Dryinus Latreille, 1804

Olmi, Massimo, Copeland, Robert S. & Noort, Simon Van, 2019, Dryinidae of the Afrotropical region (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea), Zootaxa 4630 (1), pp. 1-619 : 302-303

9. Genus Dryinus Latreille, 1804

Dryinus Latreille 1804: 176 ; 1805: 228; Haliday 1833: 273; Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1905: 69, partim; 1906: 497, partim; Richards 1935: 144; 1937: 118; 1939: 229; Olmi 1984: 728; 1991: 259; 1993b: 61; 1994: 63; 1995g: 5; 1999: 180; He & Xu 2002: 249; Virla & Olmi 2008: 370; Moya-Raygoza & Olmi 2010: 95; Lelej 2012: 397; Xu et al. 2013: 254; Olmi & Virla 2014: 214; Olmi & Xu 2015: 129; Olmi et al. 2016: 73.

Campylonyx Westwood 1835: 52 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Campylonyx ampuliciformis Westwood 1835 , by monotypy; Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1905: 84; Kieffer 1914b: 43.

Chelothelius Reinhard 1863: 409 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type species: Chelothelius gryps Reinhard 1863 , by monotypy; Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1905: 125; Kieffer 1914b: 56; Berland 1928: 143; Olmi 1984: 604; 1993b: 61; 1993c: 47.

Paradryinus R. Perkins 1905: 53 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Paradryinus koebelei R. Perkins, 1905 , by original designation.

Chlorodryinus R. Perkins 1905: 57 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Chlorodryinus pallidus R. Perkins 1905 , by original designation.

Plastodryinus Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1906: 496 (synonymized by Móczár 1965); type species: Plastodryinus szepligetii (Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1906) , by original designation.

Mesodryinus Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1906: 497 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type species: Mesodryinus niger (Kieffer 1904) , by original designation; Kieffer 1914b: 29; Muesebeck & Walkley 1951: 1034; Krombein 1979: 1243; Olmi 1984: 1000; 1993b: 61; 1993c: 47.

Hesperodryinus R. Perkins 1907: 40 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Hesperodryinus arizonicus R. Perkins 1907 , by original designation; Krombein 1979: 1242.

Perodryinus R. Perkins 1907: 43 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type species: Perodryinus amoenus R. Perkins 1907 , by monotypy; Kieffer 1914b: 48; Olmi 1984: 1033; 1993b: 61.

Lestodryinus Kieffer 1911a: 108 (new name for Dryinus Latreille, 1804 ; synonymized by Richards 1937); type species: Lestodryinus collaris ( Linnaeus 1767) , by automatic designation (see Dryinus Latreille 1804 ); Kieffer 1913a: 189; 1914a: 90; 1914b: 20.

Tridryinus Kieffer 1913c: 325 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type species: Tridryinus striaticeps ( Kieffer 1909) , by original designation; Olmi 1984: 932; 1993b: 61.

Bocchoides Benoit 1954: 424 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type species: Bocchoides bekilyensis Benoit 1954 , by monotypy; Olmi 1984: 601; 1993b: 61; 1993c: 47.

Richardsidryinus Móczár 1965: 376 (synonymized by Olmi 1991); type species: Richardsidryinus corsicus ( Marshall 1874) , by original designation; Olmi 1984: 907; 1991: 259.

Avodryinus Ponomarenko 1981: 143 (synonymized by Olmi 1984, as synonym of Richardsidryinus Móczár 1965 ); type species: Avodryinus canadensis Ponomarenko 1981 , by monotypy and original designation.

Alphadryinus Olmi 1984: 973 (synonymized by Olmi 1993b); type species: Alphadryinus asiaticus Olmi 1984 , by original designation; Olmi 1990a: 137; 1993b: 61; 1993c: 47.

Type species. Dryinus collaris ( Linnaeus 1767) (= Dryinus formicarius Latreille 1804 , by subsequent monotypy ( Latreille 1805)).

Diagnosis. ♀ ( Figs 117B, C ); fully winged ( Figs 117B, C ); occipital carina complete, or incomplete, or absent; palpal formula 6/3; mandible with 1–4 teeth; antenna usually with ADOs, rarely without; antenna without tufts of long setae ( Figs 117B, C ); antennomere 3 usually less than 5 × as long as 2, occasionally more than 5 × (in this case, notauli often complete, then mesoscutum completely sculptured by numerous and parallel longitudinal keels); pronotal tubercle reaching or not reaching tegula; forewing with three cells enclosed by pigmented veins (C, R and 1Cu) ( Figs 117B, C ); chela with rudimentary claw ( Fig. 126F ); protarsomere 5 less than twice as broad as enlarged claw ( Fig. 119E ); enlarged claw as long as, or shorter than protibia; tibial spurs 1/1/2, rarely 1/1/1. ♂ ( Figs 117D , 118A ): fully winged ( Figs 117D , 118A ); occipital carina complete or incomplete; mandible with 1–3 teeth; palpal formula 6/3; epicnemium visible, because lateral regions of prothorax not continuous with mesopleura ( Fig. 7D ); mesosternum fused with mesopleura and not distinct; forewing with three cells enclosed by pigmented veins (C, R and 1Cu) ( Figs 117D , 118A ); paramere without dorsal process ( Fig. 119D ); tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Distribution. Worldwide.

Hosts. Acanaloniidae , Cixiidae , Dictyopharidae , Flatidae , Fulgoridae , Issidae , Lophopidae , Ricaniidae , Tropiduchidae ( Guglielmino & Olmi 1997, 2006, 2007; Guglielmino et al. 2013).

World species. 295 species are known, 59 in the Afrotropical region, including two species incertae sedis.

Remarks. Larvae of Dryinus were described by Abril-Ramírez (1992) and Guglielmino et al. (2015). Fossil species of Dryinus were described by Ponomarenko (1981), Olmi (1995e), Olmi et al. (2011), Olmi & Guglielmino (2011), Guglielmino et al. (2018) and Perkovsky & Olmi (2018).

Dryinus ♀♀ were divided for convenience by Olmi (1993b) into four groups on the basis of the characters detailed in the following key:

Figures

FIGURE 7. A, B: chelae. C, D: mesosoma of Bocchinae (C) and Dryininae (D) ♂♂ in lateral view. a: arolium; e: enlarged claw; m: mesopleuron; p: pronotum; r: rudimentary claw; s: protarsomere 5; t: tegula; z: epicnemium. E: forewing of fictitious specimen (C: costal cell; cv: costal vein; Pt: pterostigma; R: radial cell; 1Cu: first cubital cell; 2Cu: second cubital cell; 2R1: second radial 1 cell; 2r-rs&Rs: second radial cross & radial sector vein; PostabR1: poststigmal abscissa of Radial1 vein).

FIGURE 117. A: Bocchus ruvidus Olmi, Copeland & van Noort sp. nov., ♂ holotype in dorsal view; head vertex and mesoscu- tum sculpture. B–D: habitus of Dryinus species. B–C: ♀ in dorsal (B) and lateral (C) view; D: ♂ in dorsal view. Scale bar: A: 1.86 mm; B: 3.63 mm; C: 2.82 mm; D: 2.67 mm.

FIGURE 118. Habitus of Dryinus species. A: ♂ in lateral view. B, C: D. afer (Olmi), ♀ holotype in dorsal (B) and lateral (C) view. Scale bar: A: 1.60 mm; B: 3.56 mm; C: 2.83 mm.

FIGURE 119. A: chela of Dryinus sp. group 4. B–E: Dryinus afer (Olmi): head in dorsal view (B), prothorax in lateral view (C), chela (E) of ♀ holotype; genitalia (D) of ♂ allotype. Scale bar:A: 0.11 mm; B: 0.24 mm; C: 0.49 mm; D: 0.08 mm; E: 0.16 mm.

FIGURE 126. Chelae of Dryinus species. A: D. chamaeleo Benoit, holotype. B: D. copelandi Olmi, holotype. C: D. daviesi Olmi, holotype. D: D. dayianus Olmi, holotype. E: D. deceptor (Turner), ♀ from South Africa, Port St. Johns. F: D. digo Olmi, Copeland & Guglielmino, holotype. Scale bar: A: 0.17 mm; B: 0.10 mm; C: 0.11 mm; D: 0.16 mm; E: 0.15 mm; F: 0.22 mm.