Chromis yamakawai, Iwatsubo & Motomura, 2013

Iwatsubo, Hiroki & Motomura, Hiroyuki, 2013, Redescriptions of Chromis notata (Temminck and Schlegel, 1843) and C. kennensis Whitley, 1964 with the Description of a New Species of Chromis (Perciformes: Pomacentridae), Species Diversity 18, pp. 193-213 : 209-211

Chromis yamakawai sp. nov.

[Standard Japanese name: Kihoshi-suzumedai] [New English name: Northern Yellow-spotted Chromis ] ( Figs 9–11 , 12F ; Tables 3–5)

Chromis notatus (not of Temminck and Schlegel): Aoyagi 1941: 181, fig. 11 (southern part of Japan); Kamohara 1960: 4 ( Kochi, Japan).

Chromis sp. : Masuda et al. 1975: 96, 285, fig. E on p. 96 (southern Japan, including Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands).

Chromis flavomaculatus (not of Kamohara): Masuda et al. 1980: 96, 285, fig. E on p. 96 (southern Japan, including Ryukyu and Ogasawara Islands); Ida 1984: 192, pl. 185, fig. F (central Japan to Taiwan).

Chromis flavomaculata (not of Kamohara): Araga et al. 1985: 148, unnumbered fig. (Izu Peninsula and southwards along Pacific coast of Japan; Taiwan); Allen 1991: 68, unnumbered fig. (southern Japan, including Ryukyu Islands; Taiwan); Aonuma and Yoshino 1993: 809, unnumbered fig. (Ogasawara Islands, Izu Peninsula and southwards along Pacific coast of Japan; Taiwan); Masuda and Kobayashi 1994: 221, fig. 5 on p. 221 (southern Japan); Randall et al. 1997: 258 ( Japan to Taiwan); Aonuma and Yoshino 2000: 925, unnumbered fig. (Ogasawara Islands, Izu Peninsula and southwards along Pacific coast of Japan; Taiwan); Aonuma and Yoshino 2002: 925, unnumbered fig. (Ogasawara Islands, Izu Peninsula and southwards along Pacific coast of Japan; Taiwan); Randall 2005: 357 (southern Japan); Kuiter and Debelius 2006: 530, unnumbered fig. ( Japan); Konishi 2007: 238, unnumbered fig. (Izu, Ogasawara, and Ryukyu islands, Japan; Taiwan); Yoshino and Senou 2008: 264, unnumbered figs (Pacific coast of southern Japan; Hachijo-jima island, Izu Islands; Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands; Taiwan); Araga 2009: 440 (Ogasawara Islands, Izu Peninsula and southwards along Pacific coast of Japan; Taiwan); Motomura et al. 2010: 149 (Yaku-shima island, Kagoshima, Japan); Kato 2011a: 150, unnumbered figs (southern Japan; Hachijo-jima island; Ryukyu Islands; Ogasawara Islands; Taiwan); Kato 2011b: 58, unnumbered figs (Hachijo-jima island, Izu Islands; Taiwan); Allen et al. 2012: 80, unnumbered fig. (southwestern Japan to Philippines); Allen and Erdmann 2012: 580, unnumbered fig. (southern Japan, including Ryukyu Islands; Taiwan; northern Philippines).

Holotype. NSMT-P 111948 (formerly KAUM-I. 40160), 83.0 mm SL, off west coast of Yoron-jima island , Kagoshima, Japan, 27°03′21″N, 128°24′39″E, 10 m depth, 15 August 2011, drive fishing, H. Motomura, M. Yamashita, T. Yoshida, H. Nishiyama, and H. Iwatsubo.

Paratypes. 114 specimens, 18.2–130.8mm SL— JAPAN: BPBM 6880 , 92.2 mm SL, Ishigaki-jima island , Okinawa, May 1968, spear, J . Randall; BPBM 11989 , 68.4 mm SL, Ishigaki-jima island , Okinawa, 22 May 1968, J . Randall and A . Banner; BPBM 35316 , 53.5 mm SL, Tatsumi Bay, Chichi-jima island, Ogasawara Islands , 26 m depth, 7 June 1992, J . Randall and R . Pyle; BPBM 19073 , 2 specimens, 68.4–92.2 mm SL, southeast coast of Sesoko Island , Okinawa, 26 May 1975, spear, J . Randall; BSKU 8513 , 11.3 mm SL, Okino-shima island, Sukumo , Kochi, 8 June 1959; BSKU 65128, 114.2 mm SL, BSKU 65129 , 120.0 mm SL, BSKU 65130, 109.3 mm SL, BSKU 69938, 130.8 mm SL, Okino-shima island , Sukumo , Kochi, line-fishing, 22 August 2002; FAKU 104285 , 69.7 mm SL, FAKU 104420 , 67.9 mm SL, Ankyaba , Amami-oshima island, 24 December 1958, T . Mashima; FAKU 61749 , 90.7 mm SL, FAKU 61753 , 88.7 mm SL, Shirahama, Wakayama, 1981–1982; FAKU 121418, 102.6 mm SL, Shirahama , Wakayama, 1984–1985; FRLM 10757 , 77.6 mm SL, Naha , Okinawa, 17 May 1990, S . Kimura et al .; HMNH-P 3118 , 80.9 mm SL, Okinawa, 17 August 2001; HMNH-P 3505 , 26.4 mm SL, Seragaki, Onna, Okinawa, 18 August 2001; HMNH-P 4286 , 97.9 mm SL, Manzamo, Onna, Okinawa, 1 January 2002; HMNH-P 7485 , 108.0 mm SL, HMNH-P 7486 , 89.6 mm, Okinawa, 27 December 2003, Okinawa Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives ; HUMZ 3455 , 82.8 mm SL, HUMZ 3456 , 73.3 mm SL, Okinawa; HUMZ 3457 , 85.1 mm SL, Okinawa; HUMZ 3461 , 79.0 mm SL, Okinawa; HUMZ 39070 , 72.9 mm SL, Chinen, Okinawa, 6 March 1974; HUMZ 46754 , 66.3 mm SL, HUMZ 46758 , 66.6 mm SL, Naha Fish Market, Naha, Okinawa, 29 October 1975; HUMZ 48235 , 76.4 mm SL, Naha, Okinawa, 13 April 1973; HUMZ48567 , 85.8 mm SL, Naha, Okinawa, 13 April 1973; HUMZ 48579 , 83.0 mm SL, Naha, Okinawa, 13 April 1973; KAUM-I . 7211, 96.0 mm SL, KAUM-I. 7212, 103.0 mm SL, off Kakeroma-jima island, Setouchi, Amami Islands , Kagoshima, 13 November 2007, net, FV Uehara-maru; KAUM-I . 29581, 18.2 mm SL, off west coast of Iou-jima island, Mishima , Kagoshima, 30°15′42″N, 130°15′42″E, 5–20 m depth, 28 May 2010, hand net, KAUM Fish Team; KAUM-I . 31023, 96.3 mm SL, KAUM-I. 31024, 106.6 mm SL, KAUM-I. 31025, 104.4 mm SL, Miyake-jima island , 25 July 1973, H . Ida ; KAUM-I . 40099, 26.2 mm SL, KAUM-I. 40100, 31.9 mm SL, KAUM-I. 40101, 26.8 mm SL, off southwest coast of Yoron-jima island , Kagoshima, 27°01′48″N, 128°24′37″E, 2–3 m depth, drive fishing, 14 August 2011, H . Motomura et al .; KAUM-I. 40161, 81.7 mm SL, KAUM-I. 40162, 86.4 mm SL, KAUM-I. 40163, 79.5 mm SL, KAUM-I. 40170, 91.8 mm SL, KAUM-I. 40175, 91.0 mm SL, KAUM-I. 40177, 95.3 mm SL, KAUM-I. 40178, 95.8 mm SL, KAUM-I. 40181, 50.5 mm SL, KAUM-I. 40183, 91.5 mm SL, KAUM-I. 40186, 96.1 mm SL, KAUM-I. 40194, 92.8 mm SL, KAUM-I. 40198, 80.5 mm SL, KAUM-I. 40213, 52.4 mm SL, KAUM-I. 40214, 55.2 mm SL, KAUM-I. 40216, 54.9 mm SL, KAUM-I. 40217, 54.6 mm SL, KAUM-I. 40129, 53.9 mm SL, KAUM-I. 40221, 53.7 mm SL, same data as holotype; KPM-NI 4686 , 95.1 mm SL, KPM-NI 4687 , 77.8 mm SL, Ishigaki-jima island, Okinawa, net, March 1998; KPM-NI 5065 , 26.4 mm SL, KPM-NI 5105 , 91.2 mm SL, KPM-NI 5106 , 89.3 mm SL, Ie-jima island , Okinawa, 4 m depth, hand net, 19 June 1998, T . Nomura; KPM-NI 17973, 121.9 mm SL, Gunkan Dike, Kaminato Port , Kaminatohigashi , Hachijojima island, Tokyo, line-fishing, 16 August 2000, Y . Miyazaki; KPM-NI 18542, 112.7 mm SL, Futami Port, Chichijima island, Ogasawara Islands , Tokyo, line-fishing, 12 December 2006, Y . Miyazaki; KSHS 15340 , 82.7 mm SL, KSHS 15341 , 78.0 mm SL, Okinawa-jima island, March–April 1974; KSHS 16983 , 85.3 mm SL, KSHS 16984 , 85.6 mm SL, KSHS 16985 , 77.9 mm SL, KSHS 16986 , 79.2 mm SL, Naha Fish Market, Naha , Okinawa, 5 November 1975; NSMT-P 3246–004 , 98.0 mm SL, Amami-oshima island , 21 November 1957; NSMT-P 29624 , 77.2 mm SL, Miyako-jima island , Okinawa, 20 m depth, net, 21 July 1988, H . Senou and M . Aizawa; NSMT-P 30613 , 55.4 mm SL, Igaya Bay, Miyakejima island, Izu Islands , 34°06′N, 139°30′E, 17 November 1974; NSMT-P 30742 , 67.6 mm SL, Igaya Bay , Miyake-jima island , Izu Islands , 34°06′N, 139°30′E, 19 November 1974; NSMT-P 30811 , 79.2 mm SL, NSMT-P 30812 , 76.5 mm SL, Igaya Bay , Miyake-jima island , Izu Islands , 30°06′N, 139°30′E, 10 m depth, 21 December 1976; NSMT-P 32798 , 32.9 mm SL, Miyanohama Bay , Chichi-jima island , Ogasawara Islands , 27°06′N, 142°15′E, hand net, 10 June 1990, J . Okuno; NSMT-P 90966, 103.9 mm SL, NSMT-P 90967, 109.1 mm SL, Futami Bay, Chichi-jima island, Ogasawara Islands , 12 December 2006, Y . Miyazaki; NSMT-P 92979 , 2 specimens, 98.6–98.9 mm SL, Keise-jima island , Okinawa, 6 July 2003, T . Kon; NSMT-P 32810 , 2 specimens, 18.9– 23.4 mm SL, Kominato beach, Chichi-jima Island , Ogasawara Islands , 27°03′N, 142°11′E, 3 m depth, 12 June 1990, K . Matsuura; NSMT-P 105526 , 25.3 mm SL, Sokaru , Amami-oshima island, Kagoshima, 8 m depth, 11 June 1991, K . Matsuura and M . Aizawa; URM-P 907 , 69.1 mm SL, URM-P 908 , 67.0 mm SL, URM-P 909 , 68.4 mm SL, URM – P 910 , 73.3 mm SL, URM-P 911 , 70.7 mm SL, Okinawa Island; URM-P 1182 , 94.7 mm SL, Tomari Fish Market , Naha , Okinawa, 10 December 1981; URM-P 4598 , 97.2 mm SL, Ishigaki Port , Ishigaki-jima island , Okinawa, 6 September 1982, H . Masuda ; URM-P 11761 , 77.1 mm SL, Okinawa, 9 September 1985, Y . Aonuma ; URM-P 22905 , 89.2 mm

SL, off Tropical Biosphere Research Center Sesoko Station , University of the Ryukyus , Sesoko-jima island, Okinawa, 13 July 1977, T . Yoshino ; URM-P 27135 , 68.9 mm SL, Amamioshima island, Kagoshima, 27 March 1992, Y . Sakurai et al.; URM-P 30301 , 88.5 mm SL, Okinawa , 17 September 1993, H . Yoshigou and Y. Sakurai ; URM-P 31167 , 66.4 mm SL, Okinawa, 12 February1994, H . Yoshigou ; URM-P 33815 , 76.0 mm SL, Okinawa, 16 June 1995, H . Yoshigou ; URM-P 37846 , 100.0 mm SL, Maeda Cape, Okinawa, 11 April 1997, H . Yoshigou and M. Sekine ; URM-P 37901 , 92.5 mm SL, Okinawa, 19 April 1997, N . Takei and H. Yoshigou ; URM-P 38096 , 71.0 mm SL, Okinawa, 17 May 1997, H . Yoshigou et al.; URM-P 39899 , 78.2 mm SL, URM-P 39900 , 82.0 mm SL, Setouchi , Amami-oshima island, Kagoshima, 6 April 1998, Setouchi Fisheries Cooperative; WAM-P 25516–016, 74.7 mm SL, Okinawa . PHILIPPINES: USNM 314196 , 2 specimens, 70.8–72.3 mm SL, Y’ami Island , Batan Islands, 21°07′35″N, 121°56′45″E, 15–20m depth, 26 April 1987, D . Johnson et al.; USNM 364157 , 79.4 mm SL, Sabatan Island , 9 November 1908 .

Diagnosis. A species of Chromis with the following combination of characters: dorsal fin rays XIII–XIV, 11–13 (mode XIII, 12); anal fin rays II, 10–12 (11); pectoral fin rays 17–21 (19); principal caudal fin rays 15; spiniform caudal fin rays 2; scale rows in longitudinal series 21–27 (26); tubed lateral line scales 16–21 (19); scale rows above lateral line 3, scale rows below lateral line 9–10 (9); gill rakers 6–9 (7)+20–25 (23)=27–33 (30); preopercular margin smooth; caudal fin deeply forked, without prolonged filaments; basal width of pelvic fin axillary scale 1.7–2.8% of SL; basal width of scale between pelvic fin bases 2.2–3.9% of SL; prominent black blotch covering upper two-thirds of pectoral fin base in juveniles and covering entire fin base in adults; no white spot at end of dorsal fin base; caudal peduncle without distinct markings; caudal fin yellowish without dark band along each fin lobe.

Description. Proportional measurements as percentages of SL are given in Table 4. Frequency distributions of selected meristic characters are presented in Table 3. Features for the holotype are presented first, followed by paratype data in parentheses. Characters given in the diagnosis are not repeated here.

Body moderately deep, compressed. Dorsal profile of head slightly convex. Snout shorter than orbit diameter. Mouth terminal, small, oblique; posterior margin of maxilla just reaching (or not reaching) to vertical through anterior margin of pupil. Upper jaw with entire row of canine teeth, 2 or 3 irregular rows of smaller conical teeth anteriorly, 1 such row posteriorly. Lower jaw with row of canine teeth and anterior inner row of small conical teeth; no small posterior teeth. No teeth on vomer and palatines. Tongue obtuse triangular. Gill rakers long and slender, longest on lower limb near angle, about three-fourths as long as longest gill filaments. Nostril with fleshy rim, more protrusive on posterior edge, vertically situated at level of middle of pupil. Preopercular margin smooth; upper end not reaching level of upper margin of orbit. Suborbital with free lower margin. Opercular margin with small, flat spine projecting from be- neath large scale. Body scales finely ctenoid. Scales covering head except for lips, tip of snout, and narrow zone from orbit to around nostrils. Anterior lateral line ending below soft-rayed portion of dorsal fin. Scaly sheath at base of dorsal fin, its width about one-half of pupil diameter at base of middle of dorsal fin. Scales covering basal parts of dorsal, pectoral, and anal fins. Small scales covering entire caudal fin, except for center and posterior margin. Small scales on basesof pectoral fins. One median scale process extending posteriorly from between bases of pelvic fins, its length about half that of pelvic spine. Axillary scale above base of pelvic spine more than one-third as long as that spine. Origin of dorsal fin above third (or fourth) tubed scale. Tip of pectoral fin not reaching vertical through origin of anal fin. Depressed pelvic fin reaching to (or just short of) origin of anal fin. Vertebrae 11+15=26.

Color when fresh (based on color photographs of KAUM- I. 40100 and NSMT-P 111948; Fig. 10A, B ): body olivebrown with dark-brown-margined body scales (more yellowish body in young). Upper head and nape greenish brown; suborbital and opercular scales sometimes bluish. Spinous portion of dorsal fin yellowish brown with dark margin in young, brownish without marginal marking in adults; posterior half of soft-rayed portion of dorsal fin transparent. Pectoral fin transparent. Pelvic fin yellowish to brownish anteriorly, transparent posteriorly. Anterior twothirds of anal fin blackish, remaining portion transparent. Caudal fin lobes yellow in young, dark yellow in adults, and transparent centrally. Color of preserved specimens similar to that of fresh specimens, except for dusky brown caudal fin.

Distribution. Chromis yamakawai is known from the Izu Islands (recorded from Miyake-jima and Hachijo-jima islands), the Ogasawara Islands (Chichi-jima island), the Pacific coast of southern Japan (Wakayama and Okinoshima island, Kochi), the Ryukyu Islands (Iou-jima, Amami-oshima, Kakeroma-jima, Yoron-jima, Okinawa-jima, Ie-jima, Sesoko-jima, Keise-jima, and Ishigaki-jima islands), and the Philippines (Batan Islands) ( Fig. 9 ).

Etymology. The species is named for Takeshi Yamakawa ( Kochi, Japan), who first recognized this species as new and kindly made specimens available to the authors.

Remarks. Chromis yamakawai has previously been regarded as C. flavomaculata , the latter being regarded as a junior synonym of C. notata in this study (see Remarks for C. kennensis ). Comparisons among C. notata , C. kennensis , C. yamakawai , and C. pura are made in the Remarks for C. kennensis . These four species can be distinguished from other members of Chromis by having a smooth preopercular margin, a large, black blotch at the base of the pectoral fin, a blackish or brownish caudal peduncle, and a caudal fin without filamentous rays. Chromis westaustralis Allen, 1976 , endemic to Western Australia, is similar to C. notata in general coloration and morphology, but specimens of C. westaustralis were not available for this study; detailed comparisons between the two species are required to assess the taxonomic status of C. westaustralis .

The squamation and sensory pores on the heads of C. notata , C. kennensis , and C. yamakawai are shown in Fig. 12 . The distribution of sensory pores on the head varies individually and does not represent a species-specific pattern ( Fig. 12 ).

Figures

Fig. 9. Distributional records of Chromis kennensis (◆) and C. yamakawai sp. nov. (★) on the basis of specimens examined in this study.Some symbols include more than one specimen.

Fig. 10. Photographs of Chromis yamakawai sp. nov. A, KAUM-I. 40100, juvenile, 31.9mm SL, Iou-jima island, Kagoshima, Japan; B, NSMT-P 111948, holotype, 83.0mm SL, Yoron-jima island, Kagoshima, Japan; C, juvenile, Hachijo-jima island, Izu Islands, Japan (photo by S. Kato); D, adult, Hachijo-jima island, Izu Islands, Japan (photo by S. Kato).

Fig. 11. Relationships of (A) basal width of pelvic fin axillary scale and (B) basal width of scale between bases of pelvic fins to standard length in Chromis kennensis (◆) and C. yamakawai sp. nov. (★).

Fig. 12. Heads of three species of Chromis. A–D, C. notata (A, KAUM-I. 26534, 97.7mm SL, Tobi-shima island, Yamagata, Japan; B, KAUM-I. 33715, 104.5mm SL, Kagoshima, Japan; C, KPM-NI 24878, 100.0mm SL, Enoshima island, Kanagawa, Japan; D: ZUMT 53957, 126.3mm SL, Miyake-jima island, Izu Islands, Japan); E, C. kennensis (AMS IB. 4973, holotype, 77.6mm SL, Kenn Reef, Coral Sea); F,C. yamakawai sp. nov. (NSMT-P 111948, holotype, 83.0mm SL, Yoron-jima island, Kagoshima, Japan). AN, anterior nostril; PN, posterior nostril.