL: North Hindistan ( India). Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Sikkim, West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013, Chandra et al. 2019).
Elsewhere. W. China , Formosa [ Taiwan], Thailand, Nepal, Laos ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
161. Tyana magniplaga Warren, 1916
Tyana magniplaga Warren, 1916 , Novitates Zoologicae, 23: 215.
TL: Sikkim, India. Syntypes (3♂, 2♀) .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh ( Warren 1916; Chandra et al. 2019).
Elsewhere. Indonesia (Borneo) ( Chandra et al. 2019).
162. Tyana pustulifera (Walker, 1866)
Earias pustulifera Walker, 1866 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 35: 1773.
Tyana flatoides Moore, 1888 , In: Hewitson & Moore, Description of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the late Mr. W.S. Atkinson, 1888: 285.
TL: Nepal. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasis, Cherra Punji), Sikkim ( Hampson 1895, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Himalayas ( Kobes 1997).
Elsewhere. Thailand, Nepal, Myanmar, Malay Peninsula, Laos, West China , Vietnam, Indonesia ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
163. Tyana tenuimargo Druce, 1911
Tyana tenuimargo Druce, 1911 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8: 150.
TL: Khasia Hills, Meghalaya, India.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasia Hills) ( Hampson 1912; Poole 1989).
Genus Tympanistes Moore, 1867
Type species: Tympanistes pallida Moore, 1867
164. Tympanistes alternata Warren, 1912
Tympanistes alternata Warren, 1912 , Novitates Zoologicae, 19: 47.
TL: Khasia Hills , Meghalaya, India. Syntypes (2♂, 1♀) .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasia Hills) ( Warren 1912; Poole 1989).
165. Tympanistes flavescens Swinhoe, 1905
Tympanistes flavescens Swinhoe, 1905 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) 15: 158.
TL: Khasia Hills, Meghalaya, India.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasia Hills) ( Hampson 1912; Poole 1989)
166. Tympanistes pallida Moore, 1867
Tympanistes pallida Moore, 1867 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867: 49.
TL: Darjeeling , West Bengal, India. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK, MFN ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013)
Distribution in India. Sikkim ( Hampson 1894, 1912); Darjeeling ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013). Elsewhere. Thailand, Nepal, Laos, Vietnam ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
167. Tympanistes rubidorsalis Moore, 1888
Tympanistes rubidorsalis Moore, 1888 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1888: 409.
TL: Kangra , Himachal Pradesh, India. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Kangra (Dharamshala) ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013). Elsewhere. Thailand, Nepal ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
168. Tympanistes rufimacula Warren, 1916
Tympanistis [sic] rufimacula Warren, 1916 , Novitates Zoologicae, 23: 220.
TL: Khasia Hills, Meghalaya, India.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasia Hills) ( Warren 1916).
169. Tympanistes testacea Moore, 1867
Tympanistes testacea Moore, 1867 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867: 49.
TL: Darjeeling , West Bengal, India. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013). MHNU ( Poole 1989).
Distribution in India. Sikkim, West Bengal (Darjeeling), Arunachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Chandra et al. 2019).
Elsewhere. Sumatra ( Kobes 1997); Thailand, Nepal, North Vietnam, China. ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Genus Xenochroa Felder, 1874
Type species: Xenochroa notodontina Felder, 1874
170. Xenochroa careoides ( Warren, 1912)
Aiteta careoides Warren, 1912 , Novitates Zoologicae, 19: 38
Xenochroa nigrimacula Kobes, 1997 , Heterocera Sumatrana, 11: 136.
TL: Penang, Malaysia. Holotype.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Andamans ( Holloway 2003); Andaman and Nicobar Island ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Peninsular Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra), Borneo, Philippines (Luzon, Palawan), Hainan, Thailand, China, Brunei ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
171. Xenochroa chlorostigma ( Hampson, 1893)
Dabarita chlorostigma Hampson, 1893 , Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum, 9: 21, 101.
Dabareta tumidistigma Warren, 1916, Novitates Zoologicae, 23: 220.
Xenochroa borneonis Strand, 1917 , Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 82(A): 91 (form)
Xenochroa sikkimensis Strand, 1917 , Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 82(A): 91 (form)
TL: Kelani Valley , Sri Lanka. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Sikkim, Kerala (Thiruvanthapuram) , Manipur ( Hampson 1912; Warren 1916); Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Borneo, Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia, Timor, Philippines, Taiwan ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plants. Eugenia (Myrtaceae) , Memecylon (Melastomataceae) , Syzygium (Myrtaceae) , Camellia (Theaceae) ( Holloway 2003).
172. Xenochroa costiplaga ( Swinhoe, 1893)
Carea costiplaga Swinhoe, 1893 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (6)12: 262.
Carea tarika Swinhoe, 1901 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7)7: 492.
Carea tarica Hampson, 1912 , Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, 11: 552.
Carea costiplaga ab. fakfakensis Strand, 1917, Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 82 (A1): 91.
Carea costiplaga ssp. defuscata Prout, 1922 , Bulletin of the Hill Museum, 1: 218.
TL: Sivasagar , Assam, India. Holotype (♀).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Assam (Sivasagar), Andaman and Nicobar Island ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Borneo, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, New Guinea, Biak, Thailand, Philippines ( Hampson 1894; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Oriental tropics; Seram, Buru, N. Moluccas, New Guinea ( Holloway 2003).
Host plant. Cynometra (Leguminosae) ( Holloway 2003) .
173. Xenochroa diagona ( Hampson, 1912)
Carea diagona Hampson, 1912 , Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, 11: 556.
TL: Bhutan. Holotype (♀).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Bhutan ( Hampson 1912); Peninsular Malaysia ( Holloway 2003).
174. Xenochroa dohora Kobes, 1997
Xenochroa dohora Kobes, 1997 , Heterocera Sumatrana, 11: 143.
Carea obvia Hampson sensu Holloway, 1976: 26 View in CoL .
TL: Huta Padang , Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Assam ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Sumatra, Borneo ( Kobes 1997; Holloway 2003).
175. Xenochroa purpurea ( Hampson, 1891)
Carea purpurea Hampson, 1891 , Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum, 8: 8, 59.
Carea devia Hampson, 1912 , Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, 11: 555.
Carea infundibulata Warren, 1916 , Novitates Zoologicae, 23: 225.
TL: Nilgiris , Tamil Nadu, India. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Sikkim, Nilgiris, Chennai, Kerala (Peermade) , Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); S. India, N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo ( Holloway 2003); Thailand, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Vietnam ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
176. Xenochroa trilineata ( Warren, 1912)
Carea trilineata Warren, 1912 , Novitates Zoologicae, 19: 40.
Carea trichotmeta Prout, 1924 , Bulletin of the Hill Museum, 1: 418.
Carea ferribrunnea Holloway, 1976 , Moths of Borneo with special reference to Mount Kinabalu, 1976: 26.
TL: Khasis , Meghalaya, India. Holotype.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003); Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, Borneo, Indonesia (Sumatra), Thailand, Philippines ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
177. Xenochroa xanthia ( Hampson, 1902)
Carea xanthia Hampson, 1902 , The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 14: 213.
Pseudelydna xanthia ab. xanthiana Strand, 1917 , Arch. Naturgesch., 82 (A1): 90. Pseudelydna xanthiana Gaede, 1937 , Die Gross–Schmetterlinge der Erde, 11: 426.
TL: Sikkim, India. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Sikkim, West Bengal ( Hampson 1912; Chandra et al. 2019); N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Singapore, Indonesia (Sumatra), Borneo, Philippines (Palawan), Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand ( Hampson 1912; Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Subfamily ELIGMINAE Mell, 1943
The Eligminae share a derived forewing shape, which is rather elongated and narrow, especially in Eligma , Iscadia , Elaeognatha and Baroa . The adult labial palpi are unusually long and porrect, and are often slightly flattened laterally. Ocelli are present and the tibial spur formula is 0–2–4. The frons lacks a tubercle. In most genera, the retinaculum is finger-like except Iscadia aperta Walker. In male genitalia, the uncus is bifid in genus Baroa , reduced or absent in Iscadia and related genera, and long, strongly developed and well sclerotized in other members like Elaeognatha ( Holloway 2003; Zahiri et al. 2013). This subfamily is known by 23 species under 09 genera from India.
Genus Baroa Hampson 1912
Type species: Cycnia punctivaga Walker, 1855
1. Baroa punctivaga ( Walker, 1855)
Cycnia punctivaga Walker, 1855 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 3: 682.
TL: Java, Indonesis. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Assam ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013), NE Himalaya (Holloway 2011).
Elsewhere. Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo, Indonesia ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Baroa vatala Swinhoe, 1894 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (6): 436.
TL: Assam, India. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Sikkim, Assam ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Thailand, Bhutan ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Genus Eligma Hübner, [1819] 1816
Type species: Phalaena narcissus Cramer, 1775
3. Eligma narcissus ( Cramer, 1775) ( Fig. 33 View FIGURES 33–40 )
Phalaena narcissus Cramer, 1775 , Aanhangsel van het Werk, de Uitlandsche Kapellen, Voorkomende in Drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Africa, en America, 1: 116.
Eligma narcissus indica Rothschild, 1896 , Novitates Zoologicae, 3 (1): 57.
TL: China. Syntypes .
TD: Not known. (Subspecies at NHMUK)
Material examined. Jharkhand: East Singhbhum, Dalma WLS, Pindrabera , (N22°53.618’, E86°11.782’, 670m), 05.XII.2007, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh. GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. Ganjam, Mumbai, Ratnagiri, Chennai, Kozhikode, Nilgiris, Thiruvananthapuram,
( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); South India ( Kobes 1997); Andamans ( Chandra 1996); Tamilnadu ( Sivasankaran et al. 2017); Kerala ( Mathew et al. 2018; Sondhi et al. 2018); Jharkhand, South India (Singh 2019).
Elsewhere. China, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, Borneo, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, South of Russian Far East ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); HongKong ( Kendrick 2002).
Host plant. Ailanthus (Simaroubaceae) on leaves ( Robinson et al. 2001).
Genus Gadirtha Walker, [1858] 1857
Type species: Gadirtha impigens Walker, [1858] 1857
4. Gadirtha impingens Walker, [1858] 1857
Gadirtha impingens Walker, [1858] 1857 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 13: 1103.
Scolopocnema bufonia Felder & Felder, 1862, Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift, 6: 38.
Checupa tinctoides Snellen, 1877 , Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 20: 71.
Gadirtha guineana Swinhoe, 1918 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (9) 2: 70.
Gadirtha inexacta buruensis Prout, 1926 , Entomologist, 59: 69.
TL: Hindostan [ India] ( Poole 1989); Hongkong, South China. Lectotypes ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013)
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. N. India ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. S. China to Queensland, Bismarcks and Solomons ( Holloway 2003); Thailand, Nepal, Vietnam, Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan, South Japan ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plants. Sapium and Stillingia (Euphorbiaceae) ( Holloway 2003).
5. Gadirtha inexacta Walker, [1858] 1857
Gadirtha inexacta Walker, [1858] 1857 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 13: 1102.
Gadirtha impigens Walker, [1858]1857 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 13: 1103.
TL: Hindostan ( India). Holotype.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Sikkim, Assam, N.E. India ( Hampson 1894); Nicobar ( Chandra 1996).
Elsewhere. China, Formosa [ Taiwan], Myanmar, Singapore, Borneo, New Guinea, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013). Japan, Australia, Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002).
6. Gadirtha pulchra Butler, 1886
Gadirtha pulchra Butler, 1886 , Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1886: 412.
Hypogramma distincta ( Lucas, 1892) Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 8: 86.
Gadirtha fuscithorax Strand, 1917 , Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 82A (1): 85.
TL: Rockhampton , Australia. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Kerala (Peermade) , West Bengal ( Hampson 1912; Chandra et al. 2019); Indian Subregion, Andamans ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Philippines, Queensland, Ryukyu Is., Borneo, New Guinea, Thailand, Nepal, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia (Sumatra), Taiwan, South China, South Japan, Korea ( Hampson 1912; Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plants. Sapium and Excoecaria (Euphorbiaceae) , Mangroove habitats ( Holloway 2003).
7. Gadirtha uniformis Sugi, 1982
Gadairtha impengens uniformis Sugi, 1982 , Moths of Japan, 1: 792.
TL: Japan. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. North India ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Thailand, Myanmar, China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Genus Lamprothripa Hampson, 1912
Type species: Ptisciana scotia Hampson, 1902
8. Lamprothripa gilvaria Hampson, 1918
Lamprothripa gilvaria Hampson, 1918 , Novitates Zoologicae, 25: 196.
TL: Khasis , Meghalaya, India. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasis) (Hampson 1918; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Thailand ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
9. Lamprothripa scotia ( Hampson, 1902)
Ptisciana scotia Hampson, 1902 , The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 14: 211.
TL: Sikkim, India. Holotype (♀).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Sikkim ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Singapore ( Hampson 1912); Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002); Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Thailand, Brunei, Indonesia (Sumatra) ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Genus Negritothripa Inoue, 1970
Type species: Asinduma hampsoni Wileman, 1911
10. Negritothripa orbifera ( Hampson, 1894) ( Fig. 34 View FIGURES 33–40 )
Argyrothripa orbifera Hampson, 1894 , The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Moths, 2: 380.
TL: East Pegu, Myanmar. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Material examined. Jharkhand: Latehar, Netarhat , (N23°28.587’, E84°16.564’, 1100m), 15.X.2014, 2 ex., leg. N. Singh GoogleMaps ; Hazaribagh, Rajderwa ( HWLS), (N24°08.336’, E85°19.148’, 492m), 04.X.2016, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh. GoogleMaps Arunachal Pradesh: West Kameng, Tenga Valley , (N27°12.770’, E92°27.871’, 1429m), 21.V.2019, 1 ex., leg. N. Kuni. GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. Jharkhand, Arunachal Pradesh (present study); Sikkim, Uttarakhand ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013; Chandra et al. 2019).
Elsewhere. Myanmar (E. Pegu) ( Hampson 1894, 1912); Thailand, Nepal, South China, Myanmar ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Genus Plotheia Walker, [1858] 1857
Type species: Plotheia decrescens Walker, [1858] 1857
11. Plotheia elongata Hampson, 1898
Plotheia elongata Hampson, 1898 , The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 11: 451.
TL: Khasis , Meghalaya, India. Holotype.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Meghalaya (Khasis) ( Hampson 1898, 1912); N. E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
12. Plotheia occulta ( Swinhoe, 1885)
Selepa occulta Swinhoe, 1885 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1885: 461.
TL: Pune, Maharashtra, India.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Pune, Mumbai, Chennai, Belgaum, Gooty, Mhow ( Swinhoe 1886; Hampson 1894; Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka ( Hampson 1912); Nepal ( Yoshimoto 1993); Katanga ( Prins & Prins 2011 -2019).
Genus Ptisciana Walker, 1865
Type species: Ptisciana seminivea Walker, 1865
13. Ptisciana seminivea Walker, 1865
Ptisciana seminivea Walker, 1865 , List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 33: 912.
Symitha lilacina Moore, 1888 , In: Hewitson & Moore, Description of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the late Mr. W.S. Atkinson, 1888: 289.
TL: Sarawak, Borneo. Lectotype (♂) designated by Hampson (1912).
TD: OUMNH.
Distribution in India. Sikkim, Kerala ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Mathew 2004); Indian Subregion ( Holloway 2003); Darjeeling ( Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Borneo, Nepal, West China , Vietnam, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi), Philippines, Thailand ( Hampson 1894, 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Oriental tropics from the Indian Subregion to Sundaland, the Philippines and Sulawesi ( Holloway 2003).
Host plant. Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae) ( Holloway 2003).
Genus Selepa Moore, 1858
Type species: Selepa celtis, Moore, 1858
14. Selepa celtis Moore, 1858 ( Fig. 35 View FIGURES 33–40 )
Selepa celtis Moore, 1858 , In: Horsefield and Moore, 1858 -1859, A Catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects in the Museum of Natural History at the East-India House, 2: 353.
Subrita ? curviferella Walker, 1866, List of the Specimens of lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 35: 1745.
Selepa celtis celtisella Gaede, 1937 , Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, 11: 396.
TL: India; Java, Indonesia. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Material examined. Jharkhand: Hazaribagh, Salparni ( HWLS), (N24°08.155’, E85°17.170’, 552m), 01.X.2016, 1 ex., leg. N. Singh ( NZC, ZSI Patna) GoogleMaps
Distribution in India. Jharkhand (present study); Nagaland, Throughout Peninsular India ( Hampson 1894); N. India, Almora, Mainpuri, Assam, Nagaland, Kolkata, Mumbai, Mhow, Chennai, Nilgiris ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); W. Maharashtra ( Shubhalaxmi et al. 2011).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Philippines, Java, Thailand, Arabia ( Yemen), Nepal, Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia, Australia, Taiwan, South China, South Japan ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002); Throughout the Oriental tropics, north to Taiwan and the Ryukyus, Queensland ( Holloway 2003).
Host plants. Anacardium , Lannea , Mangifera (Anacardiaceae) ; Stereospermum (Bignoniaceae) ; Cassine , Elaeodendron (Celastraceae) ; Combretum , Terminalia (Combretaceae) ; Shorea (Dipterocarpaceae) ; Bischofia , Mallotus , Phyllanthus , ( Euphorbiaceae ); Castanea (Fagaceae) ; Mammea (Guttiferae) ; Cinnamomum (Lauraceae) ; Careya (Lecythidaceae) ; Acacia , Albizia , Pithecellobium , Xylia (Leguminosae) ; Strychnos (Loganiaceae) ; Loranthus (Loranthaceae) ; Lagerstroemia , Woodfordia (Lythraceae) ; Sandoricum (Meliaceae) ; Ficus (Moraceae) ; Eugenia , Syzygium (Myrtaceae) ; Pyrus , Rosa (Rosaceae) ; Adina , Mussaenda (Rubiaceae) ; Salix (Salicaceae) ; Nephelium , Schleichera (Sapindaceae) ; Manilkara (Sapotaceae) ; Solanum (Solanaceae) ; Duabanga (Sonneratiaceae) ; Theobroma (Sterculiaceae) ; Camellia (Theaceae) ; Celtis , Trema (Ulmaceae) ; Gmelina (Verbenaceae) ( Holloway 2003).
15. Selepa discigera (Walker, [1863] 1864)
Gadirtha ? discigera Walker, [1863] 1864 , Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 7: 163.
Selepa strigifera Moore, 1885 [1884–1887], The Lepidoptera of Ceylon, 3: 103.
Selepa discigera walkeri Gaede, 1937 , Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, 11: 396.
Selepa discigera hampsoni Gaede, 1937 , Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, 11: 396.
Selepa discigera caniceps Gaede, 1937 , Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, 11: 396.
TL: Sarawak, Borneo. Syntypes .
TD: OUMNH.
Distribution in India. Sikkim, Mumbai, Canara, Karwar ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Kerala ( Das et al. 2020) .
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Singapore, Borneo, Louisiades, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Taiwan, New Guinea, Australia ( Hampson 1912; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002); Indo-Australian tropics east to New Guinea and Queensland ( Holloway 2003).
Host plants. Stillingia (Euphorbiaceae) , Ficus (Moraceae) , Rhus (Anacardiaceae) ( Holloway 2003).
16. Selepa ferrofusa (Hampson, 1905)
Plotheia ferrofusa Hampson, 1905 , Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) 16: 581.
TL: Colombo , Sri Lanka. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Chennai, Belgaum ( Hampson 1912; Poole 1989).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka (Colombo) ( Hampson 1905b, 1912).
Host plant. Dendrophthoe glabrescens (Loranthaceae) ( Robinson et al. 2001).
17. Selepa molybdea Hampson, 1912
Selepa molybdea Hampson, 1912 , Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, 11: 303.
TL: Singapore. Syntypes (3♂, 2♀) .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. India ( Kendrick 2002); Kerala ( Das et al. 2020) .
Elsewhere. Singapore ( Hampson 1912); China, Hong Kong ( Kendrick 2002).
Host plant. Smilax (Smilacaceae) ( Robinson et al. 2001).
Remarks. The exact distribution within India is not mentioned clearly by Kendrick (2002).
18. Selepa nigralba ( Hampson, 1895)
Plotheia nigralba Hampson, 1895 , Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1895: 305.
TL: Bhutan. Holotype.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Bhutan ( Hampson 1895); Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sulawesi, New Guinea and Solomons ( Holloway 2003).
Host plant. Castanopsis (Fagaceae) ( Holloway 2003).
19. Selepa plumbeata Hampson, 1912
Selepa plumbeata Hampson, 1912 , Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, 11: 299.
TL: Kegale , Sri Lanka. Holotype (♂).
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. India ( Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka, Borneo, Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysia, Brunei ( Hampson 1912; Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plants. Coffea liberica (Rubiaceae) ( Robinson et al. 2001); Anacardium (cashew; Anacardiaceae ) ( Holloway 2003).
Remarks. The exact distribution within India is not mentioned clearly by Holloway (2003), Kononenko and Pinratana (2013).
20. Selepa rabdota ( Hampson, 1891)
Clettharra rabdota Hampson, 1891 , Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum, (8): 88.
TL: Nilgiri district, Tamil Nadu, India.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Nilgiris ( Hampson 1891; Poole 1989).
Elsewhere. Sri Lanka ( Hampson 1912).
21. Selepa stigmatophora ( Hampson, 1895)
Plotheia stigmatophora Hampson, 1895 , Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1895: 305.
TL: Sikkim, India. Holotype.
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Sikkim ( Hampson 1895; Poole 1989).
Genus Triorbis Hampson, 1894
Type species: Hyperaeschra annulata Swinhoe, 1890
22. Triorbis aureovitta Hampson, 1902
Triorbis aureovitta Hampson, 1902 , The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 14: 209.
TL: Margherita, Assam, India ; Penang, Malaysia. Syntypes .
TD: NHMUK.
Distribution in India. Assam (Margharita) ( Hampson 1902; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013); N.E. Himalaya ( Holloway 2003).
Elsewhere. Malaysia (Penang), Borneo, Sundaland, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, Buru), Thailand, South China, Vietnam, Philippines ( Hampson 1902, 1912; Holloway 2003; Kononenko & Pinratana 2013).
Host plant. Garcinia (Guttiferae) ( Holloway 2003) .
Subfamily NOLINAE Bruand, 1846
Nolinae are mostly small sized moths, with forewings variegated by black, grey and white, with areas of raised scales; male antennae may be filiform, ciliate or bipectinate; ocelli are poorly developed or absent; male abdomen lacks tymbal organs but usually has apodemes on the eighth tergite. The male genitalia have a simple uncus (fully reduced in Nola ) and simple valves with a characteristically ‘noctuid’ saccular harpe; many genera have a pair of setose lobes that flank the scaphial area of the anal tube; aedeagus can have apical projections, and the vesica may contain cornuti. The female genitalia have the ovipositor lobes (Papilla anales) usually short, quadrate or, seen together, rather conical; dusctus bursae is often slender, elongate; corpus bursae is usually pyriform or ovoid, generally with a pair of signa or scobinate corrugations ( Holloway 2003). This subfamily is known by 105 species under 24 genera from India ( Joshi et al. 2019, 2020, 2020a) with four new records to India: Casminola seminigra ( Hampson, 1896) , Evonima ronkaygabori Han & Hu, 2019 , Meganola suffusata ( Wileman & West, 1929) and Nola euryzonata ( Hampson, 1900) .
Genus Alcanola László, Ronkay and Witt, 2010
Type species: Melanographia tympanistis Hampson, 1900 )
Arandhara, S. & Tariang, R. R. (2018) Drivers regulating species composition of the larger nocturnal moths in Tinsukia district, Assam. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 6 (2), 748 - 755.
Bethune-Baker, G. T. (1894) Notes on some Lepidoptera received from the neighbourhood of Alexandria. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1894, 33 - 51.
Bethune-Baker, G. T. (1906) New Noctuidae from British New Guinea. Novitates Zoologicae, 13, 191 - 287. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 22798
Bethune-Baker, G. T. (1908) New Heterocera from British New Guinea. Novitates Zoologicae, 15, 175 - 243. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 15472
Boisduval, J. B. A. D. de (1833) Faune Entomologique de Madagascar, Bourbon et Maurice. Lepidopteres. Jules Didot L'aine, Paris, 122 pp.
Bruand, M. T. (1846) Catalogue systematique et synonymique des Lepidopteres du Departement du Doubs. Suite. Microlepidopteres. Memoires de la Societe d'Emulation du Doubs, 2 (3), 97 - 124.
Bryk, F. (1949) Zur kenntinis der Grosschmetterlinge von Korea. pars II. Arkiv fur Zoologi, 41 (1), 1 - 114.
Butler, A. G. (1877) Descriptions on new species of Heterocera from Japan. Part 1. Sphinges and Bombyces. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 20, 473 - 483. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937708682268
Butler, A. G. (1878) Illustration of typical specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the collection of the British Museum. Vol. 2. Taylor & Francis, London, 62 pp.
Butler, A. G. (1886) Descriptions of 21 new genera and 103 species of Lepidoptera - Heterocera from the Australian region. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1886, 381 - 441. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1886. tb 01633. x
Butler, A. G. (1889) Illustration of typical specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the collection of the British Museum. Vol. 7. Taylor and Francis, London, 124 pp.
Butler, A. G. (1892) On a collection of Lepidoptera from Sandakan, N. E. Borneo. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1892, 120 - 1365.
Chandra, K. (1996) New records of Moths from the Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India. Journal of Andaman Science Association, 12 (1 & 2), 31 - 35.
Chandra, K., Kumar, V., Singh, N., Raha, A. & Sanyal, A. K. (2019) Assemblages of Lepidoptera in Indian Himalaya through long term monitoring plots. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 457 pp.
Chapman, T. A. (1893) On some neglected points in the structure of the pupae of heterocerous Lepidoptera, and their probable value in classification; with some associated observations on larval prolegs. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1893, 97 - 119.
Cotes, E. C. & Swinhoe, C. (1887 - 1889) A Catalogue of the moths of India. The Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 812 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 29426
Cramer, P. ([1775]) De uitlandische Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Africa en America. Papillons exotiques des trois parties du monde l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Amerique. Vol. 1. S. J. Baalde, Amsteldam, and Barthelemy Wild. Utrecht, xxx + 155 pp., 96 pls.
Das, A., Mazumder, A., Pathania, P. C. & Singh, N. (2020) Insecta: Lepidoptera: Heterocera (Moths). In: Chandra, K., Raghunathan, C., Sureshan, P. M., Subramanian, K. A. & Rizvi, A. N. (Eds.), Faunal Diversity of Biogeographic Zones of India: Western Ghats. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, pp. 1 - 36.
De Prins, J. & De Prins, W. (2011 - 2019) Afromoths, online database of Afrotropical moth species (Lepidoptera), World Wide Web electronic publication. Available from: http: // www. afromoths. net (accessed 9 August 2021)
Donovan, E. (1801) The Natural History of the British Insects; Explaining them in the their several States, with the Periods of their Transformations, their food, Oeconomy, etc, together with the History of such Minute Insects as Require Investigations by the Microscope. Vol. 10. F. & C. Rivington, London, 95 pp.
Druce, H. (1911) Descriptions of some new species of Heterocera, chiefly from tropical South America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 8, 138 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931108693007
Duponchel, P. A. J. (1844 [1845]) Catalogue Methodique des Lepidopteres d'Europe Distributes en Families, Tribus et Genres, etc. Mequignon-Marvis Fils, Paris, 523 pp.
Dyar, H. G. (1898) New American moths and synonymical notes. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 6, 33 - 44.
Elwes, H. J. (1890) On some new moths from India. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1890, 378 - 401.
Erschoff, N. G. (1874) Lepidoptera. In: Fedchenko, A. P. (Ed.), Puteschestvije v' Turkestan'. 2. Zoogeografischeskija Izsledovanija 4 (3). Izvestija Imperatorskago Obshchestva Ljubitjelej Estestvoznanija, Antropologii i Etnografii pri Imperatorskom Moskovskom Universitete, Moscou, pp. 1 - 128, pls. 1 - 6. [in Russian]
Fabricius, J. C. (1775) Systema Entomologiae, sistens Insectorum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Adiectis Synonymis, Locis, Descriptionibus, Observationibus. In Officina Libraria Kortii, Flensbvrgi et Lipsiae, 832 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 36510
Fabricius, J. C. (1777) Genera Insectorum eorumque Characters Naturales Secundum Numerum, Figuram, Situm et Proportionem. M. F. Bartschii, Chilonii, 310 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 119827
Fabricius, J. C. (1781) Species Insectorum Exhibentes Eorum Differentias Specifica, Synonyma Auctorum, Loca Natalia, Metamorphosin Adiectis, Observationibus, Descriptionibus. Vol. 2. Carol Ernest Bohnii, Hamburg, 517 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 36509
Fabricius, J. C. (1787) Mantissa Insectorum sistens Species Nupes Detectas Adiectis Synonymis, Observationibus, Descriptionibus, Emendationibus. Christ Gottl Proft, Hafniae, 382 pp.
Fabricius, J. C. (1793) Entomologiae Systematica Emendata et Aucta. Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Adjectis Synonymis, Locis, Descriptionibus, Observationibus. Vol. 3. Part 1. Christ Gottl Proft, Hafniae, 487 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 36532
Fabricius, J. C. (1794). Entomologiae Systematica, emendata et Aucta. Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species Adjectis Synonymis, Locis, Observationibus, Descriptionibus. Vol. 3. Part 2. Christ Gottl Proft, Hafniae, 349 pp.
Felder, C. (1861) Lepidopterorum Amboienesium a Dre. L. Doleschall annis 1856 - 1858 collectorum species novae. Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 43 (l), 26 - 44.
Felder, R. & Felder, C. (1862) Observationes de Lepidopteris nonnullis Chinae centralis et Japoniae. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift, 6 (1 & 2), 22 - 32 & 33 - 40.
Felder, C. & Rogenhofer, A. F. (1874) Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859. Unter den Behilfen des Commodore B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Band 2. Abtheilung 2. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera. Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2, Abth. 2 (4), 537 548.
Fibiger, M., Ronkay, L., Steiner, A. & Zilli, A. (2009) Noctuidae Europaeae. Vol. 11. Pantheinae, Dilobinae, Acronicitinae, Nolinae, Eustrotiinae, Acontiinae, Metoponiinae, Heliothinae and Bryophilinae. Entomological Press, Soro, 504 pp.
Fletcher, D. S. (1957) Macroheterocera of Rennell Island. In: Wolff, T. (Ed.), The Natural History of Rennell Island, British Solomon Islands. Vol. 2. (Invertebrates, Pars). Danish Science Press, Copenhagen, pp. 31 - 66.
Francy, C. F. & Mathew, G. (2006) The Noctuid Fauna (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of Kerala (India). Journal of Zoological Society, 11 (1 & 2), 36 - 50.
Frauenfeld, G. R. V. (1867) Ueber einen Zerstorer der Baumwollkapseln in Egypten. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 17, 785 - 792.
Gaede, M. (1937) Unterfamilie Sarrothripinae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde: Eine systematische Bearbeitung der bis jett bekannten Gross-Schmetterling. Vol. 11. Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 383 - 453.
Gaede, M. (1938) Unterfamilie Catocalinae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross - Schmetterlinge der Erde: Eine systematische Bearbeitung der bis jett bekannten Gross-Schmetterling. Vol. 11. Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 454 - 496.
Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (1891 - 1900) Biologia Centrali - Americana; or Contributions to the Knowledge of the Fauna of Mexico and Central America. Zoology. Lepidoptera. Heterocera by H. Druce. Vol. 2. Taylor and Francis, London, 692 pp.
Gurule, S. A. & Nikam, S. M. (2013) The moths (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) of northern Maharashtra: a preliminary checklist. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 5 (12), 4693 - 4713. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / JoTT. o 2555.4693 - 713
Hampson, G. F. (1891) Illustrations of typical specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the collection of the British Museum. Part 8. The Lepidoptera Heterocera of the Nilgiri District. Taylor and Francis, London, 144 pp.
Hampson, G. F. (1893) Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the British Museum. Part 9. The Macrolepidoptera Heterocera of Ceylon. Taylor and Francis, London, 182 pp.
Hampson, G. F. (1894) The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Moths. Vol. 2. Taylor and Francis, London, 609 pp.
Hampson, G. F. (1895) Descriptions of new Heterocera from India. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1895, 277 - 315. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1895. tb 01672. x
Hampson, G. F. (1896) The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Moths. Vol. 4. Taylor & Francis, London, 549 pp.
Hampson, G. F (1898) The moth of India. Supplementary paper to the volumes in The Fauna of British India . Part II. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 11, 438 - 462.
Hampson, G. F. (1900) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum. Vol. 2. Arctiadae. Taylor and Francis, London, 589 pp.
Hampson, G. F. (1902) The moths of India. Supplementary paper to the volumes in The Fauna of British India . Series II, Part VI. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 14, 197 - 219.
Hampson, G. F. (1905 b) Descriptions of new species of Noctuidae in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 16, 369 - 386 + 533 - 549 + 577 - 604. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480509443303
Hampson, G. F. (1907 b) The moths of India. Supplementary paper to the volumes in The Fauna of British India . Series III, Part III. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 17, 447 - 478 + 645 - 677.
Hampson, G. F. (1912) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum. Vol. 11 (Eutelianae, Stictopterinae, Sarrothripinae, Acontianae). Taylor and Francis, London, 689 pp.
Hampson, G. F. (1914 b) Descriptions of new genera and species of Noctuidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 13, 146 - 175 + 197 - 223. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931408693467
Han, H. & Hu, Y. (2019) Three new species and a new record of the genus Evonima Walker, 1865 from China (Lepidoptera, Nolidae, Nolinae). Oriental Insects, 53 (3), 439 - 447. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2018.1521347
Holloway, J. D. (1976) The moths of Borneo with special reference to Mount Kinabalu. Malayan Nature Society & Sabah Foundation, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 264 pp.
Holloway, J. D. (1977) The Lepidoptera of Norfolk Island, their biogeography and ecology. Series Entomologica 3. W. Junk, The Hague, 291 pp.
Holloway, J. D. (1982) Taxonomic appendix. In: Barlow, H. S. (Ed.), An introduction to the moths of South East Asia. The Malaysian Nature Society and E. W. Classey, Kuala Lumpur, pp. 174 - 271.
Holloway, J. D. (2003) The Moths of Borneo (part 18): Family Nolidae. Southdene Sdn. Bhd., Kuala Lumpur, 279 pp.
Horsefield, T. & Moore, F. (1858 - 1859) A Catalogue of the lepidopterous Insects in the Museum of Natural History at East- India House. Vol. 2. W. H. Allen and Company, London, 161 pp. [pp. 279 - 440]
Hubner, J. ([1799]) s. n. In: Sammlung Europaischer Schmetterlinge. Vol. 7. Tortrices. J. Hubner, Augsburg, 53 pls., pp. [i] - [iii] - iv + 1 - 16.
Hubner, J. (1822) Systematisch-Alphabetischen Verzeichniss aller Bischer beyden Furbildungen zur Sammlung Europaischer Schmetterlinge angegebenen gattungsbenennugen; mit Vvormerkung auch Augburgischer Gattungen. Bey dem Verfasser zu Finden, Augsburg, 79 pp. [pp. 2 - 81] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 48605
Inoue, H. (1970) Two new genera of the subfamily Nycteolinae, Noctuidae, from East Asia (Lepidoptera). Bulletin of the Japan Entomological Academy, 5, 37 - 42.
Joshi, R., Singh, N. & Laszlo, G. M. (2019) An updated Checklist of subfamily Nolinae (Lepidoptera, Nolidae) from India. Records Zoological Survey of India, 119 (3), 263 - 281.
Joshi, R., Pathania, P. C., Das, A., Mazumder, A., Ranjan, R. & Singh, N. (2021) Insecta: Lepidoptera: Heterocera (Moths). In: Chandra, K., Kosygin, L., Raghunathan, C. & Gupta, D. (Eds.), Faunal Diversity of Biogeographic Zones of India: North- East. Published by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, pp. 511 - 576.
Kendrick, R. C. (2002) Moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera) of Hong Kong. Ph. D. Dissertation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, xvi + 660 pp. [Hong Kong University Thesis Online: http: // library. hku. hk / record = b 3027883]
Khan, Z. H., Ramamurthy, V. V., Dar, M. A. & Raina, R. H. (2011) The Asian Walnut Moth Erschoviella musculana Erschoff, 1874 (Nolidae: Lepidoptera) A New Pest of Walnut for Kashmir Valley of J & K, India. Indian Horticulture Journal, 1 (1), 055 - 056.
Kirti, J. S., Singh, H. & Singh, N. (2014) New records of three species of Nolidae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea) from India. International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies, 1 (6), 131 - 134.
Kobes, L. W. R. (1988) A new genus and 17 new species from Sumatra (Lepidoptera: Aganaidae [Aganainae], and Noctuidae [Acronictinae, Chloephorinae, Ophiderinae). Heterocera Sumatrana, 2 (6), 79 - 109.
Kobes, L. W. R. (1997) The Chloephorinae of Sumatra (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Heterocera Sumatrana, 11, 1 - 240.
Kononenko, V. S. & Pinratana, A. (2013) Moths of Thailand. Vol. 3. Part 2. Noctuoidea. An illustrated Catalogue of Erebidae, Nolidae, Euteliidae and Noctuidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera) in Thailand. Brothers of St. Gabriel in Thailand, Bangkok, 625 pp.
Laszlo, G. M., Ronkay, G. & Witt, T. J. (2010) Contribution to the Nolinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) fauna of North Thailand. Esperiana, 15, 7 - 126.
Latreille, P. A. (1809) Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum secundum ordinem naturalem in familias disposita, iconibus exemplisque pluribus explicata. 4. Amand Koenig, Bibliopolam, Paris, 399 pp.
Lederer, J. (1869) Verzeichniss der von Herrn Jos. Haberhauer bei Astrabad in Persien gesammelten Schmetterlinge. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 6 (2), 73 - 93.
Leech, J. H. (1889) On the Lepidoptera of Japan and Corea. Part 3. Heterocera, sect 2. noctues and deltoids. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1889, 474 - 571. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1889. tb 06789. x
Leech, J. H. (1899) Lepidoptera Heterocera from Northern China, Japan and Corea. Part. 2. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1899, 99 - 219. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1899. tb 03304. x
Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542
Linnaeus, C. (1761) Fauna Suecica Sistens Animalia Sueciae Regni: Mamalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Distributa per Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum differentiis Specierum, Synonymis Auctorum, Nominibus Incolarum, Locis Natalium, Descriptionibus Insectorum. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 578 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46380
Lucas, T. P. (1890) On Queensland and other Australian Macro-Lepidoptera, with Localities and Descriptions of new Species. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, Series 2, 4, 1065 - 1099. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 15080
Lucas, T. P. (1892) On 34 new species of Australian Lepidoptera with additional localities, etc. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 8, 68 - 94.
Mabille, M. P. (1900) Lepidoptera nova Malagassica et Africana. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 68, 723 - 753.
Mandal, D. K. & Maulik, D. R. (1991) Noctuidae, Sphingidae. In: Director (Ed.) Fauna of Orissa. State Fauna. Series I. Part- 3. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, pp. 209 - 234.
Mathew, G., Chandran, R., Brijesh, C. M. & Shamsudeen, R. S. M. (2004) Insect fauna of Shendurny Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala. Zoos' Print Journal, 19 (1), 1321 - 1327. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / JoTT. ZPJ. 19.1.1321 - 7
Mathew, G., Shamsudeen, R. S. M. & Chandran, R. (2005) Insect fauna of Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, India. Zoo's Print Journal, 20 (8), 1955 - 1960. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / JoTT. ZPJ. 1280.1955 - 60
Mathew, G., Shamsudeen, R. S. M. & Brijesh, C. M. (2007) Insect fauna of Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, India. Zoo's Print Journal, 22 (12), 2930 - 2933. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / JoTT. ZPJ. 1575.2930 - 3
Mathew, P., Anand, S., Sivasankaran, K. & Ignacimuthu, S. (2018) The moths (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) of vagamon hills (Western Ghats), Idukki district, Kerala, India. International Journal of Entomology Research, 3 (2), 114 - 120.
Mell, R., (1943) Beitrage zur Fauna sinica, XXIV, Ueber Phlogophorinae, Odontodinae, Sarrothripinae, Westermannianae und Camptolominae (Noctuidae, Lepid.) bon Kuangtung. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Oekologie, und Geographie der Tiere, 76, 171 - 266.
Meyrick, E. (1902) Descriptions of new Australian Lepidoptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1902, 25 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1902. tb 01012. x
Moore, F. (1867) On the Lepidopterous Insects of Bengal. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867, 44 - 98 + 612 - 686.
Moore, F. (1877) The Lepidopterous Fauna of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1877, 580 - 632.
Moore, F. (1879) Heterocera (Sphingidae - Hepialidae). Part 1. In: Hewitson, W. C. & Moore, F. (Eds.), Descriptions of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the collection of the late Mr. W. S. Atkinson. Taylor and Francis, London, pp. 1 - 88.
Moore, F. (1881) Descriptions of new genera and species of Asiatic nocturnal Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881, 326 - 380. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1881. tb 01292. x
Moore, F. (1882 a) Heterocera (Cymatophoridae-Herminiidae). Part 2. In: Hewitson, W. C. & Moore, F. (Eds.), Descriptions of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the Collection of the late Mr. W. S. Atkinson. Taylor and Francis, London, pp. 89 - 198.
Moore, F. (1888 a) Heterocera (Pyralidae, Crambidae, Geometridae, Tortricidae, Tineidae). Part 3. In: Hewitson, W. C. & Moore, F. (Eds.), Descriptions of new Indian Lepidopterous Insects from the collection of the late Mr. W. S. Atkinson. Taylor and Francis, London, pp. 199 - 299.
Moschler, H. B. (1884) Beitrage zur Schmetterlings-Fauna des Kafferlands. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 33, 267 - 310. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 25326
Pellinen, M. J. & Wahlberg, N. (2021) Changes in the genus Beana Walker (Beaninae Zahiri & Holloway) with two new species and removing Beana nitida Tams to a new genus Beanoides (gen. nov.). Zootaxa, 4941 (3), 415 - 424. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4941.3.6
Poole, R. W. (1989) Lepidopterorum Catalogus. New Series. Fascicle 118. Noctuidae [in 3 parts]. E. J. Brill, Flora and Fauna Publications, New York, 1314 pp.
Prout, A. E. (1921) Notes on some Noctuidae in the Joicey Collection with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 8, 1 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932108632557
Prout, A. E. (1922) On some apparently new species and forms of Noctuidae. Collected by C., F., and J. Pratt, in the mountains of Central Ceram, October, 1919, to February, 1920. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, 1, 193 - 251.
Prout, A. E. (1924) Some apparently new Noctuidae from Sumatra, New Guinea, Mefor and Buru. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, 1, 427 - 450.
Robinson, G. S., Ackery, P. R., Kitching, I. J., Beccaloni, G. W. & Hernandez, L. M. (2001) Hostplants of the moth and butterfly caterpillars of the Oriental Region. The Natural History Museum and Southdene Sdn Bhd, Kuala Lumpur, 744 pp.
Roepke, W. (1935) Alte und neue Indomalayische Noctuiden (Lepidoptera Heterocera) aus dem Leidener Museum. Zoologische Mededeelingen, 18, 269 - 280.
Roepke, W. (1938) Ueber Indomalayische Lepidoptera Heterocera des Kon. Museums fur Naturkunde in Brussel. Bulletin du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturellede Belgique, 14 (13), 1 - 72.
Rogenhofer, A. F. (1870) Ueber die synonymie und di fruheren stande von Earias insulana B. (siliquana H. Sch.) und beschreibung einer neuen art. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-K oniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 20, 869 - 874.
Rogenhofer, A. F. (1881) Sarothripa nilotica m. Eine neue Nycteolide aus Egypten. Verhandlungen des Zoologische-Botanischen Vereins in Wien, 31, 26 - 27.
Rothschild, W. & Jordan, K. (1896) Notes on Heterocera, with descriptions of new genera and species. Novitates Zoologicae, 3, 21 - 62 + 185 - 208.
Saalmuller, M. (1884) Lepidopteren von Madagascar. Neue und wenig bekannte Arten zumeist aus der Sammlung der Senckenberg'schen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Frankfurt am Main unter Berucksichtigung der gesammten Lepidopteren-fauna Madagascars. Werner und Winter, Frankfurt, A. M., 246 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8759
Sanyal, A. K., Mallick, K., Khan, S., Bandyopadhyay, U., Mazumder, A., Bhattacharyya, K., Pathania, P. C., Raha, A. & Chandra, K. (2018) Insecta: Lepidoptera (Moths). In: Chandra, K., Gupta, D., Gopi, K. C., Tripathy, B. & Kumar, V. (Eds.), Faunal Diversity of Indian Himalaya. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, pp. 651 - 726.
Schmid, A. (1886) Die Lepidopteren-fauna der Regensburger umgegend mit kelheim und worth. Correspondenz-Blatt des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereines in Regensburg, 39, 75.
Schultze, W. (1907) New Lepidoptera of the Philippine Island. Philippine Journal of Science, 2 (A), 361 - 375.
Scopoli, J. A. (1772) Annus V. Historico-Naturalis. Christ. Gottlob Hilscheri, Lipsiae, 128 pp.
Sevastopulo, D. G. (1945) List of Heterocera of Calcutta. Journal of the Bengal Natural History Society, 19, 113 - 129.
Sharma, G. (2011) Studies on Lepidopterous insects associated with vegetables in Aravalli Range, Rajasthan, India. Biological Forum - An International Journal, 3 (1), 21 - 26.
Shubhalaxmi, V., Kendrick, R. C., Vaidya, A., Kalagi, N. & Bhagwat, A. (2011) Inventory of moth fauna (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) of the northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 108 (3), 183 - 205.
Singh, N., Ahmad, J. & Joshi, R. (2017) An inventory of moths (Lepidoptera) from Topchanchi wildlife sanctuary, Jharkhand. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 5 (4), 1456 - 1466.
Singh, N., Pathania, P. C., Das, A., Mazumder, A. & Sood, R. (2019) Insecta: Lepidoptera: Heterocera (Moths). In: Director (Ed.), Fauna of Punjab, State Fauna Series, 23. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, pp. 307 - 355.
Sivasankaran, K., Anand, S., Mathew, P. & Ignacimuthu, S. (2017) Checklist of the superfamily Noctuoidea (Insecta, Lepidoptera) from Tamil Nadu, Western Ghats, India. Check List, 13 (6), 1101 - 1120. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 13.6.1101
Snellen, P. C. T. (1872) Bijdrage tot de Vlinder-Fauna van Neder-Guinea, Zuidwestelijk gedeelte van Afrika. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 15, 1 - 110.
Snellen, P. C. T. (1877) Lepidoptera op Sumatra verzameld, voornamelijk in Atchin, door J. J. Korndorfer, Kapitein Iste Klasse, Oud-Kommandant van het detachment mariniers in Atchin, met beschrijving van eeniger nieuwe soorten. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 20, 65 - 79.
Snellen, P. C. T. (1879) Lepidoptera van Celebes verzameld door Mr. M. C. Piepers, met aanteekeningen en beschrijving der nieuwe soorten. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 22, 61 - 126.
Sondhi, Y., Sondhi, S., Pathour, S. R. & Kunte, K. (2018) Moth diversity (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) of Shendurney and Ponmudi in Agastyamalai Biosphere Reserve, Kerala, India, with notes on new records. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 28 (2), 66 - 89.
Stainton, H. T. (1859) A manual of British Butterflies and moths. Vol. 2. John van Voorst, London, 475 pp.
Staudinger, O. (1887) Neue arten und variettaten von Lepidopteren aus dem Amur-Gebiet. Memoires sur les Lepidopteres, 3, 126 - 232.
Staudinger, O. (1897) Ueber die Lepidopteren-Fauna von Haifa in Syrien. Von Adolf Freiherrn von Kalchberg in Wien. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift herausgegeben von der Gesellschaft Iris zu Dresden, 10, 161 - 190.
Strand, E. (1915 b) Zur kenntniss des noctuidengattung Maurilia Moschler. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 80 A (11), 163 - 166.
Sugi, S. (1982) Noctuidae (except Herminiinae). In: Inoue, H., Sugi, S., Kuroko, H., Moriuti, S. & Kawabe, A. (Eds.), Moths of Japan. Vol. 1. Kodansha, Tokyo, pp. 669 - 913.
Swederus, N. S. (1787) Et nytt genus och femtio nya species aft insecter, beskrifne. Handlingar K. Svenska Vetenkaps-Akademein, Stockholm, Series 2, 8, 181 - 210 + 276 - 290.
Swinhoe, C. (1885) On the Lepidoptera of Bombay and the Deccan. Heterocera. Part II & III. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, II & III, 287 - 307 & 447 - 476. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1885. tb 02910. x
Swinhoe, C. (1886) On the Lepidoptera of Mhow, in Central India. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1886, 421 - 465.
Swinhoe, C. (1889) On new Indian Lepidoptera, chiefly Heterocera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1889, 396 - 431. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1889. tb 06782. x
Swinhoe, C. (1890) The moths of Burma. Part I & II. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1890 (I & II), 161 - 200 & 201 - 296. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1890. tb 03023. x
Swinhoe, C. (1893) New species of Oriental moths. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 12, 210 - 225 + 254 - 265. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939308677617
Swinhoe, C. (1894) New species of Eastern Lepidoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 14, 429 - 443. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939408677830
Swinhoe, C. (1896) New species of Lepidoptera from the Khasia Hills. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 17, 357 - 363. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939608680380
Swinhoe, C. (1901) New Genera and Species of Eastern and Australian Moths. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 7, 463 - 473, 489 - 501. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930108678505
Swinhoe, C. (1905) New species of eastern Heterocera in the National Collection. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 15, 149 - 167. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745480509442813
Swinhoe, C. (1918) New species of Indo-Malayan Heterocera, and descriptions of genitalia, with reference to the geographical distribution of species resembling each other. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 2, 65 - 95. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931808562344
Swinhoe, C. (1919 b) Indo-Malayan and Australian Noctuidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 4, 118 - 127. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931908673880
Tams, W. H. T. (1924) List of the moths collected in Siam by E. J. Godfrey with descriptions of new species. Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam, 6, 229 - 289.
Tillyard, R. J. (1918) The panorpoid complex. Part 1 & 2. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 43, 286 - 319 + 626 - 657.
Turner, A. J. (1902) New genera and species of Lepidoptera belonging to the family Noctuidae. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 27, 77 - 136.
Turner, A. J. (1920) A revision of the Australian Noctuidae. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia, 44, 120 - 189.
Walker, F. (1855) List of the specimens of Lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Vol. 3. The Trustees of the British Museum, London, 193 pp. [pp. 583 - 775]
Walker, F. (1856) List of the specimens of Lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Vol. 9. The Trustees of the British Museum, London, 252 pp. [pp. 1 - 252]
Walker, F. (1859) List of the specimens of Lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Vol. 17. The Trustees of the British Museum, London, 254 pp. [pp. 255 - 508]
Walker, F. (1863 b) List of the specimens of Lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Vol. 28. The Trustees of the British Museum, London, 275 pp. [pp. 287 - 561]
Wallengren, H. D. J. (1863) Lepidopterologische Mittheilungen. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift, 7, 137 - 151.
Warren, W. (1912) New Noctuidae in the Tring Museum, mainly from the Indo-Australian region. Novitates Zoologicae, 19, 1 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 1542
Warren, W. (1913) Familie: Noctuidae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge des Palaearktischen Faunengebietes. 3. Band: Die eulenartigen Nachtfalter. Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 9 - 444.
Warren, W. (1916) New oriental Noctuidae in the Tring Museum. Novitates Zoologicae, 23, 210 - 227.
Wileman, A. E. (1911) New and unrecorded species of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1911, 189 - 407. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1911. tb 03088. x
Wileman, A. E. & South, R. (1920) New species of Noctuidae from the Philippines. Entomologist, 53, 121 - 124 + 271 - 274.
Wileman, A. E. & West, R. J. (1929) Descriptions of eight new species of Formosan, Indian, Japanese and Philippine Nolinae (Lepidoptera Heterocera, Family Arctiidae). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 10, 3, 187 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932908672956
Wu, S., Fu, C. - M., Tzuoo, H. - R., Shih, L. - C., Chang, W. - C. & Lin, H. - H. (2020) An annotated Checklist of macro moths in midto high-mountain ranges of Taiwan (Lepidoptera: Macroheterocera). Formosan Entomologist, 40, 10 - 83.
Yoshimoto, H. (1993) Noctuidae. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal. Part 2. Tinea. Vol. 13. Supplement 3. The Japan Heterocerists' Society, Tokyo, pp. 124 - 141.
Yoshimoto, H. (1994) Noctuidae. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal. Part 3. Tinea. Vol. 14. Supplement 1. The Japan Heterocerists' Society, Tokyo, pp. 95 - 140.
Zahiri, R., Lafontaine, J. D., Holloway, J. D., Kitching, I. J., Schmidt, B. Ch., Kaila, L. & Wahlberg, N. (2013) Major lineages of Nolidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea) elucidated by molecular phylogenetics. Cladistics, 29, 337 - 359. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12001
Zeller, P. C. (1852) Lepidoptera Microptera quae J. A. Wahlberg in Caffrorum Terra Collegit. (Series 3) 40. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Nye Handlingar, Stockholm, 120 pp.
Zolotuhin, V. V. & Witt, T. J. (2000) The Camptolominae of Vietnam and adjacent territories (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Entomofauna, 11 (1), 1 - 12.
FIGURES 1–8. Nolidae Adults: 1, Beana terminigera; 2, Aiteta musculina; 3, Aiteta rufoflava; 4, Ariolica pulchella; 5, Ariolica superba; 6, Blenina donans; 7, Blenina lichenosa; 8, Calymera confinis.
FIGURES 9–16. Nolidae Adults: 9, Calymera nitida; 10, Carea angulata; 11, Chandica quadripennis; 12, Earias cupreoviridis; 13, Earias flavida; 14 Earias luteolaria; 15, Earias vittella; 16, Etanna albonotata.
FIGURES 17–24. Nolidae Adults: 17, Etanna binotata; 18, Etanna breviuscula; 19, Gabala polyspilalis; 20, Gabala roseoretis; 21, Garella ruficirra; 22, Giaura multipunctata; 23, Gyrtothripa pusilla; 24, Gyrtothripa variegata.
FIGURES 25–32. Nolidae Adults: 25, Maurilia iconica; 26, Nycteola mesoplaga; 27, Paracrama latimargo; 28, Siglophora ferreilutea; 29, Siglophora haematica; 30, Sinna dohertyi; 31, Tortriciforma viridipuncta; 32, Tyana callichlora.
| NHMUK |
Natural History Museum, London |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
|
Kingdom |
|
|
Phylum |
|
|
Class |
|
|
Order |
LEPIDOPTERA Linnaeus, 1758
| Joshi, Rahul, Singh, Navneet & Kuni, Nikhil 2021 |
Carea obvia Hampson sensu
| Holloway, J. D. 1976: 26 |