Phtheochroa Stephens, 1829

Zlatkov, Boyan & Huemer, Peter, 2017, Allopatric cryptic diversity in the alpine species complex Phtheochroa frigidana s. lat. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 368, pp. 1-25 : 3

Genus Phtheochroa Stephens, 1829

The analysis of genitalia structures of everted vesicae in male genitalia and DNA barcodes revealed the existence of five European species in the Phtheochroa frigidana group. The key to the species is followed by detailed taxonomic descriptions.

Key to the Phtheochroa frigidana species group, based on male genitalia

1. Vesica with a single long dorsal diverticulum bearing cornutus ( Fig. 7 A–B). Phallic process straight ( Fig. 4H ), phallus almost straight ............................................................. P. frigidana (Guenée, 1845)

– Vesica with two distinct diverticula, each with cornutus. Phallic process apically curved to the right, phallus curved....................................................................................................................................2

2. Vesica with dorsal and ventral diverticulum protruding from its small right part ( Fig. 6 A–B) ....... .............................................................................................................................. P. alpinana sp. nov.

– Vesica with right and left diverticulum protruding from its large right part..................................3

3. Forewing upperside pale yellow, hindwing pale grey. Main part of vesica in lateral left view angular ( Fig. 7C ). The angle between the axes of phallus and right diverticulum 120–140° ( Fig. 7D ). Phallic process slender, not strongly curved ( Fig. 4 I–J) .............................. P. cantabriana sp. nov.

– Forewing upperside ground colour deep yellow, hindwing dark grey ( Fig. 1 A–D, G). Main part of vesica in lateral left view ovoid or subspherical. The angle between the axes of phallus and right diverticulum usually less than 120°. Phallic process robust..................................................4

4. The angle between the axes of phallus and right diverticulum a maximum of 90°. The right part of vesica large, heart-shaped in dorsal view ( Fig. 6D ). Phallic process blunt, curved ( Fig. 4 F–G) ...................................................................................................................... P. apenninana sp. nov.

– The angle between the axes of phallus and right diverticulum 100–120°. The right part of vesica small, not heart-shaped ( Fig. 5B, D ). Phallic process large, sharp-tipped and strongly curved ( Fig. 4 A–C) ......................................................................................... P. schawerdae (Rebel, 1908)

Figures

Fig. 7. Phalli with vesica everted of Phtheochroa spp. A–B. P. frigidana (Guenée, 1845) stat. rev., Andorra, Pyrenees, neotype of Eupoecilia frigidana. – C–D. P. cantabriana sp. nov., Spain, Picos de Europa National Park, holotype. A, C: left. B, D: dorsal. Abbreviations as in Figs 5–6. Scale bar = 250 µm.

Fig. 4. Ventral phallic process of Phtheochroa spp., ventral view. A–C. P. schawerdae (Rebel, 1908) comb. nov. A–B. Bulgaria, Rila Mts. C. Republic of Macedonia, Korab Mts. – D–E. P. alpinana sp. nov., France, Alpes Maritimes. D. Holotype. E. Paratype. – F–G. P. apenninana sp. nov., Italy, Gran Sasso National Park. F. Paratype. G. Holotype. – H. P. frigidana (Guenée, 1845) stat. rev., Andorra, Pyrenees, neotype of Eupoecilia frigidana. – I–J. P. cantabriana sp. nov., Spain, Picos de Europa National Park. I. Holotype. J. Paratype. Scale bar = 100 µm, all to scale.

Fig. 6. Phalli with vesica everted of Phtheochroa spp. A–B. P. alpinana sp. nov., France, Alpes Maritimes, holotype. – C–D. P. apenninana sp. nov., Italy, Gran Sasso National Park, holotype.A, C: left. B, D: dorsal. Abbreviations: dd = dorsal diverticulum; vd = ventral diverticulum; other abbreviations as in Fig. 5. Scale bar = 250 µm.

Fig. 1. Adults of Phtheochroa spp. A–D. P. schawerdae (Rebel, 1908) comb. nov. A. ♂, Bulgaria, Pirin Mts. B. ♂, Bulgaria, Rila Mts. C. ♀, Bulgaria, Rila Mts. D. ♂, Republic of Macedonia, Korab Mts. – E–F. P. alpinana sp. nov., France, Alpes Maritimes. E. Holotype, ♂. F. Paratype, ♀. – G. P. apenninana sp. nov., holotype, ♂, Italy, Gran Sasso National Park. – H. P. frigidana (Guenée, 1845) stat. rev., ♂, neotype of Eupoecilia frigidana, Andorra, Pyrenees. – I–J. P. cantabriana sp. nov., Spain, Picos de Europa National Park. I. Holotype, ♂. J. Paratype, ♂. Scale bar = 5 mm, all to scale.

Fig. 5. Phalli with vesica everted, Phtheochroa schawerdae (Rebel, 1908) comb. nov. A–B. Bulgaria, Rila Mts. –C–D. Republic of Macedonia, Korab Mts.A, C: left.B, D: dorsal.Abbreviations:gs = gonopore sclerotization; ld = left diverticulum; rd = right diverticulum; svd = small ventral diverticulum; vpp = ventral phallic process. Scale bar = 250 µm.