Dryinus orophilus (Benoit, 1950)

Olmi, Massimo, Copeland, Robert S. & Noort, Simon Van, 2019, Dryinidae of the Afrotropical region (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea), Zootaxa 4630 (1), pp. 1-619 : 337-339

27. Dryinus orophilus (Benoit, 1950)

( Figs 137B, C, E, F , 139A, B )

Lestodryinus orophilus Benoit 1950b: 226 ; 1951c: 7.

Dryinus orophilus (Benoit) : Olmi 1984: 781; 1998c: 61; 2006: 13; Olmi & van Harten 2006: 328; Guglielmino & Olmi 2006: 46; Guerrieri 2006: 2397; Olmi 2014: 336; Olmi et al. 2015: 358.

Dryinus incertus Olmi 1984: 785 (synonymized by Olmi 2006); type locality: Grahamstown (Eastern Cape, South Africa); Olmi, 2006: 13, 42.

Description. ♀. Fully winged; body length 2.2–5.3 mm. Head black, except clypeus and mandible testaceous; an- tenna totally testaceous, or brown, except flagellomere 8 testaceous, or brown, except scape, pedicel (occasionally also flagellomere 1) and flagellomeres 6–8 testaceous; propleuron black; pronotum black, except lateral margins and posterior collar testaceous or reddish; rest of mesosoma black; metasoma brown or black; legs testaceous, except coxae and clubs of femora brown; occasionally legs totally testaceous; rarely legs brown, except protrochanter, profemur and protibia testaceous-darkened. Antenna clavate; antennomeres of specimen from Nigeria, Ife, in following proportions: 23:12:72:27:18:17:15:15:12:15. Head ( Fig. 137B ) dull, granulate, with few longitudinal and irregular keels on frons and vertex; occasionally head completely granulate, without keels on frons and vertex (except for frontal line); frontal line complete; occipital carina complete; OPL = OL or shorter than OL; POL = OL or longer than OL; TL longer or shorter than POL; lateral ocelli situated on virtual straight line joining the posterior edges of eyes. Pronotum ( Fig. 137C ) shiny, granulate, with numerous slight striae around disc; pronotum crossed by strong posterior transverse furrow and slight anterior transverse impression; posterior collar short; pronotal tubercle not reaching tegula. Mesoscutum dull, granulate, with short irregular keels on posterior half (often entire posterior half or fourth of mesoscutum reticulate rugose). Notauli incomplete, hardly distinct in posterior half of mesoscutum, reaching at least 0.65–0.75 × length of mesoscutum; occasionally notauli almost reaching posterior margin of mesoscutum. Mesoscutellum dull, granulate. Metanotum reticulate rugose, occasionally granulate. Metapectalpropodeal disc and propodeal declivity reticulate rugose, without longitudinal or transverse keels. Forewing with three dark transverse bands; distal part of 2r-rs&Rs vein longer than proximal part (13: 9 in holotype of L. orophilus ; 7: 3 in holotype of D. incertus ). Protarsomere 1 longer than 4 (21: 15 in holotype of L. orophilus ; 9: 7 in holotype of D. incertus ); protarsomere 3 produced into hook. Enlarged claw ( Figs 137E, F ) with one large subapical tooth and one row of 7–11 lamellae (occasionally in addition to one bristle). Protarsomere 5 ( Figs 137E, F ) with two rows of 15–31 lamellae; apex with 10–18 lamellae. Tibial spurs 1/1/2.

♂. Fully winged; body length 2.8–3.6 mm. Head black, except mandible yellow; antenna yellow-brown; me- sosoma black; metasoma brown; legs yellow, except coxae partly brown. Antenna filiform; antennomeres of specimen from Nigeria, Ife, in following proportions: 13:9:25:16:18:18:15:13:13:17. Head dull, granulate and slightly reticulate rugose; occipital carina incomplete; OL shorter than OOL; OPL shorter than POL; OL shorter than POL. Mesoscutum dull, as sculptured as head. Notauli incomplete, reaching approximately 0.65 × length of mesoscutum. Mesoscutellum and metanotum as sculptured as mesoscutum. Metapectal-propodeal disc and propodeal declivity reticulate rugose. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands; distal part of 2r-rs&Rs vein longer than proximal part; 2R1 cell open. Genitalia in Figs 139A, B . Tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Material examined. Types: ♀ holotype of L. orophilus : DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: North Kivu, Virunga National Park (= Albert National Park ), Rutshuru , 7.IV.1937, Miss. Prophylactique ( MRAC) ; ♀ holotype of D. incertus : SOUTH AFRICA: Eastern Cape, Grahamstown , VIII.1958, suction trap, D. Annecke leg. ( NHMUK) . Paratype of L. orophilus : same locality label as holotype , ♂ allotype of L. orophilus (not valid, because designated after the original description). Other material: ANGOLA: Moxico Prov., Luena (= Vila Luso) , 1♀ ( CAS). CAMEROON: South-West Region, Limbe (= Victoria) , 1♀ ( CAS); Messabengondo , 1–15.III.2003, M. Tussac leg. , 1♀ ( HTS). DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: Haut-Katanga Prov., Shaba, Mweru Lake , Pweto, 1918, P. Gérard leg. , 1♀ ( MRAC) ( Benoit 1951c); Haut-Lomami, Upemba National Park, Lusinga ( MRAC); Haut-Uele (= Haut-Zaire), Garamba National Park ( MRAC); North Kivu , Virunga National Park (= Albert National Park ), Kalinga- Bitshumbi ( MRAC). GABON: Estuaire Prov., Ntoum , 1♀ ( FSAE); Nyanga Prov., Tchibanga ( FSAE); Ogooué-Maritime Prov., Moukalaba-Dougoua Reserve , 7 km NW Doussala, 02°19.84’S 10°32.65’E, 110 m, 21.III.2000, sweep, GA00-S151, Savanna, grasses & Nauclea latifolia , SAM-HYM-PO023755, S. van Noort leg. , 1♀ ( SAMC); Woleu-Ntem Prov., Assok-Ngoum , 01°42’N 11°39’E , 1♀ ( FSAE). GHANA: Ashanti Region, Kumasi Metropolitan, Kwadaso , 2♀♀ ( NHMUK, AMNH). KENYA: Coast Prov., Shimba Hills National Park, 04°23.456’S 39°41.687’E, 389 m, MT, just inside Longomwagandi Forest , 24.IX – 8.X.2008, R. Copeland leg. , 1♀ ( NMK); Eastern Prov., Umani Springs camp, near Chyulu Hills , 02°27.97’S 37°54.80’E, 21–25.XII.1998, MT, R. Copeland leg. , 1♀ ( NMK); Eastern Prov., Njuki–ini Forest, near Forest Station , 00°51.660’S 37°41.843’E, 1455 m, 4.IV–2.V.2007, MT, just inside indigenous forest, R. Copeland leg. , 1♀ ( NMK); Eastern Prov., Samburu Na- tional Reserve, near Ewaso Ng’iro River , 00°56.797’N 37°53.563’E, 874 m, 12–26.VI.2006, MT, riverine forest, next to headquarters, R. Copeland leg. , 2♀♀ ( NMK); Nyanza Prov., Ungoye, ICIPE Field Station , 00°61.517’S 34°09.200’E, 1147 m, 12–26.II.2005, MT, inside seasonally swampy forest, R. Copeland leg. , 1♀ ( NMK); Rift Valley Prov., Masai Mara National Reserve, 01°54.638’S 35°30.672’E, 1756 m, MT, Riverine forest , near KWS Research Station , 25.VII–8.VIII.2008, R. Copeland leg. , 1♀ ( NMK); Rift Valley Prov., Marich Pass field station, 01°53.633’N 35°45.800’E, MT, low canopy riverine forest, 18.IV–2.V.2005, R. Copeland leg. , 1♀ ( NMK). MA- LAWI: Central Region, Kasungu District, Mtunthama , VIII.1982, J. Feehan leg. , 2♀♀ ( DJBC); same locality label, VII.1982, 1 ♀ ( CNC). MOZAMBIQUE: Maputo Prov., Maputo, Costa do Sol , reared from Dictyopharidae , 1♀ ( AMNH); Maputo Prov., 9 km N of Ponta de Ouro , reared from Paroxychara cowla Medler , 1♀ ( AMNH); Gaza Prov., Praia do Bilene Airport , reared from Paroxychara cowla Medler , 1♀ ( AMNH); Niassa Prov., Cuamba, Farm of the Catholic University of Mozambique , C. 4.III.2005, B. 9.III.2005, Sf. 26.III.2005, M. Olmi reared from a nymph of Elasmoscelis cimicoides Spinola , 1♀ ( MOLC); Niassa Prov., Cuamba, Mituque , 6–22.V.2008, MT, M. Olmi leg. , 1♀ ( MOLC). NIGERIA: Kogi State, Lokoja, Kabba , 1♀ ( CAS); Ogun State, Ikenne , 1♀ ( NHMUK); Ondo State, Akure , 2♀♀ ( AMNH, NHMUK); Osun State, Ife (= Ilé–Ifè ), VII.1973, X.1973, IX.1974, 9.II.1975, J.T. Medler leg. , 2♀♀, 2♂♂ ( NHMUK); Oyo State, Ibadan , 1♀ ( CNC). OMAN: Dhofar, Ain Razat , 17°07.75’N 54°14.24’E, 110 m, 6.X.2001, dishes, F. Strumia leg. , 1♀ ( MOLC). SOUTH AFRICA: Western Cape, Cape Town, Tokai State Forest, Constantiaberge, above Donkerboskloof , 34°02’S 18°23.5’E, 460 m, 12–17.IX.1993, MT, Mesic mountain Fynbos on Sandstone, Protea dominated, SAM-HYM-PO03806, S. van Noort leg. , 1♀ ( SAMC); same locality label, 2–9.II.1994 , 1♀ ( SAMC). UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: Sharjah Desert Park , 25°17’N 55°42’E, 22.III–5.IV.2009, LT , 1♀ ( MOLC); Wadi Shawkah , 25°06’N 56°01’E, 5.V–24.VI.2007, WT , 2♀♀ ( MOLC). YE- MEN: Al Lahima , 16.X–31.XII.2000, MT, A. van Harten & A.M. Hager leg. , 1♀ ( MOLC); same locality label, 9.IV–5.VI.2001 , 1♀ ( MOLC). ZIMBABWE: near Harare (= Salisbury), Chishawasha , X–XI.1978, A. Watsham leg. , 1♀ ( NHMUK) .

Hosts. Dictyopharidae , Flatidae and Lophopidae ( Guglielmino et al. 2013) : in Mozambique: Elasmoscelis cimicoides Spinola (Lophopidae) ; Paroxychara cowla Medler (Flatidae) ; unidentified species of Dictyopharidae .

Natural enemies. In Mozambique: Cheiloneurus caesar Guerrieri 2006 ( Hymenoptera , Encyrtidae ) ( Guerrieri 2006). The reared specimens have the following locality labels: Mozambique, Maputo Prov., Maputo, municipal plant nursery, parasitized planthopper collected on 26.XI.1993; cocoon spun on 28.XI.1993; encyrtids emergence on 13.XII.1993: 3♂♂, 18♀♀. A further unidentified species of Cheiloneurus was reared in Mozambique, Niassa Prov., Cuamba, Campus of the Faculty of Agriculture, from a nymph of Dictyopharidae parasitized by a Dryinus . The host is probably Dryinus orophilus : C. 24.IV.2012; B. 28.IV.2012; Encyrtids emergence 1.VI.2012: 5♀♀, 14♂♂.

Distribution. Angola, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Oman, South Africa, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Zimbabwe.

Figures

FIGURE 137. A: Dryinus modestus Olmi. Genitalia of ♂ from Aldabra, Dune Jean-Louis. B, C, E, F: Dryinus orophilus (Ben- oit): head of ♀ from Yemen, Al-Lahima, in dorsal view (B); prothorax of ♀ holotype in lateral view (C); chelae of holotype (E) and ♀ from Yemen, Al-Lahima (F). D: chela of Dryinus nigrithorax Olmi, Copeland & van Noort sp. nov., holotype. Scale bar: A: 0.08 mm; B: 0.33 mm; C: 0.31 mm; D: 0.17 mm; E: 0.12 mm; F: 0.09 mm.

FIGURE 139. A, B: Dryinus orophilus (Benoit), ♂ genitalia of specimen from Nigeria, Ife (A) and Yemen, Al-Lahima (B). C–E: chelae of Dryinus species: C: D. paulyi Olmi, holotype; D: D. praecipuus Olmi, holotype; E: D. pretorianus Olmi, holo- type. F: Dryinus pretorianus Olmi, ♂ genitalia of specimen from South Africa, Pretoria. Scale bar: A, B, D, F: 0.10 mm; C, E: 0.14 mm.