Gonatopus amoenus Olmi, 1994

Olmi, Massimo, Copeland, Robert S. & Noort, Simon Van, 2019, Dryinidae of the Afrotropical region (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea), Zootaxa 4630 (1), pp. 1-619 : 422-424

3. Gonatopus amoenus Olmi, 1994

( Figs 168E , 171B, C )

Gonatopus amoenus Olmi 1994a: 72 ; Guglielmino & Olmi 1997: 221; Olmi 1998c: 62; 2006: 45; Guglielmino & Olmi 2006: 45; 2007: 124; Olmi 2009b: 459.

Description. ♀. Apterous; body length 2.4–4.0 mm. Head brown, except mandible, clypeus and anterior region of frons testaceous; antenna brown, except scape yellow; propleuron brown; pronotum testaceous-reddish or brown; mesoscutum yellow, except anterior margin darkened; rest of mesosoma testaceous-reddish or brown; metasoma brown; legs testaceous, except tibiae, clubs of femora and occasionally coxae more or less darkened. Antenna clavate; antennomeres in following proportions: 6:5:13:7:6:6:5.5:5:4.5:7. Head excavated, shiny, smooth, alutaceous or unsculptured; frontal line complete; occipital carina absent; temple distinct; POL = 2.5; OL = 2.5; OOL = 7. Palpal formula 4/2. Pronotum shiny, unsculptured or slightly granulate, crossed by strong transverse impression; disc of pronotum without posterior contraction near posterior margin. Mesoscutum shiny or dull, unsculptured or granulate, without lateral pointed apophyses. Metanotum flat, granulate (in large specimens) or unsculptured (in small specimens), about coplanar to mesoscutellum; sides of metanotum rounded. Metapectal-propodeal disc shiny, unsculptured; propodeal declivity granulate and transversely striate; anterior surface unsculptured; top with track of median longitudinal furrow. Mesopleuron and metapleuron dull, granulate. Meso-metapleural suture obsolete. Protarsomeres in following proportions: 15:3:5:12:19. Enlarged claw ( Fig. 168E ) with one large subapical tooth and one row of four lamellae. Protarsomere 5 ( Fig. 168E ) with two rows of approximately 20 lamellae; apex with approximately nine lamellae. Tibial spurs 1/0/1.

♂. Fully winged; body length 2.0– 2.4 mm. Head black, except mandible testaceous; antenna brown; mesosoma black; metasoma brown; legs yellow, except meso- and metatibia and clubs of femora slightly darkened. Antenna filiform; antennomeres in following proportions: 4:4:8:6:6:6:5.5:6:5:7; antennomere 3 more than 4 × as long as broad: 8:1.5. Head shiny, unsculptured or very slightly granulate; frontal line absent; occipital carina absent; POL = 6; OL = 2.5; OOL = 2.5; temple distinct; vertex with track of two oval areas situated between lateral ocelli and eyes (areas anteriorly not surrounded by high carina). Palpal formula 3/2 or 4/2. Mesoscutum dull, alutaceous; notauli complete, usually posteriorly joint or situated very close; occasionally (in two specimens from South Africa, Cape Recife Natural Reserve , and Mozambique, Cuamba , Campus of UCM) notauli posteriorly distinctly separated. Mesoscutellum and metanotum shiny, unsculptured. Metapectal-propodeal disc dull and completely reticulate rugose; in specimen from Mozambique, 6 km N of Palmeira, metapectal-propodeal disc with two smooth areas on lateral regions. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands; 2R1 cell open; 2r-rs& Rs vein regularly curved, with distal part longer than proximal part (14:6). Dorsal process of paramere ( Figs 171B, C ) long and with broad and more or less rounded distal region. Tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Material examined. Types: ♀ holotype: MOZAMBIQUE: Maputo Prov., 26 km S of Maputo, Umbelúzi, in the farm of the Instituto de Investigaciones Agronomicas ( INIA), 20.X.1992, M. Olmi reared ( AMNH). Paratypes: BURKINA FASO: N Bobo, Mare-aux-Hippopotames, 3.X.1979, A. Pauly leg., 1♀ ( AMNH). MOZAMBIQUE: same locality label as holotype, X.1992, Xi.1992, 12 ♀♀, 13♂♂ ( AMNH); Maputo Prov., 3 km N of Umbelúzi (23 km S of Maputo), in the fields of a private farm, C. 11.XI.1992, Sf. 26.XI.1992, M. Olmi reared, 1♂ ( AMNH); same locality label, 28.XI.1992, 1♂ ( AMNH); Maputo Prov., Maputo, in the fields of the Municipal Nursery in Costa do Sol, 25.IX.1992, M. Olmi reared, 1♀ ( AMNH); same locality label, C. 31.X.1992, Sf. 15.XI.1992, 1♂ ( AMNH). Other material: GAMBIA: Upper River, Basse (= Basse Santa Su), 1♀ ( KJHC). MOZAMBIQUE: Maputo Prov., 2 km S of Umbelúzi, in SEMOC farm, C. 4.XI.1995, M. Olmi leg., 1♀ ( AMNH); Maputo Prov., 6 km N of Palmeira along Road EN1, M. Olmi leg., 1♀ ( AMNH); Maputo Prov., 5 km E Manhiça, C. 25.IX.1996, M. Olmi leg., 1♀ ( AMNH); Gaza Prov., Between Macia and Palmeira, 2 km E of River Incomati Bridge along Road EN1, M. Olmi leg., 1♀ ( AMNH); Niassa Prov., Cuamba, Mozambique Catholic University Campus, C. 4.IV. 003, B. 7.IV.2003, Sf. 24.IV.2003, M. Olmi reared, ex adult ♀ of an unknown species of Delphacidae , 1♂ ( MOLC); same locality label, C. 7.IV. 003, B. 11.IV.2003, Sf. 25.IV.2003, 1♂ ( MOLC); same locality label, C. 7.IV. 003, B. 10.IV.2003, Sf. 25.IV.2003, 1♂ ( MOLC); same locality label, C. 6.III.2005, B. 8.III.2005, Sf. 22.III.2005, 1♂ ( MOLC); same locality label, C. 17.III.2012, B. 19.III.2012, Sf. 1.IV.2012, M. Olmi leg., 2♀♀ ( MOLC); same locality label, C. 17.III.2012, B. 19.III.2012, Sf. 2.IV.2012, M. Olmi leg., 2♀♀, 2♂♂ ( MOLC); same locality label, C. 17.III.2012, B. 18.III.2012, Sf. 3.IV.2012, M. Olmi leg., 1♀ ( MOLC); Niassa Prov., Cuamba, Farm of the Catholic University of Mozambique, C. 18.II.2005, B. 20.II.2005, Sf. 8.III.2005, M. Olmi reared from an adult specimen of Meenoplidae, M. Olmi reared, 1♂ ( MOLC). SOUTH AFRICA: Eastern Cape, near Port Elizabeth, Cape Recife Nature Reserve, collected and reared in front of the gate of the reserve, C. 30.I.1997, M. Olmi leg., 1♀ ( AMNH); Eastern Cape, 16 km E of Port Elizabeth, S. George’s Strand, C. 31.I.1997, M. Olmi reared, 1♀ ( AMNH); Eastern Cape, Grahamstown, XII.1956, C.B. Coytrell leg., 1♀ identified in the past as Pseudogonatopus ruens Olmi ( Olmi 1984) ( NHMUK); KwaZulu-Natal, Drakensberg, Cathedral Peak, inside the park, grass near the gate of Cathedral Peak Hotel, C. 11.IV.2007, B. 13.IV.2004, M. Olmi reared, 1♀ ( MOLC); Western Cape, about 18 km S of Citrusdal, The Baths, 22.I.2003, sweeping, M. Olmi leg., 1♀ ( MOLC); same locality label, reared by M. Olmi from adults of Metadelphax propinqua (Fieber) and Toya tuberculosa (Distant) (Delphacidae) as follows: C. 22.I.2003, B. 24.I.2003, Sf. 8.2.2003, 1♂ ( MOLC); C. 22.I.2003, B. 24.I.2003, Sf. 7.2.2003, 1♀ ( MOLC); C. 22.I.2003, B. 23.I.2003, Sf. 7.2.2003, 1♀ ( MOLC); C. 22.I.2003, B. 24.I.2003, Sf. 7.2.2003, 1♀ ( MOLC).

Hosts. Delphacidae ( Guglielmino et al. 2013) and Meenoplidae : Delphacidae : in Mozambique: Metadelphax propinqua (Fieber) (= Toya propinqua (Fieber)) , Sogatella kolophon (Kirkaldy) and S. petax Fennah ,; in South Africa: Matutinus vitticollis (Stål) ; Metadelphax propinqua (Fieber) (= Toya propinqua (Fieber)) ; Toya ceresensis (Muir) and T. tuberculosa (Distant) . In Mozambique: unidentified species of Meenoplidae .

Natural enemies. Hymenoptera Encyrtidae : in Mozambique: Cheiloneurus gonatopodis R. Perkins and Cheiloneurus exitiosus (Perkins) . Ch. gonatopodis is one of the most common natural enemies of Dryinids in Mozambique (see also Echthrodelphax tauricus Ponomarenko , Gonatopus mossambicus Olmi and Gonatopus incognitus Olmi ). The reared specimens have the following locality labels: E3: Mozambique, Maputo Prov., Umbelúzi, para- sitized planthopper collected on 20.X.1992, M. Olmi reared, 2♂♂, 3♀♀ of Cheiloneurus gonatopodis Perkins. 28: Mozambique, Maputo Prov., 5 km E Manhiça , parasitized planthopper collected on 25.IX.1996 ; cocoon spun on 26.IX.1996; encyrtids emergence on 13.X.1996; M. Olmi reared, 1♂, 2♀♀ of Cheiloneurus exitiosus (Perkins) . 30: Mozambique, Maputo Prov., 5 km E Manhiça , parasitized planthopper collected on 25.IX.1996 ; cocoon spun on 26.IX.1996; encyrtids emergence on 14.X.1996, M. Olmi reared, 2♂♂, 2♀♀ of Cheiloneurus gonatopodis Perkins. 56: Mozambique, Maputo Prov., 6 km E Manhiça , parasitized planthopper collected on 25.IX.1996 ; cocoon spun on 25.IX.1996; encyrtids emergence on 11.XI.1996, M. Olmi reared, 1♂, 3♀♀ of Cheiloneurus gonatopodis Perkins.

Distribution. Burkina Faso, Gambia, Mozambique, South Africa.

Figures

FIGURE 168.A, D–G: chelae of Gonatopus species. A: G. nearcticus (Fenton), ♀ from Uganda, Serere; D: G. acutus (Olmi), holotype; E: G. amoenus Olmi, holotype; F: G. camposensis Olmi, holotype; G: G. ceballosi Olmi, holotype. B: genitalia of G. nearcticus (Fenton), ♂ from Greece, Pyrgi. C: head in frontal view of G. acutus (Olmi), ♀ from South Africa, The Baths. Scale bar: A, E: 0.09 mm; B: 0.20 mm; C: 0.26 mm; D, G: 0.07 mm; F: 0.08 mm.

FIGURE 171. A–C: ♂ genitalia of Gonatopus species: A: G. acutus (Olmi), from Mozambique, Cuamba; B, C: G. amoenus Olmi, paratypes from Mozambique, Umbeluzi. D: Gonatopus camposensis Olmi, ♀ holotype: head in frontal view. E: Gonatopus comorensis Olmi, Copeland & van Noort sp. nov.: mesosoma of ♀ holotype in lateral view. F: Gonatopus festivus Olmi, mesosoma of ♀ holotype in dorsal view. Scale bar: A: 0.06 mm; B: 0.08 mm; C: 0.10 mm; D: 0.27 mm; E: 1.07 mm; F: 0.77 mm.