Purussaurus mirandai Aguilera, Riff, and Bocquentin Villanueva, 2006
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.26879/657 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EBF65B-FFF7-FFB6-FF0B-FD61FBC0FA44 |
treatment provided by |
Felipe |
scientific name |
Purussaurus mirandai Aguilera, Riff, and Bocquentin Villanueva, 2006 |
status |
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Purussaurus mirandai Aguilera, Riff, and Bocquentin Villanueva, 2006
The type species of Purussaurus , P. brasiliensis , was described based on the anterior portion of a right mandibular ramus from the Miocene Solimões Formation, Acre, Brazil (Barbosa-Rodrigues, 1892). More complete cranial and mandibular material from this formation was later described and figured (Aguilera et al., 2006; Aureliano et al., 2015). Besides P. brasiliensis , two more species were described, P. neivensis from the middle Miocene, La Venta fauna, Colombia ( Mook, 1941; Langston, 1965) and the Pebas system of Peru ( Salas-Gismondi et al., 2015), and P. mirandai from the Urumaco Formation, Venezuela (Aguilera et al., 2006).
To date, only a single species, Purussaurus mirandai , is recognised in the Urumaco Formation (Aguilera et al., 2006; Sánchez-Villagra and Aguilera, 2006; Riff et al., 2010; Scheyer et al., 2013). Besides the cranial and mandibular remains used in the original description (of the holotype UNEFM- CIAAP-1369, Figure 24.1-5 View FIGURE 24 ; paratypes UNEFM- CIAAP-1445, Figure 24.6 View FIGURE 24 ; AMU-CURS-135, Figure 24.7 View FIGURE 24 , MCNC-URU-115-72V, Figure 25.1 View FIGURE 25 ; MCNC- URU-157-72V; referred material AMU-CURS-033 and -057; MCNC-URU-76-72V), several other Purussaurus specimens including cranial remains are stored in the collections in Urumaco, Coro, and Caracas or have since been discovered in the field. It is difficult in many cases, however, to identify isolated specimens down to the species level.
MCNC-URU-115-72V constitutes the anterior portion of a right dentary ( Figure 25.1 View FIGURE 25 ). This dentary fragment preserves the anterior nine and a half alveoli, the fourth alveolus being 46 mm in diameter. It was apparently found close to specimen MCNC-URU-112-72V, associated cranial and mandibular material that was both heavily and falsely reconstructed with plaster, which, following Aguilera et al. (2006, page 230) is excluded herein.
A right premaxilla and maxilla shown in ventral view, instead of the aforementioned right dentary, was presented by Aguilera et al. (2006) as paratype material (as ‘MCC URU-115-72V’: Aguilera et al., 2006, figure 3B). These bones are part of a more complete cranial specimen, accompanied by the left premaxilla and maxilla, as was shown previously in Aguilera (2004, page 91). The remains from the left side of the skull could be relocated and have been virtually assembled to their life position in Figure 25.2-3 View FIGURE 25 , which is some degrees wider than previously indicated (Aguilera, 2004), forming a round snout shape. The premaxillae are huge, flat, and carry a prominent posterior process framing a huge external narial opening, thus allowing assignment of the material to Purussaurus mirandai . We hypothesise that all skull fragments ( Figure 25.2-4 View FIGURE 25 ) belong to MCNC-URU-158- 72V (see discussion below), together with more posterior skull parts, including a partial skull table, a jugal, the pterygoids (?), an ectopterygoid, and the quadrates ( Figure 25.5-21 View FIGURE 25 ). On the other hand, it is noteworthy that at least one other, smaller skull fragment ( Figure 25.22 View FIGURE 25 ) assignable to Purussaurus was accessioned under the same number (two small caimanine skulls, not shown in the figures, are also within this assemblage). Furthermore, two lower dentary fragments lacking documentation ( Figure 25.23 View FIGURE 25 ) likely belong to MCNC-URU-158- 72V as well. The fragments show the symphyseal region, which was measured to be 21 cm in anteroposterior length. The left dentary has nine alveoli preserved, whereas 17 alveoli are preserved on the right dentary fragment. The diameter of the first alveolus is about 6 cm.
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