Longgenacris maculacarina You & Li, 1983

Jiang, Bing, Wang, Haojie, Storozhenko, Sergey Yu. & Huang, Jianhua, 2019, Notes on the grasshopper genera Longgenacris You & Li, 1983 and Fruhstorferiola Willemse, 1922 (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Melanoplinae) with proposal of a new synonym, Zootaxa 4624 (3), pp. 397-406 : 398-399

Longgenacris maculacarina You & Li, 1983

Figs. 1–17

Longgenacris maculacarina You & Li, in You et al., 1983: 172 , 181; Zheng, 1993: 105; Otte, 1995: 308; Jiang & Zheng, 1998: 116; Li et al., 2006: 214; Wei et al., 2014: 845.

Type locality: CHINA ( Longzhou , Guangxi) .

Type material examined. Holotype male, CHINA: Longzhou, Guangxi, 200–300 m, 7 June 1980, Tianshan Li leg.; paratype female, data same as holotype; two males and two females paratypes, CHINA: Longzhou, Guangxi, 200–300 m, 7–17 October 1979, Qijing You, Hongxian Ji and Tianshan Li leg.; 8 males and 7 females paratypes, CHINA: Longzhou, Guangxi, 200–300 m, 7–17 October 1979, Tianshan Li and Rizhao Ling leg. (all types are deposited in Institute of Biology , Guangxi Academy of Science ) . Other material examined: two males, CHINA: Piaoba Village, Sanjiangkou Forestry Station, Mugan Twon, Daguan County, 29 August 2012, Xun Bian leg.; more than one hundred individuals from Nonggang Nature Reserve, Longzhou County, Guangxi collected by Tao Wei in 2012 (the specimens are deposited in the insect collection of Central South University of Forestry Technology).

Description. Male. Body length: 26.0– 27.6 mm; pronotum length: 7.0– 7.8 mm; tegmen length: 18.0– 19.6 mm; hind femur length: 15.0– 15.8 mm.

Body medium-sized, robust and densely pubescent. Head large and shorter than pronotum; face slightly reclinate backwards in profile; frontal ridge distinct, sulcated completely, with lateral margins nearly parallel, not reaching clypeus; vertex somewhat convex, fastigium strongly sloping forward and depressed, with median keel absent and the narrowest point between eyes distinctly narrower than the width of frontal ridge between antennal sockets. Eyes large and oval; interocular distance narrow, distinctly narrower than frontal ridge; vertical diameter 1.25–1.29 times as long as horizontal diameter and about 1.6–2.0 times as long as subocular sulcus. Antennae filiform, reaching beyond posterior margin of pronotum. Pronotum longer than broad, densely punctated, with a large subcircular shining area at dorsolateral joint of prozona and a smaller rectangular one at the same position of mesozona; anterior margin circularly arched, posterior margin bluntly protruding in the middle; median keel slightly weak in prozona and distinct in metazona, lateral keel absent; three transverse sulci distinct and sinuate, all interrupting median keel; anterior transverse sulcus short, median transverse sulcus extending to lateral lobe, posterior transverse sulcus situated more closely to posterior margin, and prozona about 1.3–1.5 times as long as metazona. Prosternal process short conical and pointed apically; lateral lobes of mesosternum broader than long and the width of interspace between them, the length of interspace between lateral lobes about 1.18–1.36 times as long as wide; lateral lobes of metasternum separated from each other posteriorly. Tegmina and hind wings developed, not or just reaching the apices of hind femora. Hind femora robust, without tooth at upper median keels; upper and lower genicular lobes broadly rounded apically; hind tibiae with dense pubescence, with 9–10 (14 in some individuals) spines at outer margin, 10–11 spines at inner margin, and ecto-apical spine absent; hind tarsi reaching or slightly exceeding middle of hind tibiae, with large rhombic arolium exceeding middle of claws. Abdomen with developed tympanum at lateral sides of the first tergite; terminal tergite split in the middle of posterior margin, with two small triangular furculae. Supra-anal plate triangular, with a longitudinal sulcus in the middle which is narrow basally and broadened apically, a short carina near base of lateral margins and a rectangular thick ridge apically. Cerci in male not conical but slightly broad at base, not constricted in middle, distinctly laterally compressed in apical half, broadly rounded apically and obliquely broadly sulcated from inner base to outer apical quarter; Subgenital plate short, lateral margins nearly parallel in basal half and suddenly tapering in apical half in dorsal view ( Fig. 12 ); apex distinctly constricted into a short cone in dorsal view and curved upwards in lateral view ( Fig. 11 ). Epiphallus not divided into two symmetric halves; anterior projections large; ancorae elongate and lamellate, slightly curved ventrally with apices bluntly rounded or pointed; posterior projections elongate and conical, with apices bluntly rounded; lateral margins nearly straight, and slightly concave at the level of anterior third in dorsal view; bridge moderately broad, with anterior margin broadly concave and posterior margin nearly straight; lophi large, longer than broad, projecting ecto-dorsally and separated distinctly from posterior projections, with apical margins broadly rounded; oval sclerites small and oval. Phallic complex robust, zygoma broad, apodemes long and robust, nearly reaching basal valves of penis, valves of cingulum conical, apical valves of penis cylindrical with apices rounded, basal valves of penis large and broad lamellate.

Body bright yellowish brown. Antennae with apical segments dark. Postocullar band absent or with only small traces of black at anterior and posterior margins in some individuals. Hind femora yellowish brown at upper and outer sides and reddish brown at lower and inner sides, with a short thin black stripe in middle and at apex of lower external keels ( Figs. 1, 3 ), with only a single black stripe in middle of lower external keels ( Fig. 9 ), or without black stripe in some individuals ( Figs. 10 ); hind tibiae bluish green; knees of hind femora, spines of hind tibiae, claws and arolia, metathoracic and abdominal spiracles, lateral lobes of terminal tergite and apex of subgenital plate black.

Female. Body length: 34.2–36.8 mm; pronotum length: 9.0– 9.2 mm; tegmen length: 21.5–23.0 mm; metafemur length: 17.5–18.9 mm.

Similar to male. Body slightly more robust than male. Postocullar band complete in some individuals or with only small black traces at anterior and posterior margins in other individuals. Cerci short conical. Subgenital plate with posterior margin triangularly protruded in middle, submedian tooth absent, posterior half to third distinctly carinate both laterally and medially, and deeply depressed between lateral and medial carinae. Ovipositor short and robust, with all marginal carinae nearly smooth.

Biology. Longgenacris maculacarina lives in brush at hillsides of north tropical karst evergreen seasonal rainforest between 200–400 m above the sea. It feeds on Alangium chinense (Lour.) Harms. (Alangiaceae) , Senecio scandens Buch-Ham. (Asteraceae) , Mallotus apelta (Lour.) Müll. -Arg. ( Euphorbiaceae ), and other plants. Adult generally occurs during the period from May to October with high population density, and lives together with Traulitonkinacris bifurcatus You & Bi, 1983 , Tonkinacris decoratus Carl, 1916 , Traulia szetschuanensis Ramme, 1941 , and Fruhstorferiola tonkinensis ( Willemse, 1921) .

Distribution. CHINA (Guangxi, Yunnan).

Figures

FIGURES 1–17. Longgenacris maculacarina You & Li, 1983. 1, 2, 7. Holotype male in lateral, dorsal view and labels. 3, 4, 8. Paratype female in lateral, dorsal view and labels. 5, 6. Head and prothorax of female showing the variation in postocular band. 9, 10. Hind femur showing the variation in black maculae. 11, 12. Terminal abdomen of male in lateral and dorsal view. 13. Subgenital plate of female in ventral view. 14, 15. Epiphallus in dorsal and dorso-frontal view. 16, 17. Phallic complex in dorsal and lateral view (epiphallus removed).