Thaumatodryininae Olmi, 1984

Olmi, Massimo, Copeland, Robert S. & Noort, Simon Van, 2019, Dryinidae of the Afrotropical region (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea), Zootaxa 4630 (1), pp. 1-619 : 380-381

VI. Subfamily Thaumatodryininae Olmi, 1984

Thaumatodryininae Olmi 1984: 682 ; Tribull 2015: 20.

Type genus. Thaumatodryinus R. Perkins 1905 , by monotypy and original designation.

Diagnosis. ♀ ( Figs 156C, D ): fully winged ( Figs 156C, D ); forewing with three cells enclosed by pigmented veins (C, R and 1Cu) ( Figs 156C, D ); usually in forewing also 2Cu cell completely enclosed by pigmented veins; protarsus chelate ( Figs 156C, D ); chela with a rudimentary claw ( Fig. 158A ); antenna with tufts of long setae (“tiloïdes” of Benoit 1954) on antennomeres 5–10 (antennomere 10 with two tufts) ( Figs 156C, D , 157C ); pronotal tubercle reaching tegula; mandible with four teeth becoming regularly progressively larger from dorsal to ventral tooth ( Fig. 6B ); occipital carina complete; antenna without ADOs; palpal formula 6/3; tibial spurs 1/1/2. ♂ ( Figs 157A, B ): fully winged; forewing with three cells enclosed by pigmented veins (C, R and 1Cu) ( Figs 157A, B ); forewing with PostabR1 as long as, or longer than pterostigma ( Figs 157A, B ); occipital carina complete; paramere without inner branch wrapping penis ( Figs 159A, C ); mandible usually with four teeth becoming regularly progressively larger from dorsal to ventral tooth ( Fig. 6B ); occasionally mandible with four teeth of different length; never quadridentate mandibles including one intermediate rudimentary tooth; notauli always separated at posterior margin of mesoscutum; minimum distance between notauli as long as, or longer than greatest breadth of lateral ocelli; pal- pal formula 6/3; hypopygium not umbrella-shaped (as in Fig. 8H ); tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Distribution. Worldwide, except Palaearctic region. Brues (1923, 1933) described three fossil species of Thau- matodryinus from Baltic amber; they are now attributed to Harpactosphecion Haupt.

Hosts. Flatidae (Guglielmino et al. 2013).

World species. 33 species are known, ten in the Afrotropical region.

World genera. One genus is known.

Remarks. After the original description by Olmi (1984), the subfamily Thaumatodryininae was considered a junior synonym of Dryininae Haliday 1833 (Xu et al. 2013; Olmi & Virla 2014). Based on molecular analysis, Tribull (2015) resurrected Thaumatodryininae to establish the monophyly of Dryininae and retain Gonatopodinae as a separate subfamily. The defined morphological synapomorphy for Thaumatodryininae is the presence of tufts of long setae on antennomeres 5–10.

Figures

FIGURE 6. A: antennal ADOs of Gonatopus sp. ♀. B: quadridentate mandible of Anteon sp. C: occiput of Gonatopus sp. ♂. D: micropterous ♀ of Deinodryinus sp. E: apterous ♀ of Gonatopus sp. a: propodeal declivity; c: mesoscutellum; m: metanotum; p: metapectal-propodeal disc; r: pronotum; s: mesoscutum.

FIGURE 8. A: tridentate mandible progressing larger from anterior one to posterior. B: quadridentate mandible, with intermediate rudimentary tooth (i). C: unidentate mandible. D: tridentate mandible, with intermediate rudimentary tooth. E: ♂ genitalia of Gonatopus sp.. F: ♂ genitalia of Dryinus sp. G: hypopygium umbrella-shaped. H: hypopygium not umbrella-shaped. b: basivolsella; d: distivolsella; k: dorsal process of paramere; o: paramere; p: penis.

FIGURE 156. A, B: Pseudodryinus sp.: ♂ in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) view. C, D: Thaumatodryinus sp.: ♀ in dorsal (C) and lateral (D) view. Scale bar: A: 2.30 mm; B: 1.76 mm; C: 3.74 mm; D: 4.63 mm.

FIGURE 157. A, B: Thaumatodryinus sp.: ♂ in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) view (p = pterostigma; r = PostabR1). C: tuft of long setae on antenna of Thaumatodryinus sp. ♀. D: Thaumatodryinus merinus Olmi, ♂ holotype in dorsal view. Scale bar: A: 3.03 mm; B: 2.09 mm; D: 2.21 mm.

FIGURE 158. Chelae of Thaumatodryinus species holotypes. A: T. afer Olmi; B: T. comptoni Olmi; C: T. dentatus Benoit; D: T. infuscatus Olmi. Scale bar: A, D: 0.07 mm; B, C: 0.10 mm.

FIGURE 159. A, C–E: ♂ genitalia of Thaumatodryinus species: A: T. comptoni Olmi, paratype. C: T. merinus Olmi, holotype. D: T. overholti Olmi, Copeland & Guglielmino, holotype. E: T. sokokensis Olmi, holotype. B, F: mesoscutum of Thaumatodry- inus species ♂♂: T. merinus Olmi from Madagascar, 23°29.19’S 44°4.44’E (B); ♂ holotype of T. sokokensis Olmi (F). Scale bar: A, C: 0.09 mm; B: 0.30 mm; D: 0.11 mm; E: 0.07 mm; F: 0.35 mm.